Hy=Hege0+ His (53) Hy geo Vertical distance between water level and pump ref ‘erence plane for suction lift operation in m, see Fig. 36 Hy Head loss in the suc~ tion piping in m (refer to 3.2.1.1), AS Hy is in most cases notably smaller than Hy geoy Ea. 53 be neglected and H, equated with FE, go. In this case, Fig. 75 provides a much faster way of finding the required tank size. For safety reasons the suction tank volume should be multi- plied by a factor of 2 to 2.5, or by a factor of up t0 3 in the case of smaller pumping stations. "The liquid pressure must never reach its specifie vaporization pressure at any point in the sys 73 Arrangement of Measure- ment Points In order to achieve a certain accuracy in pressure and veloc- flow must ity measurement be smooth and regular at the measuring points. Therefore, undisturbed straight lengths of piping need to be arranged up- stream and downstream of the measurement point(s), as shown. in Fig. 76 and indicated in Table 14 All pipe components which may impede a straight, parallel and non-swirling flow of liquid are considered a disturbance Relevant German regulations (VdS - Association of German i} ‘© trade ameter of suction pipe Fig. 75: Graph to determine the size of the suction tank. Follow the numbers from D to @ for selection. A safety factor of 3.0 has al ready beon considered in the above diagram (head losses Hs in the suction p ‘Table 14, ping were neglected). Minimum values for undisturbed straight lengths of piping «at measurement points in multiples of the pipe diameter D Source Distance from|Undisezbed pump fange | pipe length Aub [Aub [uid [Usb Vas 2092-5) 0.5 180 9906 1.0 [2.5 [2.5 [inservice measurement 290 \- [Acceptance test measurement 20 |Sang/s3 6Measurement Points Shaft Couplings Flexible couplings to DIN 740 are elastic, slip-free connect- ing elements between drive and pump which accommodate axi- al radial and angular misalign- ‘ment and damp shock loads. Flexibility is usually achieved T by the deformation of damping, 04 2 and rubber-elastic spring ele- ments whose life is governed oa large extent by the degree of misalignment. Fig, 77 shows ‘vo of the most common types of flexible shaft coupling. Fig. 78 shows a spacer coupling, berween a volute casing pump and drive. It permits removal of the pump rotating assembly Lat Fig, 76: Arrangement of pressure measurement points up- and downstream of the premsp Property Insurance Companies) shafts in perfect alignment, since without having to dismantle the stipulate pipe lengehs in mul- the smallest degree of misalign- suction and discharge piping or tiples of the pipe diameter for __ment will cause considerable ‘move the pump casing or drive in-service measurements, while stress on the coupling and on _ (back pull-out design). 180 9906 specifies pipe lengths the adjacent shaft sections. for acceptance test measure- ments. The data from both sources are listed in Table 14. If the required straight pipe lengths cannot be provided, the measuring results are likely t0 be less accurate, Consequently, pump flanges are not suitable as ‘measurement points. ‘The pressure measuring points should consist of a 6 mm dia meter hole and a weld socket to fit the pressure gauge. Even better still are annular measur- ing chambers with four drilled holes spread evenly across the circumference, 74 Shaft Couplings In centrifugal pump engineer- ing, both rigid and flexible shaft couplings are used. Rigid coupl- ings are mainly used to connect Fig. 78: Pump with spacer coupling compared with normal coupling 68