Psychosocial:

Psychological (or the root, "psycho" relating to the mind, brain, personality, etc.) &

social (external relationships and environment) Erikson's theory was greatly influenced by

Sigmund Freud.

This theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis of personality and

behavior, and also for understanding and facilitating development of self and others. Each

stage involves a 'psychosocial crisis" of two opposing emotional forces.

STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT 2 DISPOSITIONS:

*SYNTONIC - POSITIVE
*DYSTONIC - NEGATIVE

If both dispositions are not managed well,

we may develop MALADAPTATION & MALIGNANCY VIRTUES are being

carried if a stage is managed well

Abstraction and generalization
l . Erikson's psychosocial term is derived from the two source words namely
psychological (or root, 'psycho' relating to the mind, brain, personality, etc.) and
social (external relationships and environment), both of the heart of Erikson's
theory. Occasionally you 'Il see the term extended to biopsychosocial, in which
"bio" refers to life, as in biological.

2. Erikson 's theory was largely influenced by Sigmund Freud. But Erikson extended
the theory and incorporated cultural and social aspects into Freud's biological and
sexually-oriented theory.

3. Pyschosocial Crisis - turning points in a person's relationships and feelings about themselves.

4. Erikson's model is simple and well designed. The theory is a basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis of personality and behaviour, and also for understanding and
for facilitating personal development of self and others.
4. Like other "influential theories, Erikson's modelis simple and well designed. The theory
is the basis for broad or complex discussion and analysis of personality and behavior
and also for understanding and facilitating personal development of self and others. It can
help teacher in becoming more

5. Erickson's eight stages theory is tremendously powerful model. It is very accessible and
obviously relevant to modern life, from several different perspectives for understanding
and explaining how personality and behavior develops in people. As such Erikson's
theory is useful for teaching, presenting, self -awareness , managing and coaching,
dealing with conflict, generally for understanding self and others.
6. Various terms are used to describe Erikson's model, for example Erikson's biopsychosocial or
bio-psycho-social theory ( bio refers to biological which in this context means life); Erikson' s
human development cycle or life cycle, and variations of these. All refer to the same eight stages
psychosocial theory, it being Erickson's most distinct work and remarkable model.

7. The Epigenetic principle. As Boeree explains, "This principle says that we develop through a
predetermined unfolding of our personalities in eight stages. Our progress through each stage in
part determined by our success, or lack of success, in all the previous stages. A little like the
unfolding ofa rose bud. Each petal forward prematurely or out ordo; we ruin the development of
the entire flower. ' Erickson's theory delved into how personality was formed and believed that
the earlier stages served as foundation for the later stages. The theory highlighted the influence of
one's environment, particularly on how earlier experiences gradually build upon the next and
result into one's personality.
8. Each stage psychosocial crisis of twwopposing emotional forces. A helpful
term used by Erickson for these opposing forces is 'contrary dispositions'. Each crisis stage
relates to a corresponding life stages and its inherent challenges. Erikson used the words
'syntonic' For the firstlisted position 'positive' disposition in each crisis (trust) and 'dystonic'
for the second-listed 'negative' (mistrust). To signify the opposing or conflicting relationship
between each pair of forces or dispositions, Erikson connected them with the word 'versus'.

9. If the stage is managed well, we carry away a certain virtue or psychosocial strength which
will help us through the rest of the stages of our lives. Successfully passing through each
crisis involves 'achieving' a healthy ratio or balance between the two opposing dispositions
that represent crisis.
10. On the other hand, if we don't do so well, we develop maladaptations and malignancies, as
well as endanger all our future development. A malignancy is the worse of the of the two. It
involves too little of the positive and too much of negative aspect of the task, such as a person
who can't trust others. A maladaptation is not quite as a bad and involves too much of the
positive and too little of the negative, such as a person who trusts too much.

I I. The crisis stages are not sharply defined steps. Elements tend to overlap and mingle from one stage
to the next and to the preceding stages. It's a broad framework and concept, not a mathematical
formula which replicates precisely across all people and situations.
12. Erikson was keen to point out that the-transition between stages is 'overlapping' . Crisis stages
connect with each other like inter- laced fingers, not like a series of neatly stacked boxes. People
don't suddenly wake up one morning and be in a new life stage. Changes are graduated, mixed-
together and organic.

13. Erikson also emphasized the significance of 'mutuality' and 'generativity'. The terms are linked.

Mutuality reflects the effect of generations on each other, especially among families, and particularly

between parents and children and grandchildren.