Measurement Points Shaft Couplings Flexible couplings to DIN 740 are elastic, slip-free connect- ing elements between drive and pump which accommodate axi- al radial and angular misalign- ‘ment and damp shock loads. Flexibility is usually achieved T by the deformation of damping, 04 2 and rubber-elastic spring ele- ments whose life is governed oa large extent by the degree of misalignment. Fig, 77 shows ‘vo of the most common types of flexible shaft coupling. Fig. 78 shows a spacer coupling, berween a volute casing pump and drive. It permits removal of the pump rotating assembly Lat Fig, 76: Arrangement of pressure measurement points up- and downstream of the premsp Property Insurance Companies) shafts in perfect alignment, since without having to dismantle the stipulate pipe lengehs in mul- the smallest degree of misalign- suction and discharge piping or tiples of the pipe diameter for __ment will cause considerable ‘move the pump casing or drive in-service measurements, while stress on the coupling and on _ (back pull-out design). 180 9906 specifies pipe lengths the adjacent shaft sections. for acceptance test measure- ments. The data from both sources are listed in Table 14. If the required straight pipe lengths cannot be provided, the measuring results are likely t0 be less accurate, Consequently, pump flanges are not suitable as ‘measurement points. ‘The pressure measuring points should consist of a 6 mm dia meter hole and a weld socket to fit the pressure gauge. Even better still are annular measur- ing chambers with four drilled holes spread evenly across the circumference, 74 Shaft Couplings In centrifugal pump engineer- ing, both rigid and flexible shaft couplings are used. Rigid coupl- ings are mainly used to connect Fig. 78: Pump with spacer coupling compared with normal coupling 68Pump Nozale Loading - Standards and Codes 25 Pump Nozzle Leading A centrifugal pemp mounted on the foundation should not be used as an anchorage point for connecting the piping. Even if the piping is ited to the noz- les without transmitting any. moments, summarized as nozzl loading, will develop under actual operating conditions (pressure and temperature) and. as a result of the weight of the liquid-filled piping. These cause stresses and deformation in the pump casings, and above all ‘changes in coupling alignment, which, in turn, may affect the ump's running characteristics, the service life ofthe flexible elements in the shat coupling, a well as the bearings and me: chanical seals. For his reason limits have been defined for per issible nozzle loading [1]. As the loading profile for each pump nozzle is made up of three different forces and moments, it is not possible to specify theo- retical nozale loading limits for all conceivable combinations. Therefore, operators either need to check whether the nozzle loading imposed by the system is sill within the pump's permis: sible limits, or have to contend with the considerably reduced general limits specified in sev. eral national and international standards and codes (EURO: PUMP brochure “Permissible flange forces and moments for centrifugal pumps", 1986; API 610; 180 5199), Fig. 79 shows the permissible nozzle loading for single-stage volute casing pumps to ISO 5199 (solid line for pumps on soo £ 600 400 200 200 ° 010 20 a0 Purp weight x ° 4050 6DKg7O 80 Discharge nozzle dia impeller outer da Fig. 79: Permissible moments Me a8 the flange reference plane, as well as permissible forces Fi direction) to ISO 1599 for single-stage volute casing pumps made of mas (at x52 plane) and Fymax (8-9 ferric cast steel or nodular cast iron at room temperature. Lower numerical values apply to austenitic cast steel, lamellar graphite cast irom or higher temperatures. routed baseplate, broken line for pumps on non-grouted base plates) 76 National and International Standards and Codes A series of national standards and other technical codes have been introduced in Germany since the early sixties which ‘govern the dimensions, manu facture, design, procurement and use of centrifugal pumps. Many of the requirements laid down have been included in European and international standards and codes, Drawn up by both operators and manu: facturers, these are now well~ established in vietually all see: tors of industry using or pro- ducing pumps. The most impor tant standards are tabulated in Fig. 80 on page 70 69