DESIGN OF RCC

LINTEL
-ARUN KURALI
 Lintel
 A lintel is a horizontal member which is placed across the openings like doors,
windows etc.
 It takes the load coming from the structure above it and gives support. It is also
a type beam, the width of which is equal to the width of wall, and the ends of
which are built into the wall. These are very easy to construct as compared to
arches.

Bearing of lintel: The bearing provided should be the minimum of following 3

cases.

i) 10 cm.
ii) Height of lintel beam
Types of Lintels

 Timber lintel

 Stone lintel

 Brick lintel

 Steel lintel

 Reinforced concrete lintel

 Reinforced brick lintel

Timber Lintels
Stone Lintels
Brick Lintels
Reinforced Brick Lintels
Steel Lintels
 Reinforced Cement Concrete Lintels

 At present, the lintels of R.C.C are widely used to the openings for doors,
windows, etc. in a structure because of their strength, rigidity, fire resistance,
economy and ease in construction. R.C.C lintels are suitable for all the loads
and for any span.
 The width of lintel is equal to width of wall. main reinforcement is provided at
the bottom and half of these bars are cranked at the ends.
 Shear stirrups are provided to resist transverse shear
 Types of Design Loads on lintel

 Self-weight or dead load of the lintel

 Dead load of the wall above the opening

 Dead load and live load transferred from the roof or the floor supported

by the wall over the opening

Dead Load of the Wall Above the Lintel
 Design steps
1. Assume effective depth of lintel
𝑙
d=10
overall depth D = effective depth + effective cover
D = d + Effective cover=d+50
2. Width of lintel, b = Thickness of masonry (eg:
230 to 300mm)
3. Effective span (l)
Must be least of the following two
i) 1= clear span (L)+ bearing
l = clear span(L) + effective depth
4. Load and moment calculation
transfer of loads to the sides by arch action height
of wall above Lintel
WH≥1.25h
= 21 𝑥 𝑙x l sin600 x t x 𝜌 m (Triangular
h=l
load)sin 60°
l=effective span
t= Thickness of masonry
𝜌m = density of masonry (Assume 19.2kN/m3 )
Moment due to masonry load, M1, = 𝑤6 𝑙
Self weight of lintel = b x D x density of RCC (𝜌), w=_ _
2
_kN/m
Moment due self weight. M2 =𝑙
𝑤
8
Total bending moment M =M1 +
M2 ultimate moment Mu = 1 .5 X
M
5. Check for depth
Equating ultimate moment(Mu) =
moment of resistance
Mu = 0.149 fck bd2 – Fe 250
Mu = 0.138 fck bd
𝑀 2𝑢 – Fe 415
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐹𝑒 415 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
drequired = 𝑜.138
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏
< d -----design is safe
If drequired

> d -----design is not safe Revise the depth

If d
6. Design of Tension reinforcement

A st fy
Mu= 0.87fyAstd(1- )
bdf 𝑐
𝑘

Solve for A st
Assume suitable diameter of the bars (8mm,10mm,12mm…)
Area of one bar No, of Bars = 𝐴𝑎 𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑡
7. Design of Shear reinforcement
i) Shear force v = 𝑤2 𝑙 + 𝑊
2
, Vu = v x 1.5
ii) Shear 𝑉
v = 𝑏𝑢
stress 𝜏 𝑑 𝐴
iii) Percentage steel =100 𝑏𝑑
Refer table No.19, 1S456-2000 for 𝜏c value
𝑠𝑡

If 𝜏c is less than 𝜏v then shear reinforcement is to be

designed.
If 𝜏c is less than 𝜏v then minimum shear reinforcement is to be provided
Proble
ms:
Design a lintel using following Data: width of opening = 2.4m, Height of

brick wall above lintel = 3m, thickness of walls = 230mm, bearing width of

wall = 230mm, concrete M20 and steel Fe415, Weight of concrete =

25kN/m3, Weight of brick wall = 19.2kN/m3. Sketch reinforcement details.

 Design steps
1. Assume effective depth of lintel
𝑙
d=10 = =2400
10
= 240mm
overall depth D = effective depth + effective cover
D = d + 35mm Effective cover=240+35 = 275mm
2. Width of lintel, b = Thickness of masonry =
230mm
3. Effective span (l)
Must be least of the following two
i) 1= clear span (L)+ bearing = 2.4+0.23 = 2.63m
ii)l = clear span(L) + effective depth = 2.4+0.24 = 2.64m
l=2.63m
4. Load and moment calculation
For transfer of loads to the sides by arch action,
Height of wall above Lintel
H≥1.25h , H=3m, h = l sin600 = 2.63 x sin600 = 2.27m, 1.25h = 1.25 x 2.27 = 2.83m
H>1.25h
Masonry load(W)-Triangular load
1
W = 2 𝑥 𝑙x l sin600 x t x 𝜌 m
1
W = 2 𝑥 2.63 x 2.63 sin600 x 0.23 x 19.2 = 13.22kN
Moment due to masonry load, M1 = W6 l = 13.22x2.63
6
= 5.79kN-m
Self weight of lintel, w = b x D x Density of RCC(𝜌)
= 0.23 x 0.275 x 25 = 1.58kN/m
wl 2 1.58x2.632
Moment due to self weight , M2 = 8 = 8
= 1.36kN-m
Total bending moment, M= M1+M2 = 5.79+1.36 = 7.15kN-m

Ultimate moment Mu=1.5 x M = 1.5 x 7.15 = 10.73kN-m

5) Check for depth
Equating, M=Mu

Mu = 0.138xfckbd2

𝑀𝑢 10.73 𝑥 106
drequired = = = 130mm <240mm(d provided)
0.138𝑥 𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑥 𝑏 0.138𝑥 20 𝑥
230

Design is safe.
6. Design of tension reinforcement
A st fy
Mu= 0.87fyAstd(1- )
bdf 𝑐
𝑘
 𝐴 𝑠 𝑡 x41
10.73 x10 = 0.87 x 415 x
6 A st x240[1- ]
2305𝑥 240 𝑥
20
10.73 x106 = 86.65x103Ast-32.57Ast2

32.57Ast2 - 86.65x103Ast + 10.73 x106 = 0

Ast=130.24mm2

Providing 10mm dia bars

𝜋𝑥
Area of one bar, ast= 1024 =78.5m2
𝐴 𝑠𝑡 130.24
No. of bars = = 1.65 say 2 Nos
𝑎 𝑠𝑡 78 5
.
=
7. Design of Shear reinforcement
i) Shear force v = +
𝑊 1.58 𝑥2.63 + 13.22 =8.68kN
𝑤𝑙
2 2= 2 2
Vu = v x 1.5 = 8.68 x 1.5 =
13.02kN

ii) Shear stress 𝜏v = 𝑏𝑉𝑑𝑢 = 13.02𝑥103

230𝑋 240
= 0.235N/mm2

Ast = =2𝑥 𝜋 𝑥4 102= 157mm2

157
𝐴 𝑠𝑡
iii) Percentage steel =100 𝑏 𝑑 = 100 x 230𝑥240=0.28
Refer table No.19, 1S456-2000 𝜏c value after the interpolating available values.
𝜏c=0.37 N/mm2 > 0.235N/mm2

Entire shear is taken by the concrete alone hence providing nominal

shear reinforcement, Provide 6mm dia bars
 𝜋 𝑥 62
A = 2 x = 56.55mm2 (Area of 2-Legged
sv stirrups)
4

Spacing of stirrups should be least of the following three

0.87𝑥𝑓𝑦 𝑥𝐴𝑠 𝑣 0.87𝑥415 𝑥56.55
1) Sv= 0.4𝑥 𝑏
= 0.4𝑥 230
= 221.92mm say 220mm
2) Sv should not be greater than 0.75d = 0.75x 240 = 180mm
3) Sv should not be greater than 300mm

Therefore provide 6mm dia 2L-Stirrups @ 180mm c/c

Reinforcement
details:
PROBLEM 2
A lintel beam 230 x 150 mm is reinforced with 3 — 10 mm bars at an effective cover of 35
mm. If lintel is simply supported over an opening of effective span 1.35m, determine the
total uniformly distributed load the lintel can carry including its self weight by assuming
that load of the wall on the lintel is uniform. Take fck = 15 Mpa and fe 250 Mpa

Given: b = 230mm, D = 150mm, effective cover = 35mm l=35m , Ast = 3 – 10

Ø fck =15N/mm2 ,fy =250N/mm2
2
𝑑
Ast = 3x𝐴 = 3x 𝜋 = 235.61mm2
4

depth of neutral axis

xu = 0.87 𝑓 𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
0.36 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 =
0.87 𝑥 250 𝑥 235.61
0.36 𝑥 15 𝑥 = 41.26𝑚𝑚
d = 150-35=115mm
230
Xu max =0.53d = 0.53 x 115 =60.95mm
Xu < Xumax
Section is under reinforced ,

moment of resistance is given by

Mu = 0.87 fy A st d x (1 − 𝑏𝐴 𝑑𝑠 𝑡 𝑓 𝑦 ) = 0.87 𝑥 250 𝑥 235.61 𝑥 115 ( 1 − 230
235.61 𝑥 250
𝑥 115 𝑥 ) =
5.01x106 N- 𝑓𝑐𝑘 15
mm
M = Mu / 1.5 =5.01
1.5
= 3.34𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
The Maximum BM for simply supported beam carrying udl

Equating maximum BM = Moment of resistance

𝑤𝑙 2
8
= 𝑤 𝑥 81.35 2 = 0.228𝑤
3.34 = 0.228 w
w= 14.64kN/m