RCD Course Work PDF

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TITLE: COURSE WORK ON REINFORCED CONCRETE

DESIGN (CE 353)
NAME: ADJEI KOFI YEBOAH

LECTURER: DR. AMPOFO
COURSE: RCD (CE 353)
INDEX No: 67588-03
07/11/05
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 SLAB DESIGN
 BEAM DESIGN
 COLUMN DESIGN
 FOUNDATION DESIGN
SLAB
DESIGN
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output
Design of slab for Residence Area on Second Floor
Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm

Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance = 20mm
Since 25>20, provide nominal cover = 25mm
Therefore durability and fire resistance are satisfactory.
Preliminary sizing of Slab

SLAB SKETCH
Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

d>span /26
Minimum effective depth = 3800/26 =146.15mm
Assuming R12 bars D = d + concrete cover+ (bar diameter/2)
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Choose D = 150mm
Therefore, d1 = 150-25-6 =119mm
d2 = 150-25-6-12 = 107mm
Loading
Self weight of slab = γ conc. *0.150
= 24 *0.150 = 3.60KN/m2
Ceilings and floors = 0.5KN/m2
Table Walls and partitions = 1KN/m2
3.14 Total Dead load = (3.60+0.5+1)KN/m2 Gk =5.10KN/m2
Imposed load = 3.0KN/m2 Qk= 3.0KN/m2
Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
n= 11.94KN/m2
For a unit width n = 11.94KN/m
Hence the slab is a two way with three edges continuous.
Short Span
Mx’ =βx’nLx2
=0.062*11.94*3.82 =10.68KNm(hogging)
Mx = βxnLx2
= 0.045*11.94*3.82 =7.76KNm(sagging)
Long Span
My’ =βy’nLx 2
=0.014*11.94*3.82 =2.41KNm(hogging)
My = βynLx2
= 0.010*11.94*3.82 =1.72KNm(sagging)
Reinforcement Analysis
K=Ms/bd2 fcu
K=10.68*106/(1000*1492*30)
=0.016<0.156
There is no compression reinforcement needed
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.016/0.9)1/2]
Z=0.98d , choose Z=0.95d
No comp.
required
Area of Steel(Hogging)
As = Mx’/0.95fyZ
=10.68*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=397.7mm2
Provide 24R12@275c/c(411mm2) Top
Ref Calculations Output
As = My’/0.95fyZ
=2.41*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=99.8mm2
Area of Steel (Sagging)
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=7.76*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=289.0mm2
Provide 22R12@300c/c(376mm2) bottom
As = My/0.95fyZ
=1.72*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=71.2mm2
BS 8110 Steel Area Check
1997 Short span
Table
3.27 Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*150 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*150
360 mm2 < 376 mm2 <6000mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory. As
satisfactory
Long span
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*107 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*107
256.8mm2 < 376 mm2 <4280mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory.
BS 8110 Cracking Check

3.1211.2 Maximum clear distance between bars in tension <3d or 750
Short span
3*119 = 357mm Cracking
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 = width o.k
288mm<750mm
Therefore cracking width is satisfactory.
Long span
3*107 =321mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
BS8110 Shear check

Table If depth of slab is<200mm no shear reinforcement is required. No shear
3.16 Depth of slab =180mm<200mm rnft required
Therefore provide no shear reinforcement.
BS Deflection Check
8110 Short span
Table
3.10 Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Eq 7.0 Actual span/d =3800/119 =32.0
Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 10.68 *106/1000*1192 =0.75
Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*397.7) / (3*411)
fs= 161.27
Therefore , Mf = 0.5 Mf =1 is
Hence select Mf = 0.5 , (0.5*26=13) good
Also; 32>13
Deflection is not within limits
Long span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d

Actual span/d =6300/107=58.87
M/bd2= 1.72*106/1000*1072=0.15
fs=(2*250*71.2)/(3*376)
fs= 31.56
Therefore , Mf = 3.54
Hence select Mf = 3.54 , (3.54*26=92.04)
Also; 58.87<92.04 Mf=3.5 is
Deflection is within limits better
DETAIL SLAB DRAWING
Design of slab for counselor’s Apartment

SLAB SKETCH

Preliminary Sizing of slab

d>span /26
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Choose D = 150mm
Therefore, d1 = 150-25-6 =119mm
d2 = 150-25-6-12 = 107mm
Loading
= 24 *0.150 =3.6KN/m2
Walls and partitions = 1KN/m2
Total Dead load = (3.6+0.5+1)KN/m2 Gk =5.1KN/m2
Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk
n= 11.94KN/m2
For a unit width n = 11.94KN/m
Hence the slab is a two way with three edges continuous.
Short Span
Mx’ =βx’nLx2
=0.082*11.94*3.82 =14.48KNm(hogging)
Mx = βxnLx2
= 0.062*11.94*3.82 =10.69KNm(sagging)
Long Span
My’ =βy’nLx2
=0.016*11.94*3.82 =2.75KNm(hogging)
My = βynLx2
= 0.012*11.94*3.82 =2.07KNm(sagging)
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=14.48*106/(1000*1192*30)
=0.034<0.156
There is no compression reinforcement needed No comp.
Required
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.034/0.9)1/2]
Area of Steel(Hogging)
As = Mx’/0.95fyZ
=14.48*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=539.3mm2
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=2.75*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.008<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.008/0.9)1/2]
As = My’/0.95fyZ
=2.75*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=113.9mm2
Area of Steel (Sagging)
As = Mx/0.95fyZ
=10.67*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=397.4mm2
As = My/0.95fyZ
=2.07*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=85.74mm2
DETAIL SLAB DRAWING
BS 8110 Steel Area Check
1997 Short span
Table
3.27 Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*150 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*150
360 mm2 < 376 mm2 <6000mm2
Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory. As
satisfactory
Long span
Allowable steel Area As:
0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
0.24% *1000*107 < 376 mm2 < 4% *1000*107
256.8 mm2 < 376 mm2 <4280mm2
Area of steel provided is satisfactory.
BS 8110 Cracking Check

3.1211.2 Maximum clear distance between bars in tension <3d or 750
Short span
3*119 = 357mm Cracking
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 = width ok
288mm<750mm
Long span
3*107 =321mm
Maximum clear distance between bars in tension =300-12 =
288mm<750mm
BS8110 Shear check

Table If depth of slab is<200mm no shear reinforcement (rnft) is No shear
3.16 required. Depth of slab =180mm<200mm rnft required
Therefore provide no shear reinforcement.
BS Deflection Check
8110 Short span
Table
3.10 Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Eq 7.0 Actual span/d =3800/119 =31.9
M/bd2= 14.48 *106/1000*1192 =1.02
fs=( 2*250*565) / (3*376)
fs= 250.4
Hence select Mf = 0.98 , (0.98*26=25.48)
Also; 31.9>25.48 Mf=1.0
Deflection is not within limits
Long span
Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d

Actual span/d =6300/107=58.87
M/bd2= 2.75*106/1000*1072=0.24
fs=(2*250*113.9)/(3*376)
fs= 50.48
Hence select Mf = 3 , (3.0*26=78)
Also; 58.87<78
Deflection is within limits
Design of Slab in the Corridor

Preliminary Sizing of slab

Ly/Lx = 47600/2600
= 18.30>2.0
Hence slab is designed as a one way.

d>span /26
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Choose D = 150mm
Therefore, d1 = 150-25-6 =119mm
d2 = 150-25-6-12 = 107mm
Loading
= 24 *0.150 = 3.6KN/m2
Walls and partitions = 1KN/m2
Total Dead load = (3.6+0.5+1)KN/m2 Gk =5.1KN/m2

Moment at mid span Mx = nLx2

8
= 11.34*2.62 = 9.58KN/m
8
Fixed end moment Mx2= nLx2

12
= 11.34*2.62 = 6.38KN/m
12
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=9.58*106/(1000*1192*30)
=0.00225<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.00225/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx’/0.95fyZ
=9.58*106/(0.952*119*250)
As=356.8mm2
Provide 160R12@300c/c(376mm2) top
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=6.38*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.018<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.018/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.95fyZ
=2.24*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=224049mm2
Provide 10R12@300c/c(376mm2) top
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=10.94*106/(1000*1492*30)
=0.00164<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=149[0.5 +(0.25-0.00164/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx’/0.95fyZ
=10.94*106/(0.95*149*250)
As=309.148mm2
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=6.38*106/(1000*1072*30)
=0.018<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.018/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.95fyZ
=6.38*106/(0.952*107*250)
As=264.3mm2
DESIGN OF
ROOF BEAM
Design of roof beam on grid O-O
Cover
=25mm
1.05KN/m roof loading
6.3m 2.3m 6.3m
Part D
1 =450mm
1997 Durability and fire resistance b=
Tabl 300mm
e 3.2 d1=411m
&3.3 Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm m
Preliminary Sizing of Beam

d>span /26
D = 242.3 + 25 + 6 =273.3mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Chart Choose R8 as links bar
7 Choose R12 as reinforcement bar
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
Loading
Self weight of the beam= γ conc. *0.450
= 24*.450 =10.8KN/m2
Assumed loading from the roof = 1.05KN/m
Total dead weight = (10.8+1.05)=11.85 KN/m2
Total dead weight per span (A1)=11.85/6.3 =1.88KN/m
Imposed load per meter span =0.75*6.3 =4.725KN/m
Design loads
Design load n= 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
Span 6.3m n1= (1.4*1.88)+(1.6*4.725) =10.19 KN/m

Span 2.6m n2= (1.4*5.15)+(1.6*4.725) =14.77KN/m
Span 6.3m n3= (1.4*1.88)+(1.6*4.725) =10.19 KN/m
NB: the calculation and distribution of loads was done with a

program Beamax
Support reinforcement
Maximum Hogging moment=20.54KNm

K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=20.54*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0014<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0014/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=20.54*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=241.86m2
Provide 3R12(339.3mm2)bottom
Mid span reinforcement
Maximum sagging moments=15.57KNm

K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=15.57*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0102<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0102/0.9)1/2]
As = Ms/0.87fyZ
=15.57*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=183.34mm2
Provide 3R12(339.3mm2) top
Maximum Hogging moment=26.8KNm

K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=26.8*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.017<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.017/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=26.8*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=315.58mm2
Provide 3R12(339.3mm2) bottom
BS Steel Area Check
8110 Allowable steel Area As:
1997 0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
3.12.61 0.24% *300*450 < 339.6 mm2 < 4% *300*450
Table 324 mm2 < 339.6mm2 <5400mm2 As is
3.27 Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory. satisfactory
Shear Check
Maximum shear =35.19KN
BS 8110
Actual shear v =V/bd
Table
v = 35. 19*103/(411*300)
3.7
v =0.285N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
therefore ultimate shear is avoided
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*300)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.47
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.24<0.285<0.64
Above condition is satisfied No shear

Therefore no shear reinforcement is required Rnft
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is required
provided. Asv=201.08
Asv=2*ΠR2/4
= 2*Π*8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (Asv*.95fy/0.4d)
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5
Therefore provide R8 links @250c/c

Deflection Check
BS
8110 Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Table Actual span/d =6300/411 =15.32
3.10 Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Eq Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
7.0 M/bd2= 20.54 *106/300*4112 =0.41
fs=( 2*250*248.6) / (3*339.3)
fs= 122.1
Hence select Mf = 2.0, (2.0*26=52)
Also; 15.32<52
Mf=2.0
Detailed Roof beam
Continuous Roof beam grid A,B,C,D
1.05KN/m Roof loading

Preliminary Sizing of Beam

d>span /26
D = 146.15 + 25 + 6 =177.15mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Choose R8 as links bar
Choose R12 as reinforcement bar
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
Loading
Self weight of the beam= γ conc. *0.450
= 24*.450 =10.8KN/m2
Assumed loading from the roof = 1.05KN/m2
Total dead weight = (10.8+1.05)=11.85 KN/m2
Total dead weight per span (A)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Total dead weight per span (B)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Total dead weight per span (C)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m
Total dead weight per span (D)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m

Imposed load per meter span =0.75*3.8=2.85KN/m
Design loads
Design load n= 1.4Gk+1.6Qk
Span 3.8m nA= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m

Span 3.8m nB= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nC= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Span 3.8m nD= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m
Maximum Bending and Shear Force diagrams

Maximum Hogging moment from Bending moment diagram

=5.37KNm
K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=5.37*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0035<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0035/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=5.37*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=63.2mm2
Mid span reinforcement
Maximum sagging moments=10.75KNm

K=Ms/bd2fcu
K=10.75*106/(300*4112*30)
=0.0071<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0071/0.9)1/2]
As = Ms/0.87fyZ
=10.75*106/(0.95*0.87*411*250)
As=126.58mm2
Steel Area Check

BS Allowable steel Area As:
8110 0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
1997 0.24% *300*450 < 339.3mm2 < 4% *300*450
Table 324 mm2 < 339.3 mm2 <5400mm2
3.27 Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory. As is
satisfactory
Shear Check
BS 8110 Maximum shear =16.97KN
Table
3.7
v = 16.97*103/(411*300)
v =0.13N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*300)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.058
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.0028<0.13<0.458
No shear
Above condition is satisfied Rnft
Therefore no shear reinforcement is required required
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is Asv=201.08
provided.
Asv=2*ΠR2/4
= 2*Π*8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5

BS Deflection Check
8110
Table Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
3.10 Actual span/d =3800/411 =9.25
Eq Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
7.0 Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
M/bd2= 5.37 *106/300*4112 =0.106
fs=( 2*250*63.4) / (3*339.3)
fs= 31.14
Hence select Mf = 3.5 , (3.5*26=91)
Also; 9.25<91

Detailed Roof beam
DESIGN
OF FLOOR BEAM
Design of beam on grid E-E to J-J
bf
A1 A2 A3 A4 hf
3800mm 3800mm 3800mm 3800mm
D d
bw
Area of A1 between grid lines E-F

B=3.8m h= tan45o *3.8/2 =1.9m
A1 = ½*b*h
= ½*3.8*1.9 =3.61m2
But A1=A2=A3=A4=3.61m2

Preliminary Sizing of T-Beam

Interpolating for span to depth ratio
(26-R)/(1-X)= (20-16)/(1-0.3)
X =bw/bf =0.35/0.9=0.38
R=20-3.1976
R=16.464
Span/depth <16.464
3800/16.46 <D
D>230.86mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
h1=150mm
bw=350mm
bf <bw+1/5(0.7*effective span)
bf <0.35+1/5(0.7*3.8)
bf <0.35+0.532
bf=900mm
Loadings
Dead loads:
Self weight of slab= (3.61*0.15*24)/3.8
=3.42KN/m
Self weight of beam =(0.45-.15)*24*.35 =2.52KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (3.61*3)/3.8 =1.425KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+2.52+1.425=7.37KN/m Gk=7.37
Imposed load = (3*3.61)/3.8 =2.85KN/m Qk =2.85
NB: since all the beams have the same area n1=n2=n3=n4=n
Ultimate moment n=1.4Gk+1.6Qk
N= (1.4*7.37)+(1.6*2.85)=14.87KN/m
n=14.871
n1=n2=n3=n4=n=14.871KN/m KN/m
beaming moment and shear force diagram 1
maximum sagging moment =8.95KNm

maximum Hogging moment =17.89KNm
Mid span reinforcements
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=8.95*106/(900*4112*30)
=0.00196<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.00196/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=8.95*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=105.27mm2
Maximum hogging=17.89KNm
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=17.89*106/(900*4112*30)
=0.0039<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0039/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx/0.87fyZ
=17.89*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=105.27mm2
BS
8110 Steel Area Check
3.12.61 0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
Table 0.24% *350*450 < 226.2mm2 < 4% *350*450
3.27 378 mm2 < 226.2 mm2 <5400mm2
Area of steel (As) provided not is satisfactory.
Shear Check
BS 8110
Table
3.7
v = 28.25*103/(411*350)
v =0.196N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu1/2 =4.38N/mm2
shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*226.2/411*350)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.338
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.1696<0.196<0.738
Above condition is satisfied

Therefore no shear reinforcement is required
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is
provided.
Asv=2*ΠR2/4
= 2*Π*8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5

BS Deflection Check
8110
Tabl Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
e Actual span/d =3800/411 =9.25
3.10 Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
Eq Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
7.0 M/bd2= 8.25 *106/350*4112 =0.139
fs=( 2*250*105.27) / (3*226.2)
fs= 77.56
Hence select Mf = 3.2 , (3.2*26=83.41)
Also; 9.25<83.41

Detailed of beam
01
2R12
15R8@250c/c 15R8@250c/c 2R12
3800mm 3800mm 3800mm
01
900mm
150mm
/c
0c
450mm 25
R8@
25cover
Design of beam on grid 1-1 to4-4 of the 1st floor
01 02 03 04
A1 A3
A2
2300mm 6300mm
6300mm
bf
D hf
L-BEAM SECTION
bw
Area of A1 between grid lines 1-1 and 2-2

A1 = ½*h(a+b)
a=6.3m b=1.26m h= tan45o *3.8/2 =1.9m
A1 = ½*1.9(6.3+1.26) =7.182m2
But area (A1=A3) therefore A3=7.182m2
A2 is between grid 2-2 and 3-3

A2 = ½*b*h A1=7.182m2
= ½*2.3*1.9 =2.185m2 A3=7.182m2
A2=2.185m2

Preliminary Sizing of L-Beam
Interpolating for span to depth ratio
(26-R)/(1-X)= (20-16)/(1-0.3)
X =bw/bf =0.35/0.45=0.77
R=20-3.1976
R=24.686
Span/depth <24.686
6300/24.686 <D
D>255.20mm
Design decisions
Choose D = 450mm
Therefore, d1 = 450-25-6-8=411mm
h1=150mm
bw=350mm
bf <bw+1/10(0.7*effective span)
bf <0.35+1/10(0.7*6.3)
bf <0.35+.441, bf<0.79m
bf=450mm
Loadings
Dead loads:
=4.104KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (7.182*1.5)/6.3 =1.71KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+1.71+4.104=9.13KN/m
Imposed load
Imposed load = (3*7.182)/6.3 =3.42KN/m

N1= (1.4*9.13)+(1.6*3.42)=18.26KN/m N1=18.26
However N3=18.26 N3=18.26
Dead loads:
=3.42KN/m
Weight of walls and furnishes= (2.185*1.5)/2.3 =1.425KN/m
Total dead weight = 3.42+2.52+1.425=7.364KN/m
Imposed load
Imposed load = (3*2.185)/2.3=2.85KN/m
N2= (1.4*7.364)+(1.6*2.85)=14.87KN/m N2=14.87
beaming moment and shear force diagram 2

Mid span reinforcements
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=36.68*106/(450*4112*30)
=0.0016<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0016/0.9)1/2]
As = My/0.87fyZ
=36.68*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=431.92mm2
Maximum hogging=27.84KNm
K=Ms/bFd2fcu
K=27.84*106/(450*4112*30)
=0.0122<0.156
Lever arm
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-K/0.9)1/2]
Z=d[0.5 +(0.25-0.0122/0.9)1/2]
As = Mx/0.87fyZ
=27.84*106/(0.87*0.95*411*250)
As=327.8mm2
BS Steel Area Check
1997 0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
3.12.61 0.24% *350*450 < 339.3 mm2 < 4% *350*450
Table 378 mm2 < 339.3 mm2 <5400mm2
3.27 Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory.
Shear Check
BS 8110 Actual shear v =V/bd
Table
v = 62.92*103/(411*350)
3.7
v =0.44N/mm2
but v<0.8fcu =4.38N/mm2
1/ 2

shear reinforcement
Vc=[0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4]/Ym
Vc=[0.79*(100*339.3/411*350)1/3*(400/411)1/4]/1.25
Vc =0.095
0.5Vc<v<Vc+0.4
0.22<0.44<0.495
Above condition is satisfied

Therefore no shear reinforcement is required
Hence the minimum no. of links for the length of the beam is
provided.
Asv=2*ΠR2/4
= 2*Π*8*2
Asv=201.088mm2
Sv< (201.088*.95*250/0.4*411)
Sv<290.5

BS Deflection Check
811
0 Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d
Tabl Actual span/d =6300/411 =15.32
e Allowable span/d = modification factor (Mf)*26
3.10 Mf= 0.55+(477- fs) / 120(0.9+ (M/bd2)) less or equal to 2
Eq M/bd2= 27.84 *106/350*4112 =0.47
7.0 Design stress fs = 2fy Asreq./ 3Asprov.
fs=( 2*250*327.8) / (3*339.3)
fs= 161.02
Hence select Mf = 1.9 , (1.9*26=50.06)
Also; 15.32<50.06

Detailed of beam
1 2 3 4
6300mm 2300mm 6300mm
K
3R12
25R8@250c/c 9R8@250c/c 25R8@250c/c
3R12
300mm
450mm
SECTION K-K
COLUMN
DESIGN
Design of column on gridline A1
BS Durability and fire resistance

8110
part Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm
1 Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance = 20mm
1997 Since 25>20, provide nominal cover = 25mm Cover=25
Tabl Therefore durability and fire resistance are satisfactory. mm
e 3.3
Preliminary column sizing
Column is braced due to the presence of walls to resist lateral loads.
Choose cross sectional area of column =300mm*450mm
Width of column =300mm
Depth of cross section of column = 450mm
Clear height between end restraints =3075mm
Lo
=3075mm
Design Decision
Column sizing =300mm*450mm
Stirrup diameter = R8mm
450mm
3075mm 2nd
Floor
150mm
300mm A SKETCH OF
1st
A TYPICAL
3075mm Floor COLUMN
SECTION
150mm
300mm
Ground
4200mm
Floor
150mm
Below
Ground
Floor
300mm
` Column Design Analysis
Clear height of second floor column= 3075mm
End Conditions
Condition at top
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either side and

are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the column.
D=450mm b=300mm
End condition at top=1.0
Condition at the bottom

End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either side and
are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the beam. D=450mm
b=300mm. the end condition at bottom is=1
Beta(β) =075 (braced column)

Effective height of column Le= β Lo
Le =075*3075
Le = 2306.25mm
Lex = effective height in respect of the major axis
Ley = effective height in respect of the minor axis
Lex=Ley= 2306.25mm
Lex/b =2306.25/300 =7.69<15

Ley/h =2306.25/450 =5.125<15
Hence the column is designed as a short braced axially loaded column.
Loading of column
Loading of column due ot beam A1

N1= ½*(6.3*10.8)=34.02KN
Loading on column due to beam A2
N2= ½*8.33*3.8=15.827KN
Self weight of column
N3= (0.3*0.45*24*3.075)*1.4=13.95KN
Total axial load on second floor=(13.95+15.827+34.02)=63.80KN N=63.80KN
BS Design of second floor column

8110
Part 1 Total axial load =63.80KN
1997 N=0.4fcuAc+0.75fyAsc
Clause For rectangular column to allow for the area of concrete displayed
3.8.4.3 by longitudinal reinforcement.
Modified formula N =0.4fcubh +Asc(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Ac is the net area of concrete
Asc is the area of longitudinal reinforcement
Therefore Asc =(N-0.4fcubh)/(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Asc =(63.80*103-0.4*30*300*450)/[(0.75*250)-(0.4*30)]
Asc =-8871.79mm2 Asc=
-8871.9mm2
The negative sign indicates that compression reinforcement is not
required since N<0.4*fcubh
Hence provide nominal reinforcement.

st
Design of 1 floor column
Column Design Analysis

BS 8110 Clear height of second floor column= 3075mm
clause
3.8.1.6.2 End Conditions
Condition at top
End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either

side and are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the
column.
D=450mm b=300mm
End condition at top=1.0
Condition at the bottom

End of column is connected monolithically to beams on either
side and are at least as deep as the overall dimension of the beam.
D=450mm b=300mm. the end condition at bottom is=1
BS 8110
table 3.19 Beta(β) =075 (braced column)
clause3.8.1.6 Effective height of column Le= β Lo
.1 Le =075*3075
Le = 2306.25mm
Lex = effective height in respect of the major axis
Ley = effective height in respect of the minor axis
Lex=Ley= 2306.25mm
Lex/b =2306.25/300 =7.69<15

Ley/h =2306.25/450 =5.125<15
Hence the column is designed as a short braced axially loaded

Loading of column
Loading of column due ot beam A1
N1= ½*(6.3*18.26)=57.52KN
Loading on column due to beam A2
N2= ½*14.87*3.8=28.25KN
Self weight of column
N3= (0.3*0.45*24*3.075)*1.4=13.95KN
Total axial load on second floor=(13.95+57.52+28.25)=99.723KN
Design of first floor column
Total axial load =99.723KN

BS
N=0.4fcuAc+0.75fyAsc
8110
For rectangular column to allow for the area of concrete displayed by
Part 1
longitudinal reinforcement.
1997
Modified formula N =0.4fcubh +Asc(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Clause
Ac is the net area of concrete
3.8.4.3
Asc is the area of longitudinal reinforcement
Therefore Asc =(N-0.4fcubh)/(0.75fy-0.4fcu)
Asc =(99.723*103-0.4*30*300*450)/[(0.75*250)-(0.4*30)] Asc =-
Asc =-8662.55mm2 8662.55m
m2
The negative sign indicates that compression reinforcement is not required
since N<0.4*fcubh
Hence provide nominal reinforcement.
In the design of the ground floor columns the net axial loading will increase
and it will be the total sum of the axial loading from the 1st floor and the axial
loads of the ground floor.
Nominal steel reinforcement

BS 100As/bd>0.4
8110 As= total area of longitudinal steel
3.12.6. Acol(bd) = cross sectional area of column
2 As>0.4bd/100
As>0.4*300*450/100
As>540mm2
Provide 4R20 bars(1257mm2) for ground floor
Provide 4R16 bars(804mm2) for the first floor
Provide 4R16 bars(804mm2) for the second floor

COLUMN DRAWING
300mm
150mm Roof beam
300mm
B 3675mm B
300mm
4R16
SECTION B-B
150mm 2nd floor beam
300mm
C C
300mm
3675mm
SECTION C-C
4R16
150mm 1st floor beam

300mm
D D
300mm
4200mm SECTION D-D

4R20
Ground floor
No shear rnft
BS Hence concrete grade is o.k required.
8110 No reinforcement is required. Provide nominal links Provide
3.12.6.2 nominal links
Size and spacing of links
Minimum size= ¼*size of the largest compression bar or not less
than 5mm
Minimum size=1/4*20=5mm
Provide R8 links
BS 8110 Maximum spacing =12* size of the smallest compression bar

Part 1997
= 12*16=192mm
clause
Choose Sv=150mm Sv=150mm
3.8.5
Therefore provide R8@150c/c links Provide
R8@150c/c
links
BS
8110
1997
3.8.6
FOUNDATION
DESIGN
Estimation of width of strip footing
Design decisions
Material used: Mass concrete select 6’’ sandcrete block
Width of block =150mm
Height of wall =2425mm
Design Analysis
Assuming a unit width of blockwall
Area in contact width ground = 0.15*1 =0.15m2
Volume of blockwall, V =0.15*2.425=0.364m3
BR 1 Unit width of sandcrete block =18KN/m3
Dead load, w =18*0.364=6.55KN
Ultimate design load =1.4*6.55
n =9.17KN N=9.17KN
Soil lab Minimum soil bearing capacity at 1.5m below ground

data level=200KN/m2
Minimum area of strip footing, Af= 9.17/200=0.046m2

Af>0.046m2
Width of strip footing=0.046/1=0.046m
Therefore minimum width=46mm Provide width
Select width of strip footing =150mm of strip
footing=150mm
Design pressure
Sigma =Ultimate design load/area of strip footing
= 9.17/0.2*1
=45.85KN/m2 S=45.85KN/m2
Design pressure S< minimum bearing capacity of soil Strip width is
Hence design pressure is satisfactory and footing width=200mm is ok
ok since 45.85KN/m2<200KN/m2
Design of column base A

This is being designed as an isolated pad footing

BS Nominal cover for concrete surfaces cast against adequate
8110clause blinding>40mm
3.8.1.4
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance =35mm Cover=
Choose nominal cover=50mm 50mm
Blinding =50mm Blinding =
Durability and fire resistance are satisfactory 50mm
Preliminary sizing
Minimum depth of 1.5hrs fire resistance = 100mm

Choose thickness of footing = 300mm
Assume square footing of 2.2m*2.2m
Bearing capacity of soil=200KN/m2
Loading
Serviceability Limit state
Total axial design load N=243.3KN

Assume weight of footing =20KN
Total axial load = 243.3+20=263.341KN
Minimum required base area

= 263.34/200
=1.317m2
Minimum length of square base =(1.317)1/2=1.15m
Hence provide a 2.2m*2.2m pad footing(4.84m2)
Design pressure
S=Ultimate design axial load /area of footing
S=263.34/4.84
S=54.41KN/m2 S=54.41
Design pressure< minimum bearing capacity of soil KN/m2
Hence design pressure is satisfactory and footing size is ok
Effective depth
Assuming R25 bars
Thickness of footing =D=300mm D=300mm
Therefore d= D-cover-25/2 D=237.5mm
Reinforcements
BS 8110
1997 Ultimate bending moment
3.11.2.2 The critical section of bending is at the face of the column
Square footing
Sketch`
For a square footing

Mxx=Myy=N*(1-b)2/81
=263.34*(2.2-0.3)2/8*2.2
Mu=54.01KN/m
2
BS 8110 K=Mu/bd fcu
6 2
’97 3.4.4 K=54.04*10 /2200*237.5 *25
K= 0.017 k<k’
Hence provide no compression reinforcement required.
Lever arm
Z=d{0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2}
Z=d{0.5+(0.25-0.017/0.9)1/2}
Z=0.98d, Z=0.95d
Choose Z=0.95d
Area of steel required
As=Mu/0.95fyz
=54.01*106/(0.95*250*0.95*237.5)
=1008.5mm2 Provide
Provide 11R25@225c/c(2181mm2) bottom 11R25
W/A @225c/c
code of
practice
BS
8110 Steel Area Check
’85 Allowable steel Area As:
table 0.24% bd < As < 4%bd
3.27 0.24% *300*300 < 2181mm2 < 4% *300*400
216 mm2 < 2181 mm2 <3600mm2
Area of steel (As) provided is satisfactory
Distribution reinforcement
BS Lc=1/2*2200=1100
8110 (3c/4)+(9d/4)=(3*300/4)+(9*237.5/4)
’97 =759.375
.12.3.2 Provide 11R20@225c/c and two thirds of the required
reinforcement should be concentrated within the zone from the
centerline of the column to 1.5d from the face of the
column=(1.5*237.5)+150=506.25mm at one end
And (1.5*237.5)+225=581.25mm at the other end.
Cracking shear
BS Allowable clear distance between bars<3d or 750
8110 D=237.5mm
Table 3d=3(237.5)=712.5mm
2.11.27 Maximum clear distance between bars=225-2(25/2)=200mm
200mm<712.5mm
Shear stress check

The critical section is at a distance d=240mm from the face of the
RCD column.
By Design shear force
Choo V=load on shaded area
V=S(1*a)
A =2200/2-(d+175)
= 750-237.5-175
=687.5mm
V=S(1*a)
=54.51(2.2*0.6875)=82.3KN
Design shear stress v=V/bd
V =82.3*103/2200*237.5
Design concrete shear stress
Vc=(0.79*(100As/bd)1/3*(400/d)1/4/Ym
Vc=(0.79*(100*2181/2200*237.5)1/3*(400/237.5)1/4/1.25
Vc=0.538
V=0.157N/mm2<0.538N/mm2
Hence section is adequate in shear and no reinforcement is required
Punching Shear
RCD Perimeter for checking punching shear is 1.5d from the loaded
by area. 1.5d=1.5*237.5=356.25mm
Choo Sketch
Critical perimeter= column perimeter+8(1.5d)

= (2*300) +(2*450)+(8*1.5*237.5)
=4350mm
Area within perimeter
=1.0622=1.13m2
=1.13m2 (area of shaded excluded)
Therefore shaded area=2.22 -1.13=3.71m2
Punching shear force
V=S*shaded area=54.51*3.741=201.92KN
Punching Shear stress
V=V/perimeter*d
= 201.92*103/4350*237.5
=0.195N/mm2
Hence v=0.195<Vc
But vmax=N/column perimeter*d
= 243.34*103/1500*237.5=0.658N/mm2
Vmax<0.8*fcu1/2=4N/mm2
Therefore punching shear is satisfactory
No shear reinforcement is required.

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FACULTY OF CIVIL AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

TITLE: COURSE WORK ON REINFORCED CONCRETE

NAME: ADJEI KOFI YEBOAH

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Durability and fire resistance

Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm

Preliminary sizing of Slab

Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

Imposed load = 3.0KN/m2 Qk= 3.0KN/m2

Design load, n = 1.4Gk + 1.6Qk

Area of Steel (Sagging)

BS 8110 Cracking Check

BS8110 Shear check

Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d

Design of slab for counselor’s Apartment

Durability and fire resistance

Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm

Preliminary Sizing of slab

Hence the slab is a two way with three edges continuous.

Area of Steel (Sagging)

BS 8110 Cracking Check

BS8110 Shear check

Actual span/ d should not be greater than allowable span/d

Design of Slab in the Corridor

Durability and fire resistance

Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm

Preliminary Sizing of slab

Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

Imposed load = 3.0KN/m2 Qk= 3.0KN/m2

Moment at mid span Mx = nLx2

Fixed end moment Mx2= nLx2

Preliminary Sizing of Beam

Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

Imposed load per meter span =0.75*6.3 =4.725KN/m

Span 6.3m n1= (1.4*1.88)+(1.6*4.725) =10.19 KN/m

NB: the calculation and distribution of loads was done with a

Maximum Hogging moment=20.54KNm

Maximum sagging moments=15.57KNm

Maximum Hogging moment=26.8KNm

Above condition is satisfied No shear

Therefore provide R8 links @250c/c

1.05KN/m Roof loading

Durability and fire resistance

Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm

Preliminary Sizing of Beam

Basic span/ effective depth (d) <26*1=26 Modification factor =1

Total dead weight per span (D)=11.85/3.8 =3.12KN/m

Span 3.8m nA= (1.4*3.12)+(1.6*2.85) =8.928KN/m

Maximum Bending and Shear Force diagrams

Maximum Hogging moment from Bending moment diagram

Maximum sagging moments=10.75KNm

Steel Area Check

Therefore provide R8 links @250c/c

Deflection is within limits

Area of A1 between grid lines E-F

Durability and fire resistance

Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of exposure = 25mm

Preliminary Sizing of T-Beam

Imposed load = (3*3.61)/3.8 =2.85KN/m Qk =2.85

beaming moment and shear force diagram 1

maximum sagging moment =8.95KNm

Span 6.3m n1= (1.41.88)+(1.64.725) =10.19 KN/m

Span 3.8m nA= (1.43.12)+(1.62.85) =8.928KN/m