are s0 limited that they cannot (6)___out of their situation. They are (7)_, of totally unemployed. In the (8), areas, many have no land and there is no hope for them. So they flock into the cities because their chances of finding some work (9) to be greater there than in the villages. Rural unemployment becomes (10)___unemployment. 1. A.developed B. wealthy C. developing. rich 2. A. poor B. richer C. improved D. poorer 3. A.improvement B. support C. aid D. help 4. A. state B. condition —_C. lifestyle D. atmosphere 5. A.conditions —_B. places C. opportunities D. future 6. A.run B. solve C. find D. get 7. A half employed B. partial employed C. employed D. underemployed 8. A-countryside — B. rural C, suburbs D. village 9, A. appear B. seems C. find D. realize 10. A. country B.national —C. urban D.city Notes: ~ flock (dng tit) = ld lugt kéo dén. ~ partial (tinh tir) = mét phan. — rural (tinh ti) = thuge ndng thén; urban (tinh ti?) = thuge thanh thi, Reading 1.4 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Long before they can actually speak, babies pay special attention to the speech they hear around them. Within the first month of their lives, babies” responses to the sound of the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli. They will stop crying when they hear a person talking, put not if they hear a bell or the sound of a rattle. At first, the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the end of utterances. By the time they are six or seven weeks old, babies can detect the difference between syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon, these differences in adult stress and intonation can influence babies’ emotional states and behavior. Long before they develop actual language comprehension, babies can sense when an adult is playful or angry, attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior, and so on, merely on the basis of cues such as the rate, the volume, and melody of adult speech. Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and found that, in all six languages, the mothers used simplified syntax, short utterances and nonsense sounds, anid transformed certain sounds into 356baby talk. Other investigators have noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old, they exaggerate the pitch, loudness, and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial expressions, hold vowels longer, and emphasize certain words. More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinction between speech sounds. In other words, babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language. Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input, too; even as young as nine months old they will listen to songs or stories, although the words themselves are beyond their understanding. For babies, language is a sensory-motor delight rather than the route to convey meaning that it often is for adults. Notes: ~ rattle (danh tix) Tae le (48 choi tré con). ~ utterance (danh tit) = 1di néi ra, 1ai phat bidu. ~ inflection (danh tir) = (4m nhac) sy chuyén digu. ~ syntax (danh tit) = (ng6n ngit hge) ei php. - piteh (danh tit) = 46 cao thép (giong n6i, 4m thank...) = note (d0ng tr) = chi ¥, hu ¥, nhan thay 1. The passage mainly discusses —_ A. how babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds BB. the differences between a baby’s and an adult’s ability to comprehend language how babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest tages of language development D. the response of babies to sounds other than the human voice 2. The author mentions a bell and a rattle in paragraph | in orderto___, ‘A. contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds B. give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry C. explain how babies distinguish between nonhuman sounds D. give examples of typical toys that babies do not like 3. The author mentions syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflection in order to A. demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions B. illustrate that a six-week-old baby can already distinguish some language differences C. provide an example of ways adults speak to babies D. give a reason for babies’ difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another 357“4. The word “noted” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _ ‘A.theorized —B. requested C. disagreed“ D, observed 5. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ; ‘A.mothers __B. investigation” C. babies D. words 6. All of the following are mentioned as ways adults use to modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT : A. giving all words equal emphasis B. speaking with shorter sentences C. speaking more loudly than normal D. using meaningless sounds 7. It.can be inferred from paragraph 2 that . ‘A. babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language B. mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways C. babies ignores facial expressions in.comprehending aural language D, the mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak 8. The point the author makes to illustrate that babies are bom with the ability to acquire languages is that A. babies begin to understand words in songs B, babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions C. babies are more sensitive to sounds than adults are D. babies notice even niinor differences between speech sounds 9. According to the author, babies listen to songs and stories even though they cannot understand them because A. they understand the rhythm B. they enjoy the sound . they can remember them easily D. they focus on the meaning of their parents’ words 10. All of the following are true about young babies EXCEPT that they ; AA. find pleasure from what they hear BB. use language the way adults do C. consider language as a source of joy D. enjoy listening to music without understanding it Reading 1.5 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer Sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. ‘A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, 358gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person’s tone. may indicate uncertainty or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the speaker's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy, lack of concer or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and/or gesture. ‘The motivation derived from the context, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political or pedagogic communication. Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person’s self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of the person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evideneed in the voice by free and melodie sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed. Notes: — belie (dng tix) = gay m6t dn tugng sai lim, lam cho nhim. intuitive (tinh tit) = thude vé trye gide. ~ fatigue (danh ti) = sy mét méi. discernible (tinh tit) = c6 thé nhin thite r0 cé thé théy 16. ~ acute (tinh tir) = sic sio, nhay bén. — empathy (danh ti) = (tam li hoc) sy thu cam. ~ pretentious (tinh ti) = ty phy, kiéu cing. ~ aggressive (tinh tir) = hay gay hn, hung hang. ~ exuberant (tinh tit) = ci mé, hd héi. ~ harsh (tinh tir) = gay git, cay nghiét. ~ pereeption (danh tt) = sy nhan thir. 1. The passage mainly discusses ‘A. the function of the voice in performance B. the connection between the voice and personality C. communication styles D. the production of speech 3592, By-stating: “At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings cover and above the words chosen...” the author means that A. feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are BB. the tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words C. ahigh tone of voice reflects an emotional communication D. feelings are more difficult to express than ideas 3. The word “here” in paragraph I refers to. A. interpersonal interactions _B, the tone C. ideas and feelings D. words chosen 4, The word “derived” in paragraph | is closest in meaning to A.discussed B. prepared CC. registered _‘D. obtained 5. The author mentions “artistic, political or pedagogic communication” A..as examples of public performance B. as examples of basic styles of communication C. to contrast them to singing D. to introduce the idea of self-image 6. According to the passage, a person’s exuberant tone of voice may indicate his/ her 5 A. general physical health B, personality C. ability to communicate D. vocal quality 7. According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide ___ A.hostility B. shyness. friendliness D. strength 8. The word “evidenced” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to . A.questioned B. repeated indicated. exaggerated 9. According to the passage, a constricted and harsh voice may indicate . A-exhaustion B. depression C. boredom —_D. anger 10. According to the passage, during their presentation, speakers may change their tone of presentation as a result of their perception of, A. listeners’ interest B. time allowance C. the location of the presentation D. their relationship with the listeners Reading 1.6 Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in 360