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PERSONS – 09/24/2020
LAW
 General/Abstract Sense – science of moral
rules, founded on rational nature of man
(derecho)
 Specific Sense – rule of conduct, just, obligatory
(ley)
Legal Positivism vs. Natural Law
 Natural Law – law is set of truths about
morality and justice; without aid of human
reason
 Legal Positivism – depends of source; laws are
simply rules that come from certain people in
accordance with certain procedures
Characteristics of Law
1. Rule of Human Conduct
2. Obligatory
3. Promulgated by Authority
4. General observance
Substantive Law – creates or defines rights
Remedial Law
Civil Law
 Org of Family, regulation of property
Civil Law vs. Common Law
 Common law system (80 countries) – UK, USA,
Canada, India; Civil Law system, (150 countries)
– France, Spain, rest of Europe, Philippines;
Islamic System – 3 great law systems
Main Difference
 In common law countries, case law - in the form
of published judicial opinions – is of primary
importance – judges make the law
 In civil law systems, codified statutes
predominate; legislature makes the law
 Judge Vitug: If the law needs to be changed, the
change comes from the judiciary (Common Law
countries); change comes from legislation (Civil
Law countries)
EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS
ART 1 – “This Act shall be known as the Civil Code of
the Philippines”
 60% of the Civil Code came from the Spanish
Civil Code (with changes)
 Changed because we needed to reflect Filipino
customs, values, and traditions
ART 2 – “Laws shall take effect after fifteen days
following the completion of their publication either in
the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general
circulation in the Philippines, unless it is otherwise
provided”
 Lapsed into law – either approved or vetoed by
the president
 General Rule: the law takes effect on the date
provided for by the law, a law will provide for its
own effectivity – most of the time
 Part Statute: Title, Definitions, Body, Repealing
Clause, Effectivity Clause
o Checked by Style Committee
 Article 2 applies if the law fails to provide for its
own effectivity
 1986 – President Aquino amended to include
newspapers of general circulation
 Official Gazette – official publication of the
Republic of the PH
o Contains laws, decided cases, rules and
regulations
 No law is going to be effective without
publication – due process = fairness
 Publication = Make known to the people
NOTES 09292020
ARTICLE 2
What happens is a law says that it is effective after
certain date but publish on that date?
It will not take effect Tanada v Tuvera
OCTOBER 1 effectivity but didn't publish. OCTOBER 10
publish - Takes effect only on october 10 Nearest date
to October 1. October 10 complies with tanada and
tuvera. Complies with the due process requirements.
Law shall take effect upon approval = It will take effect
on the publishing date.
What is news paper of general circulation in the
philippines?
can we publish law in the bandera, tableta
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News paper of general circulation - 3 elements -
Legal definition
1 contain and news and gen info
2 Bonafide list of paying subscribing
3 It comes out in regular intervals
Article 3 – Ignorance of the law Excuses no one from
compliance therewith.
Ignorantia legis neminem excusat
Reasons:
1. If laws will not be binding until they are actually
known, then social life will be impossible.
2. It is absurd to absolve those who do not know the law
and increase the obligations of those who know it.
3. It is almost impossible to prove the contrary, when a
person claims ignorance of the law.
4. In our conscience, we carry norms of right and wrong.
Everyone is now presumed to know law
This is absolute
There is a presumption that everyone knows the Philippine
Law.
No presumption of foreign law.
What laws covered?
 Only those of the Philippines
 Processual presumption – foreign law,
whenever applicable, should be proved by the
proponent thereof, otherwise, such law shall be
presumed to be exactly the same as the law of
the forum.
Mistake of fact – Ignorance or forgetfulness of the
existence or non-existence of fact important to the
creation of a legal obligation.
Mistake of law – when a party, having full knowledge of
the facts, comes to an erroneous conclusion as to their
legal effect.
Ignorance of fact may excuse a party from the legal
consequences of his conduct; but not ignorance of the
law
Presumption stands in the absence of evidence.
US v Achong
stabbed accidentally his roomate pulling prank on him.he
killed it.. he was aquitted.. he thought it was a robbery.
mistake of fact can be an excuse..mistake of law cannot be
excused
ARTICLE 4
Laws shall have no retroactive effect unless the contrary
is provided.
Q: Do laws have retroactive effect?
General Rule : Laws shall have no retroactive effect.
Required by due process(“the embodiment of the
sporting idea of fair play.”)
Exception to irretroactivity:
1. When the law itself provides (to include penal laws
favorable to the accused)
- Ex post facto laws
-Laws impairing the obligation of contracts
2. Remedial Statutes
3. Curative Statutes
4. Interpretative Statutes
5. Laws Creating new rights
Lex profisit - the law looks forward due process is nothing but
fairness
it is unfair to be required to follow a law that it is not yet
published.
General rules have exceptions
Exceptions
Ex post facto laws - after the fact
ginagawa nyang krimen ang isang bagay nung ginawa mo
ang isang bagay na hindi krimen.
Impairing obligations and contracts
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Remedial Statutes - the law which provides for the procedure
to impose your rights.
Curative statutes - trying to cure a defect an existing law
Interpretative statutes - function of congress to make
function of judge to interpret
If congress don't like the interpretation of judge.. they make a
law.
Laws creating a new rights exceptions - affect fixed or vested
rights.
example: nunga vs nunga jr as example.. before your parent
were illigitame.. use the mother
sen revilla passed a law using fathers surname if the father
like..
Permissive
 Mere matter of form, or which are not material
 Do not affect any substantial right
 Do not relate to the essence of the thing
Mandatory
 Relates to the matters of substance
 Affects substantial rights
 Are the very essence of the thing
MANDATORY AND DIRECTORY LAWS
Article 5. Acts executed against the provisions of
mandatory or prohibitory laws shall be void,
except when the law itself authorizes their validity
Violation of mandatory or prohibitory law renders act
illegal and void
Exceptions:
1. Where the violation does not refer to an essential
matter
2. The law makes the validity of the act depend upon
the consent of the party directly interested in the nullity
of such act
3. The law may declare the nullity of the act, but at the
same time, recognize its effects as legally existing
You can't violate a permissive Law
If you violate mandatory it is going to void
Ex
when i got married i used a different name.
iba sa marriage certificate..
walang bisa ang kasal ko.. the use of your name doesn't
effect the validity of marriage as long as it is the very same
person. Law does not recognized common law marriage.
people just live in together. it is void.
if you have children.. law recognized it.. rights.
nunga v nunga jr
law prohibits foreigners to become stockholders of rural bank
former filipino who became American
supreme court a new law giving a new right can be given
retro effect.
your problem is there is an exceptions.
if it will not affect vested rights..
substantive law creates rights.. it could actually waived.it
create obligations
active subject - person with the rights.
passive subject - person with the corresponding obligation.
Article 6. Rights may be waived, unless the waiver is
contrary to law, public order, public policy, morals, or
good customs, or prejudicial to a third person with a
right recognized by law
Elements of a right:
1. Subject (active and passive) real and personal
2. Object
3. Efficient cause (vinculum juris)
Kinds of rights
1. The rights of personality (human rights) – arise from
the fact of being a man
2. Family Rights – rights of a person as a member of the
family
3. Patrimonial rights – rights which have property for
their object
2 kinds of rights
real right - the passive subject is the whole right
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Passive Right - subject is a specific person
Ex
If Mr. Daga borrow money from Ms Beronio. Miss Beronio
can only get it to personal right because she can only get it to
Daga.
Real right.. passive is the owner of a cellphone, ownership is a
real right.indefinite possive subject.
usually relates to property and ownership. link to property
Object would be things and persons.
Efficient cause.. tie binds the active to passive subject.
WAIVER
Elements of a valid waiver:
1. He must have the right which he renounce
2. He must have capacity to make renunciation
3. The renunciation must be made in a clear and
unequivocal manner
4. The renunciation must not be contrary to law, public
order, public policty, morals or good customs, or
prejudicial to a third person with a law right recognized
by a law.
Waiver
-You cannot waive if you have no right
-waiver is contrary to human experience
samar transit vs
BAR QUESTIONS
we have the waiver of field trips.. elementary children
the parents signed a waive.. i am waiving my rights to
this waiver is invalid because it is contrary to public
policy.
ARTICLE 7
Repeal of repealing law
2nd law Expressly Repeals 1st law; then 2nd law is
repealed
-1st law is not revived unless expressly provided
2nd law IMPLIEDLY REPEALS 1st law; then 2nd law is
repealed
-1st law is revived unless expressly provided.
answer the questions up to when the law is effectivity
Three ways of law to lose effect
Repeal, expiration of the term, declaration of
unconstitutionality
Express repeal - congress makes laws, the power to make
laws implies the power to repeal laws
Implied repeal - judiciary is the one who says..
kailangan repugnant - they cannot stand together..
there is no statement that there is a laws to be repealed.
EXPIRATION OF TERM
ex. RA 11469 Bayanihan to Heal as One Act
- Section 9 of the law states that: This Act shall be
in force and effect only for three months, unless
extended by Congress.
Cromprehensive Agrarian Reform Law -this law expires
Compensation for Martial Law Victims
if the law doesn't provides for expiration, it continues
DECLARATION OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY
Hierarchy of laws
Constitution
Statutes
Administrative Acts, Orders and Regulations
Provincial, City, Municipal, Barangay Ordinances
Unconstitutionality - it never existed. -general rule
exeption - may gap becoming effective and it declaring it
unconstitutional
unconstituttional is last decision.
DOCTRINE OF OPERTIVE FACT
The Doctrine of operative fact recognizes the
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existence of the law or executive act prior to the
determination of its unconstitutionality as an
operative fact that produced consequences that
cannot always be erased, ignored or disregarded.
In short, it nullifies the void law or executive act
but sustains its effects.
Examples:
Rutter vs Esteban – RA No. 342, which continued
EO No. 32, issues by the then President Osmeña,
suspending the enforcement of payment of all
debts and other monetary obligations payable by
war surfferers.
Article 8. Judicial decisions applying or
interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall
form a part of the legal system of the Philippines.
Decision are not laws
-Must decision be published?
Doctrine of stare decisis – adherence to judicial
precedents; legal doctrine that obligates court to follow
historical cases when making a ruling on a similar case.
Stare decisis ensures that cases with similar scenarios
and facts are approached in the same way. Simply put,
it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous
decisions.
ARTICLE 9. No Judge or court shall decline to render
judgement by reason of the silence obscurity or
insufficiency of the laws.
duty of court to decide
instead the force of law
it would be law of force
legal research
stat con - insufficient to help in deciding construction
judge if the law is silent
RULES OF STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION
Article 10. In case of doubt in the interpretation or
application of laws, it is presumed that the lawmaking
body intended right and justice to prevail.
Article 11. Customs which are contrary to law, public
order or public policy shall not be countenanced.
Article 12. A custom must be proved as a fact,
according to the rules of evidence.
CUSTOM
Requisites of Custom; To have force of Suppletory
Rule.
1. Plurality of acts, or various resolutions of a juridical
question raised repeatedly in life;
2. Uniformity, or identity of the acts or various solutions
to the juridical questions;
3. General practice by the great mass of the social
group;
4. Continued performance of these acts for a long
period of time;
5. General conviction that the practice corresponds to a
juridical necessity or that it is obligatory; and
6. The practice must not be contrary to law, morals or
public order.
Computation of time
Article 13. When the laws speak of years, months, days
or nights, it shall be understood that years are of three
hundred sixty-five days each; months, of thirthy days;
days, of twenty-four hours; and nights from sunset to
sunrise.
If months are designated by their name, they shall be
computed by the number of days which they
respectively have.
In computing a period, the first day shall be excluded,
and the last day included.
RULE 22 – computation of time
Section 1. How to compute time –
-the day of the act or event from which the designated
period of time begins to run is to be excluded and the
date of performance included.
-if the last day of the period, as thus computed, falls on
a Saturday and Sunday, or a leagal holiday in the place
where the court sits, the time shall not run until the
next working day.
Section 2. Effect of Interruption – should an act be done
which effectively interrupts the running of the period,
the allowable period after such interruption shall start
to run on the day after notice of the cessation of the
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cause thereof. The day of the act that caused the

interruption shall be excluded in the computation of the
period.

NOTES 10012020

CONFLICTS OF LAW RULES

Conflict of law – the process of determining the applicable

law to resolve disputes between individuals, corporations
(and in some systems the state in certain contractual
relationships) in multi-jurisdictional cases and transactions.
-that part of the law of each State that determines whether
the law or judgement of some other State will be recognized
or applied in a factual situation involving a foreign element.

Statutory Contruction - interpret what was the intent of the

legislature
PHILIPPINES - can apply all laws in the PHILIPPINES
usually we allow other countries to apply its own laws

Article 14-17
Conflict of law rules foreign law should apply?
CIVIL CODE is a Domestic law
ARTICLE 14 GENERALITY AND TERRIToriality
have to follow philippine law
Canada officially legalizes marijuana..
Autria ok prostitution
CONFLICT OF LAW is misleading.. better term suggested CHOICE OF
LAW RULE
Ex
-divorce
-germany prosti is legal.. dito hindi pwede

A crimes against the people.. is a crime against the state

4 foreign procedural law.. foreign forcing
ARTICLE 15 - Talks about PERSONAL law
TREATY - can allow certain foreigns to be exempt
NATIONALITY is the basis of determining the personal laws of an
individual
Why do we need PERSONAL LAW?
inconvenient and difficult for a person to be single to one country
married to another country.. separated on another country..

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OPOSSING THEORY of PERSONAL LAW CAPACITY to SUCCEED - kakayahan na mag mana

1 based on nationality lex rey sitey
2. based on where you are living
WHEN IT COMES TO YOUR SUCCESSTION ITS YOUR COUNTRIES LAW
NATIONAL THEORY WILL APPLY
cannot marry abroad if you are married here void yund disqualification of will.. walang nadidisqualify..
nag abroad.. nagconvert sa ISLAMIC.. legal and may dalawang
asawa
pag dun sa SAUDI pwede.. dito DI PWEDE. article 15 mag aaply.
DOmiciliary - where you are living..
personal law in the place where you are residing.
Bakit may national at domicialiary - kasi iba iba ang country.
LOGICAL COLORALY - choice of law rule.. factual situation with a
foreign element.
COROLARY
what happens if foreigners are here?
will be govern by philippine law..
as to their status, condition and legal capacity - govern by foreign
law. their law.

ARTICLE 17
TALKS ABOUT THE FORM or SOLEMNITY of The contract.
yellow pad dapat sabi sa ibang country.
nilagay mo na bibigyan mo katulong.
ARTICLE 16 balikan. CAPACITY succession.
INTRISIC VALIDITY - governed by the National law.
ECSTRINSIC - panglabas.. anyo, the form and solemnity only
Contracts.. ganun din.
INTRINSIC - this contract shall be govern by the law of public
singapore.
ECSTRINSIC - lex loci celebriciones.
PASSIVE SUBJECT –DEBTOR
ARTICLE 16, LEX RAE CITY

ARTICLE 16
NOT ONLY IN REAL PROPERT BUT ALSO PERSONAL PROPERTY
lex rey sitey
because of public property considerations..
succession - is a mode of aquiring ownership of a property, rights
obligations
how - death..
TWO KINDS OF SUCEED
testamentary successions - by the name itsel.. last will and
testatment.
person dies with a last will and testament.. very few people ang nag
will
85% less than $10,000
INTESTATE - no last will
FOR both - intestate and testametary
sino ba ang magmamana? order or succession.
amount of successional rights? magkano matatangap ng
tagapagmana
QUESTIONS OF INTRINSIC VALIDITY? pamanahan ang kabit? ang
aso?

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HUMAN RELATIONS
new chapter
doesn't exist in the spanish civil code
ARTICLE 19 - BAR EXAMS - passed the exams
BAR 8 subjects in 4 Sundays
In order to pass the bar. you have to get an average of 75%
Crim 10
Civl 15
Consti 15
TX 10
Remidial 20
Legal ETHICS 5
adding all - have to get 75% - grade lower than 50% on each subject
disqualified
ang nagtotop sa bar nasa 85-86% every point counts. di pwede blank
what if di mo maalala ang sagot.

ARTICLE 19...

ARTICLE 18
INSUFFICIENCY
CONTINUE WITH HUMAN RELATIONS

======================================================
NOTES 10022020

ARTICLE 1-28 -- apply if there is no specific rules..

a right - if you are the active subject, passive subject has to suffer
your demand.
if a person is excersing his right. there is no one legaly in damage..
damage withou injury
damnum absque injuria
because you are excersing your right.
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RIGHT of Way - di sila pwedeng makialam sex because a promise to marry her. sex for 1 year multiple
or nakuhanan sila ng lupa nabawasan ng property.. because it is occasions.
your right. became pregnant.. the only reason to marry because
there is not such thing as abuse of right. 1 year sex clearly because of the promise.. because of voluntary and
if you have right.. which you exercise in badfaight. solely to injure mutual
another passion.
your right disappeard There is no liability..
for lack of a better words.. abuse of rights...
19-20 ARTICLES connected.
ARTICLE 19-20-21 - kapag walang katwiran ka-bayaran mo!
COCA-COLA
ask for a list of customers..
after getting. pirate his customers..
they undercut their own distributors.
that is an abuse of right..
UE VS hader
it cuts close to home. involve a law student.
TAKES up a practice court during 4th year. the prof failed to send the
grades
on time.
candidate for graduated.
cannot
filed against UE
COURT - ruled against the law school student or UE..
UE abuse of right. contrary to rights, morals good customs
LAWYERS - there is no ROMEO HADER =================================
ABUSE of right can be committed by juridical person even
corporations.
WASMER v VELEZ
they promise to marry each other
planned their wedding
invitations ok
cater ok
wedding is set
matrimonial bet had been purchased.
everything is ready

3 days b4 the wedding.. suddenly goes to CDO cagayan

sends a telegram.. had to go home.. mother objects...
the day before wedding. everything OK..
file for action for dammage to VELEZ.. runaway groom..
there is no such thing as breach of action to marry.. can't file a case
however, when the breaking of the promise is contrary to morals or
ARTICLE 22
good customs.
article 2154 - solution indebiti - receive by mistake
it falls into Art 21.. liable for damages..

Backsh v court of appeal

promised to marry a waitress.. he is a medical student..
he promises to marry her.
bring the foreigner home. slept together.
after that, become cold.. and showed to the waitress
files action against that..
court - used to seduce someone. ARTICLE 21

TANJANCO v COurt of appeals

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ACT 23 LIABILITY WITHOUT FAULT

no case yet in supreme court.

ARTICLE 26
general human of relations.
4 acts which produce a cause of action.
right to file a case..damages, prevention, T
important - the 4 are merely ilustrative examples.
not exclusive grounds for filing a case under article 26
husband and wife tenant of a widow
became partners of business
brother of deceased husband.. hoy kabit ka daw.. nung aking sister in
law.
the defense .. dahil dun napahiya ang lalaki..
file a case in court. brother in law defense..
this is not, exclusive.. the following and similar acts..kasama..
HING CASE.
nilagyan ng CCTV ng yung kanyang shop.. pero nkatutok sa
kapitbahay
naghahanap ka ng evidence sa iyong kaso para sa land grabbing.
ARTICLE 24 Article 26.. prying into the privacy of another's residence.
UNDERDOG for the underdog.. office yun.. - similar acts.. not exclusive..
if a person is an underdog.. court should be vigilant for their expeted privacy.
protection. ikaw ay public ang privacy ay limited ang iyong right kesa sa private
just be vigilant.. doesn't gurantee win person.
not limited to this acts.. these and other acts.

ARTICLE 25
basically, TRO temp res
permanent injuction
files or DSWD or Private charitable insitution
prevent peaole become restless.
no case with this on court yet

ACTIcle 27
malficanse

nonfiasence - refusal without neglect

file damage for

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without prejudice 29-35 - not included in the bar exams in civil law.. more on remedial
in 1950 rather done
when the civil code was passed.. public servant. refusing to perform civil law.
their duties. relief on violation of rights.
duty ng immigration officer.. tignan ang dadating..
pero pinpalusot lahat.. 29 a bit old.
you can file against a public..
Homicide.. somebody masacre 2 nursing graduates and cousin in
caloocan
charges of murder being bought.. the realtives parents suffered
damages.

kill you and shoot you. you survive..

crime against RP person who lost the item

no private person injured during the crime.. sometimes..

ILLEGAL POSSESION> no private person were injured.. only criminal

liability.

29 - wehen criminal case is filed.. the civil case is already included in

the
criminal case..
homecide cases.. fiscal present the widow.. kahit di sya present sa
ARTICLE 28 crime.
UNFAIR competition. para maipakita ung sufferring.. ung gastos. all of these are
damages.
coca bottlers.. Today, when the accused is acquitted.. you cannot file civil case is
kukunin ung sariling distributor na customers already included.
civil action is deemed impliedly instituted in criminal case.
if the judge aquits the accused, judge can rule on Civil liabilities.
If the accused is acquitted.. BP22. but he is ordered to pay the
READ 29-36
amount of the check.
37-51 - we should be able to finish that on tuesday..
civil - mere preponderance of evidence.

Notes 10062020 if the court didn't ruled - motion for clarification -

ARTICLE 30
CRIMINAL CASE - PROOF BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT
CIVIL CASE NALANG Pag di kaya ng criminal case beyond reasonable
doubt
mere proponderance lang ang kailangan lang.

nabanga ang bus sa poste.. you can file criminal case for wreckless
imprudence
resulting in injury

or civil action for damages against the driver.. ang kailangan mo

lang is mere
propendorance of evidence.

what happens if you file a separate civil case?

criminal is instituted.
INDEPENDENT CIVIL ACTIONS CRIMINAL CASE IS SUPERIOR
DEPENDENT CIVIL ACTION.
ARTICLE 29 has been left behind IF CRIMINAL CASE IS FILED. Bago magpatuloy ang civil case.
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dalawa ang option. file a civil case.. wait until criminal case is over This is to ensure that judges will not be harassed.
OPTION 2 isama ang Criminal Case and civil case.
Deemed impliedly instituted in criminal case.

ARTICLE 31
Based on Obligation..
BUS.. bangag ang driver dhil nakashabu
nahalian ka ng kamay.. naospial ka
pwede mo kasuhan ng civil case ang driver
most people wont do that..
kaso walang pera driver..
you file a civil case against breach of contract.. para ang magbayad
yung company.
Fiscal files criminal case against the driver. reckless imprudence..

ARTICLE 33 also an independent civil action

Defamation, fraud and physical injuries. - in the ordinary sense.
Defamation - slander, lahat ng paninira
Fraud - lahat ng panloloko.. swindlin
Physical injuries.. - lahat ng crimen na may Physical injuries..

ARTICLE 34 is a dead provision.. BURAHIN na.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL PHILIPPINES.
wala na tayong police force sa municipal

ARTICLE 27 pag ayaw magperform ng PNP.

=========================
ano advantage? menos ang kaso pag magkasama na ang civil and
criminal
pangalawa.. ang prosecutor na ang lawyer.. di mo na kailangan ng
iba..

May option to separate the civil case.

we don't want to focus on criminal case.
civil case is suspended until criminal is finished.

criminal kaya may private prosecutor is because of the civil case is

included.
if you separte.. you cannot go in the private prosecutor.

INDEPENDENT CIVIL ACTION.

ARTICLE 32 INDEPENDENT CIVIL ACTION

Violation of constitutional rights.
file civil case separately..

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today wala na

if during civil action.. if may criminal na finile.. massupend si civil..

mas maganda maconsolidate nalang sila.. option mo un.

civil liablility iwaive.

separating civil liability
consolidated civil case with criminal case.
DEPENDT AND INDEPENDENT>

ARTICLE 35
if you feel that you are a victim of a crime, there is a procedure
hindi lahat ng supposed crimes ay naiffile sa court. why, because
there is a
screening process.. we have
to ensure only cases public prosecutors think goes to court.
nagkainumna.. maingay.. kapitbahay binato.. nagalit ang nagiinom..
nagbatuhan ng bote.
sa police paunahan magfile.. attempted murder.
basketball nagkainitan.. nagkasuntukan.. maya maya nagkakasuhan
na ng attempted murder.
naglalaba doon sa kalsada.. tamang tama may dumadaan tinatapon
ung tubig.
akala sinadya at nagaway.. nagsambunutan.. nagfile na ng
attempted murder.

fiscal magfifile.. mukhang tanga lang..

inisscreen nila para makita kung may merit talaga.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION. -
complaint affidavit sa fiscal
fiscal papasagutin ang kabila.. counter affidavit
based on complaint and counter.. fiscal decision kung iffile.. THAT"S
PI
reply affidavit.. rejoin affidavit.
based on the evidence of complainant and respondent.. magiisip si
FISCAL
drug bust.. caught in the act.. direct
magiinquest parin.. or magkakaroon parin ng preliminary
investigation.

nirerecommend ni fiscal sa court.. para magtuloy..

if fiscal believes if there is insufficient evidence.. fiscal dismiss

pag hindi inaccept aakyat ka..

Option 1 motion of reconsideration if denied..
file sa secretary of justice pag nagkamali si piskal. para mareverse.
problem is isa lang ang Secreatry of Justice..

the other option.. noong araw.. MTC judge.. pwedeng magprelimiary

investigation

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ARTICLE 36 - oposite of criminal

pag nagkakasabay sila.. the civil suspended.. the criminaal capacity to act - acquired - eto nawawala hindi lang

prejudicial question is a reveverse.. suspended ang criminal pag may NATURAL PERSONS
prejudicial question.
previously instituted civil action.

issue similar in the subsequent criminal action

the resolution of such issue determine the criminal action to proceed.

noong araw.. prejudicial question ang bigamy.

kakasuhan ang lalake kasi nagpakasal ulit.

kapag dalawa ang kasal mo, you cannot determine for your self that
your first null
and void.. kailangan ipadeclare mo muna..

magandang example..
deed of sale ng lupa
somebody sale his land.. nabenta ng iba.
ung taong nagbenta, sabi nya may deed of sale ako mula sa owner.
original pinapa anul ung deed of sale ng Seller..
the owner cannot file falsification of docs against seller
doon papasok na kaialangan civil question muna.. or prejudicial
question
bago tumuloy ang criminal case.

criminal case delay favors the accuse.

tapos na..
======================================

PERSONS

any being which has rights and obligations..

two kinds.
natural and juridical

POSITION and CLASS in to society.

STATUS

Political - voting, suffrage..

CIVIL STATUS -
postition in society - citizen foreigner
member of a family - single married, widowed, divorced,
eldest, youghest
self - minor, age, mental condition sane insane, sex

you cannot sell in alienable your status

ASPECt of civil
juridical capacity - pagkapanganak - nawawala lang kapag namatay
- nageexist kahit
wala kang capacity to act.
14
15

ARTICLE 38

18 majority age.. 4 days before your age..

imbecility - congenital. mula pagkabata.. may depecto na sa pagiisip
before - idiots, imbecile..embicile. retartd.. the r word.. you should
not supposed it.
imbecility - special needs children

DEAF MUTE - 1950s meron pa impression na may kulang sa pagiisip

mo.
deaf mute wala sa mental capacity,
PRODIGALITY - being spending so much of your assets you expose
your self and dependents
to poverty. masyadong magastos.
CIVIL INTERDICTION - lose to right to manage the property.. to
marital authority.. etc.
all of these happens only to NATURAL PERSONS.
walang minor na corporation.. walang minor municipality.. walang NATIONAL PERSONS
prodigal partnership. ARTICLE 40
pang NATURAL PERSON LANG ang article 38.. Birth - in order to become a person.. you have to be born.
all of these are restrictions on capacity to act. if you are not born, you will not become a person.
but its only a restriction. di sila exempt sa certain obligations. di pa pinapanganak, favorable sa featus..
in fact, article 38 when it talks about restrictions on capacity to act.
refers to act on NATURAL PERSON.. ARTICLE 41
what are source of oblication.. - law, quasi contracts,
contracts,crimes, quasi delicts. x and y marry each other
hindi pwede pumasok sa contrat kasi minor on the 5th month of pregnancy - namatay si X.. 4 months later
notice if a minor person, a child inherits a piece of property. may pinanganak.. makakapag mana ba sya? oo makakapg mana.. kasi
right of way favorable sa child.
granted.. minor kailangan iobserve parin un. complete deliver - umbbilical cord pinutol. basta naputol na.
pag less than 7 months.. it is not born.. kailangan mabuhay sya 24hrs
ARTICLE 39 MODIFICATION para maging person.
modify or limit capacity to act. INTRA - UTERINE
ung penalty, alianage,
applicable sa JURIDICAL PERSON. 7 or more.. less than 7
alianage, absence, insolvency and trusteeship - pwede sa juridical
person IT depends..

ABSENCE - technical term PROVISIONAL

a perosn has disapear - we do not know if he is dead or alive
15
16

ARTICLE 42. DEATH

actual-talagang patay
presumptive death - ipinapalagay na patay - pwede pang mabawi
pag nagpakita na ulit

Latest case on death.

Continental Steel case - nagkaroon sila ng negotiate.. union.. with
the company
collective bargaining agreement. company and union.. if the
depended of the employee
died.. employee may death penalty.

one of the employees.. pregnant.. suffered a miscariage.

employee filed for death benefits. ayaw ng companya.. fetus is not a
person.
lumapit sa union.. sabi ng union bayaran..
sabi ng arbiter.. magbayad kayo.
inapela sa corte hanggang supreme court.. magbayad kayo.. ayaw
ng kumpanya

SC ruled.. birth determined personality..

kaya lang, you don't talk about death here.. hindi naman karapatan
ng featus..

16
17

if the dependent dies.. the employee gets..

hindi nyo naman sinabi death of a person.. death of a dependent..
even a featus can die.. in this case the featus dies..

the only take away.. not only person die. even a featus..

next meeting proof of death.. thursday..

continue reading.. citizen ship, family code..

ARTICLE 43

EX.
father and son, ride on a taxi and then while the taxi is travelling
along edsa
an airplane crushes on them.
if they are rushed to hospital. 1 of them dies after 1 hour..
if the SON dies

IF THE AIRPLANE CRUSH ON THEM THEY BOTH DEAD

we cannot determine died first.. in the absence at the same time..

THIS ONLY APPLIES TO PERSONS TO SUCCEED EACH OTHER

IF not successiion
rules of court shall govern
section 3 of rule 111

Juaquin vs navarro
2nd world war. battle of manila
you had the father.. the mother their son, the wife of the son 2
daugthers
and a neighbor.
looking for a place to take shelter.. they see a concrete building..
the German club.. they join other filipinos in there.
there were japanese snipers outside the buildin
2 daughters died
set the building on fire.. choice.. stay and burn or run and get shot.
They decide to run for it. the mother refuses to leave the building
anymore.
FATHER, SON WIFE AND THE NEIGHOBR - rushed out of the building.
shots are fired.. son falls down.. neighbor gets shot pretends to be
dead.
BUILDING gets burdown..
neighbor sees father and daughter in law..
eventually they died and shot by japanese
legitimate child and natural child ng mother.. nagaaway sa mana..
notice, wala problema sa pagkmatay.
if the mother dies ahead.. divided in 1/2

17
18

1/2 share of the mother.. would have gone to the son.. because
mother died..
to the son..

MOTHER DIED. FATHER 1/2 -

BAR EXAM
there is no proof died at the same time..
if not the question of succcession - difference..

THE SON IS 45
FATHER 65
sumakay ng taxi nabagsakan ng eroplano
no proof sino namatay
1 million in properties father
1 million in properies son
million life insurance - for son and the father..

FATHER who gets his property - no transmission of rights.. goes only

to the mother.
1 million ng SON - no transmission of rights.. - 1/2 sa mother, 1/2
wife.

insurance for the father - son..

no benificiary indicated - legal heirs.
insurance is not a question of succession..
RULES OF COURT - 1 person between 15 and 60
1 million nya na insurance policy.. sa anak.. 1 million hati ung nanay
at asawa.. ART 46 - 47
insurance ng SON - hati din sila ng nanay.. at asawa.
JURIDICAL PERSON.. theory of special capacities.
we don't talk about death.. we talk about dissolution.
JURIDICAL PERSON - CREATION DESOLUTION
MADE BY LAW. state - if one of the requisites doesn't exists.
YUGOSLAVIA no longer exists - wala na elements.. naghati hati na..
NATURAL PERSONS - BIRTH AND DEATH serbia, etc..

HOW TO BECOME A STATE political subdivisions. - created by law.. disolution of law.

PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT property - look at the law..
SOVERINITY DOTC - wala na sila.. napunta sa DOTC - DOTr
TERTOR
CORPORATIONS - 50 years but can extend
CREATION CORP pertual existence.. bago
but shareholders can be RA11232
PARTNERSHIP - moment meeting of the minds.. to contribute money
etch.. to a common PARTNERSHIP - look at the civil code.. there is the dissolution.
fund, divide the profits. articles of incorpration.

you already have partnership.. CITIZENSHIP AND DOMICILE

EX. REAL PROPERTY - put it on public instrument.. nakasulat and
notarized. AMERI - whosolly wanted to attract people..

SEC - register property.. even if you didn't register partnership.. it still IF your father is an american.. it doesn't mean that your american..
exists. pero, if your american, regardless of where you are born.
FATHER could have children without him knowing.
18
19

4 naturalized in accordance with law..

applying for naturalization.
congress can pass a law to declare you a filipino

You can loose filipine citiship if you are citizen on the foreign.
RENOUNCE

DUAL CITIZENSHIP
MARRY ALIENS>. RETAINS CITIZENSHIP

DUAL ALEGIANCE - is difference from citizenship. accident.

it said that dual citizens cannot run for local position.

1 person owing duties to dual state..

DOMICILE - sometimes domicile important also.

PLACE OF THEIR HABBITUAL
domicile is different with residence
RESIDENCE - physical
domicile - whenever absent he wish to return
is the place with which settle connection for certain legal purposes

DOMICILE - lahat may domicile..

1
2
3

next meeting..
FAMILY CODE
articles 1-49
WHO ARE CITIZENS OF THE PHILIPPINES first 10 articles family code.. 1-26
SECTION 1 - ARTICLE 4
1 instutition is a mechanism of social order. with clearly defined roles.
2 youll notice, even if you are illegitamte child, MARRIAGE - HUSBAND and WIFE..
FPJ is an illigitmate child. civil law - sumusunod sa mother and citizen STATUS
ship. FOUNDATION OF FAMILY SHOULD BE PROTECTIVE
this is political law.. whether your illigitimate or not.. basta nanay at
tatay mo DOUBT IF THERE IS VALID AND VALID. marriage
ay Filipino.. pilipino ka na. we have to say it is valid.. protecting the marriage..
1935 CONSTI - ang nakalagay - those whos fathers are citizens of the
philippines.
unang panahon, kapag tatay mo filipino.. foreigner ka
pag father foreign.. nanay pilipino.. - FOREIGNER ka. under 1935
NAGREKLAMO ANG MGA NANAY
January 17, 1973 binago yung rule.. bagong consti.. those whose
fathers or
mothers are citizens of the Philippines..

11:55PM nanganak sya January 16, 1973. mother pinoy.. father

foreign..
may kakambal 12:01 january 17, 1973.. PINOY

3 to correct the situtation on number 2.. Dead Law na sya..

1973 - legal age 21 - age of majority.
19
20

20
21

Notes 10092020

FAMILY CODE

ARTICLE 1 of FAMILY CODE

MARRIAGE

Marriage is a status..
it is a social a social instuttion
is a SPECIAL CONTRACT - because of permanent union.. life sentence

under the law..

envisions - if you have to want a family you got tobe married.

unang panahon.. mariage is your license if to sex.

ESSENTIAL REQUISITES -intrinsic calidity

FORMAL REQUISITES - extrinsic validity

ESTRINSIC VALIDITY and INTRINSIC VALIDITY

EST - FORMS and Solemnities of
INT - lex loci intention, will

==================================
MEMORIZE ESSENTIAL and FORMAL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
pagdating sa bar exam 15% CIVIL LAW..

21
22

CIVIL LAW exams.. around 40% questions is PERSON and FAMILY ESSENTIAL REQUISITES -intrinsic calidity - problem here is a BIG
relations PROBLEM - defect. void
basically.. FORMAL REQUISITES - extrinsic validity - problem here - we call this
================================== mere irregularity
the marriage remain valid. parties may held liable for this..

LEGAL CAPACITY -
answers the question who can get married?
ARTICLE 1, 2 and 5.. emphasize on MAN and WOMAN, MALE and
FEMALE
HETEROSEXUAL relationship.
SILVERIO v REPUBLIC and REPUBLIC v CAGANDAHAN

walang batas na nagsasabi na magpacorrect ng Birth Cert.

sex of a person is determined at birth, visually done by the birth
attendant.

SILVERIO v REPUBLIC - sex change

REPUBLIC v CAGANDAHAN - congenital hyper - may male and female

hormones..
characteristics
more male hormones than female hormones..
Birth Cert Corrected..
Grants Suppreme Court.
halos pareho ng silverio. sa cagandahan..
respondent here.. has simple let take nature its course and has not
taken unnatural steps.

TAKE away from two cases

you can change your sex if it is natural..

ARTICLE 4 the absence of any essential

22
23
AGE
UNDER 18 - bawal. kahit may parents considered
MALE and FEMALE - 18 years atleast
RELATIONSHIP
Article 37 - incestuous marriage.
ascendants, decendants.
why, because of the very close genetics between these parties.
pag close.. malaki ang posibility ng genetic abnormality
Article -38
Marriage voide for reason of public policty
by consanguinity not by affinity
How do you count degrees
relationship is measured by the number of degrees
1 gen is 1 degree.
Father and child 1 degree.. isang linya..
LOLO at APO.. nasagitna ang magulang. 2 degrees. dalang linya..
pababa
APO sa tuhod.. 3rd degree
PATAAS at PABABA DIRECT LINE - ACCENDANTS and DECENDANTS of
ANY DEGREE - di pwede pakasalan.
ARTICLE 38 - talks about collateral
RELATIVES - common ancestor
KAPATID MO - brother or your sister.. common ancestor is your
parents.
brother is 2nd degree colateral relative.
nephew or niece.. go to your magulang 1.. brother sister.. 2..
pamangkin 3rd degree
colateral relative. anak ng pamangkin mo 4th degree..
Uncle or Aunt -1 to father or mother.. grandparents 2. uncle 3rd
degree..
1st cousin is a 4th degree colateral relative.
you can't marry your 1st cousin. by reason of public policy..
2nd cousin.. pwede na.. 6th civil degree na..
UNDER THE LAW.. you talk to relatives.. ayaw parin.
Sa ibang bansa.. don't make it void.. in fact sa middle east.. they
promote
BETWEEN step-parents and step-children - hindi parin pwede..
BETWEEN parents in law and children in law - manugang and
byenan..
adopting parent and adopting child - like a child.
9) pinatay mo asawa nya.. para mapangasawa ka..
article 38 is exclusive
kahit pareho sya sa pinagbabawal. kung hindi sya nakalaista dito
valid sya.
EX.
between adopted child and iligitimate child.. of the adopter. pwede
X adopts A, Y adopts B.. XY married.. si A and B pwede.
they are not included in article 38..
(9)
====================================================
23
24

SUBSISTING MARRIAGE
NO SUBSISTING MARRIAGE
ARTICLE 41
pag kasal ka na.. hindi ka na pwede magpakasal
VOID BIGAMOUS WEDDING.. marriage is a life sentence.
this is a general rule.. may exeption
essential and formal requisites and marriage..

NOTES 10132020

ART 41
kapag kasal na at kinasal.

BIGAMY

exeption
if before the
prior spouse 4 consecutive years absent

file a summary proceeding in court - presumptive death.. for remarry

ipinapalagay lang na patay..
VALID BIGAMOUS MARRIAGE - we are not really sure but his
absence.. whereabout is unknown.

REQUIREMENTS:
Spouse disappeared - 4 consecutive years
well founded belief that it is death
filed a summary proceeding in court - presumtive death
If you failed this, the marriage will be null and void. kailangan
meron declaration sa court ng presumptive rule

general rule.. kapag nawawala ang isang tao.. hindi kailangan

magfile ng presumptive death
except for re-marriage.. summary proceeding - mabilisan..

24
25

even if it just summary proceeding - kaialangan mo parin ng well

founded belief na patay na ung
spouse

REP V ORCELINO
NAG FILE NG PRESUMPTIVE DEATH>> pumayag si trial court.. di
payag si OSG
SOLICITOR GENERAL CONTESTING THE DECISION OF TRIAL COURT
SUPREME COURT - present spouse must have a well founded belief..
requires the present spouse.. his belief.. kailangan may reasonable
efforts
ACTIVE EFFORTS

Hindi pwede ung mere absent lang.. hindi pwede ung basta lang
kayo naghiwalay..

Spouse that is present who can file petition.

REPUBLIC V SARENOGON 783 SCRA 615

summary proceedings - immediately final and executory
WALANG APPEAL ARTICLE 43 - GET FAMILIAR - PAG NAGPA ANNUL ETO DIN
KAILANGAN. - MEMORIZE
-Kailangan ng petition certiori.
lahat ng decisions ng lower courts pwedeng mareview. RULE 65 1) pag buntis na pag nag appear legitimate ka na.
petition for Cetiorari
2) kailangan paghatian ang pagaarian

3)

4)

5)

WHEN IN SPOUSE IN BAD FAITH

if he knew that the absent spouse was not actually absend.. was
actually a live..

KIM AND GERALD ARE MARRIED

gerald is a soldier
jake friend in love with kim

gerald and jake soldier.. they are in forest

ARTICLE 42 nahuli si gerald hinuli ng abusayaf.. dahil kay jeff.

What will happen if the spouse returns.
SUBSEQUENT MARRIAGE shall be automatically terminated..
AFFIDAVIT of REAPPEARANCE - civil registrar..
pag walang nag file.. walang termination..
WHO CAN FILE
at the instance of any interested person.. Parents, children..
SWORN STATEMENT.. shall be recorded in the civil registry of the
residence of the
parties to the subsequent marriage
bumalik si jeff.. hindi daw nya alam ngyari.
after 2 years.. nagfile si kim ng presumptive death..
kasi hindi nya alam nangyari kay gerald..
si jake is in badfaith.
if makalabas si gerald.. the subsequent marriage is
badfaith si jake.. lahat ng donations mawawala..
kahit sa insurance police irevokable.. marerevoke dahil badfaith
2nd marriage is still valid for a time..

25
26

doesn't say that marriage is void..

ARTICLE 44..
If both acted in bad faith.. - VOID.
both of them knew all along.. go back to general rule 41.. shall be
void.

if only one of them is bad faith.. you have a valid 2nd marriage..
pag isa lang nakakaalam ng katotohanan.. it is still valid..
pag dalawa nakakaalam - VOID

MEMORIZE article 43 -

THIS IS FOR CAPACITY TO CONTRACT MARRIAGE

CENOMAR - punta ka sa PSA

BUMALIK
ARTICLE 36

ang problema dito ay.. nalalaman mo lang kapag psychological

incapacity kapag

26
27

nagpakasal ka na.. before hand meron diperensya hindi ka na PERSONALITY DISORDERS ayon sa DSM-5 - identified by american
magpapakasal.. psychiatrist assoc.
DSm 1 DSM 2 - nakalagay pa ang homosex at lesbi..
Normally nalalaman na Psyhological incapacity is pag kasal na.. yun binawi hindi na daw mental disorders
ang theory natin. DSM-5
may mga symptoms.. may checklist sila.. pag meron ka..
ONLY AFTER THE MARRIAGE nalalaman.. SUFFICIENTLY PROVEN BY EXperts -
how this proven by experts..
most people who goes to lawyers kapag may problema na.. kapag the experts conducts tests..
wala pang problema di pa psychiatric exams..
pupunta sa abogado.
the best time to go to a lawyer, when there is no problem yet.. so you 6)OBLIGATIONS OF HUSBAND AND WIFE
avoid problems
later. 7)separation of church and the state..
you can file annulment in the church.. pero not binding.. separtion.
People sizeable amounts to lawyers because they have big problems pero madalas kapag nanalo ka sa catholic church.. mas malamang
already. panalo ka din
kasi given great respect.
PHILIPPINES WE DONT HAVE Divorce..
most people want to get out marriages is psychologial incapacity.
Children still legitimate..
710 2082 8859
pero pwede magremarry kahit ideclare sya na Psychological
3XkSBI incapacitated.

SUPREME COURT - limited to the most serious psycological disorders. kahit sino sa spouses pwede mag punta para magdeclara ng Pysc
kailangan memorize ang 3 elements of Psycological capacity incapacitated..
MEMORIZE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! kahit yung mismong may mental problem.
1- GRAVITY -
2- juridical Antecedence - kailangan even before the marriage.. the trend right now is, both of the parties are psychological
3. Incurability - if it is curable.. kaialngan i cure.. incapacitated.
IN all the bar exams involving psychological
all of them masasagot ng tatlong ito
military officer.. they have romance .. nagpakasala sila.
kapag nastation sya sa ibang lugar. ung asawa nya nakikipag affair NOTES 10152020
sa ibang lalaki
ang testigo ung driver and katulong..
may doctor na nagtestify na may problema sa utak ung asawa nya..
so anong proof of antecedence.. so we cannot grant while it was
grave
while it was incurable.. pero walang atecendence
violente nambubugbog ng asawa.. walang proof na ganun even
before

MOLINA GUIDELINES 268 SCRA 198 - MEMORIZE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

3-4-5 - gravity antecedence incurability

apat nalang memorize mo

what is this?

1) belongs to the petitioner.. kailangan nya mapatunayan.

LEgal capacity - health part of it.
2) psycological disorders - Kaialangan may pangalan ang sakit..
ARticle 45
medically identified.
DSM-5
27
28

Marriage is a contract - meeting of minds of 2 persons 4 obtained by force.. consent has to be freely given and in the
there must be an agreement prescense
there must be consent. of solemnizing officer

SPECIAL REQUISITES of marriage.

ARt 1. ARTICLE 3
Article 1305 FORMAL REQUISITES OF MARRIAGE.

IT has to be freely given. CONTACT DALAWA - EXTRINSIC - FORMAL REQUISITES

Must be in the prescense of solemnizing officer. INTRINSIC

Dito sa pinas walang common law marriage - ibig sabihin they took
each
other as Husband and wife.. but not in the prescense of solemnizing
officer.
LIVE IN - void yan dito sa pilipinas..
1) Solemnizing Officer - sino ang may authority na magsolemnize ng
marriage.
3)ARTICLE 31 - at the point of death.
4)article 32 - at the point of death

LOCAL government court - Municipal/City Mayor shall solemnized

(ARTICLE 7 of the ffamily code)

Art 45. pag may defect ang consent.. nagiging void ang marriage.

mas mabigat ang psychological capacity

Who can solemnize
-Judiciary/Mayor - pareho silang representative ng state.
(3)Fraud.. consent must be freely given
dahil pareho sila, pareho ang kanilang power.
Judicaiary - must be incumbent

28
29

SC, CA, RTC, MTC, SANDIGAN BAYAN, Court of tax appeals - sila lahat who are the members of the judiciary.. it is appointed by the pres.
ay pwede
magkasal.
Yung sa mga baranga Justice - hindi sila pwede..

RELIGOIOUS SOLEMNIZING OFFICERS.

-duly authorized by religoious sect -

any two person can put up their own religion - meron leader and
meron follower.

-registered with civil registrar general

-acting within the limits of the written authority granted by his

church or
religios sect

-at least one of the contracting parties belogs to the solemnizing

Mayor and Judiciary - incumbent and within their jurisdiction.
NAVARRO v DOMAGTOY
BESO V Daguman
-judge solemnizing their marriage outside the jurisdiction...
ART 3 - absence of a formal requisites renders the marriage void.
kung di na incumbent wala na silang kapangyarihan.
mayor of pasig solemnize the marriage in manila..
what happens to the marriage?
the marriage is valid.. sabi ng SC.. meron lang irregularity.
irregularity does not affect the validity of the marriage..
pero may administratively discipline sila.. ung mga gagawa na tao..
NAVARRO v DOMAGTOY
officer's
churg or religious sect.
Under ARTICLE 7
3) ship captain or airplane - it can be at the port..
basta at the point of death.. articulo mortis.
hindi kailangan mamatay.. kailangan lang na parang mamatay na.
if they survive their marriage is still valid.
When? if the voyage has not began.. hindi parin pwede magkasal..
pag sa depature lounge? hindi parin pwede.
Voyage begins, when you are allowed to board.
kahit paakyat ka palang ng hagdan.. the voyage has began

SC -nationwide. IMPORTANTE ART 17 CIVIL CODE

Sandigan bayan - nationwide ang sabi.. the forms and solemnities of contracts are governed
C of Tax Appeals - nationwide in the place they are executed.. lex loci..
CA - depende sa lugar. pag lumabas valid kaya lang administratively forms - extrinsic
liable. formal requisite - extrinsic
and so on..
hongkong marriage in the lounge.. depends on the law in hongkong.
29
30

not only during sailing. or in flight.. pwede rin sa stopover - basta sa

pilipinas
ang territory.
NOTES 10162020

What happens if the ship is international waters..

it depends if it philippine registered aircraft.
if nandun sa hongkong.. edi sa hongkong.

whether or passenger or crew pati ung stowaway.. kasama parin..

Whenever there is a doubt.. we have to resolve the doubt in favor of

validity
of marriage.

4)MILITARY COMMANDER - articulo mortis.. has to bee a

commissioned officer..
only officers can be commanders to which a chaplain is assigned..
only when
chaplain absent.
if a chaplain is present - sya magsolemnize
chaplain - military priest.

Whenever there is a doubt.. we have to resolve the doubt in favor of

validity
of marriage.

5 consul -representative abroad who are in charge in commercial and

business
Only abroad.. SAME with MAYOR.. only abroad.. sa territory nila.

ambassador -diplomatic representative - represent phil abroad.

Note - for the authority of solemnizing officer. ARTICLE 35(2) Family

code
the following marriage shall be
solemnized by person not authorized
believing that the solemnizing officer have the authority..
kahit isa lang naniniwala VALID sya..
kng napapaniwala mo ung isang tao.. hindi void yan.. basta
naniwala.. goodfaith
valid ang marriage..

notice however, article 3 again.. ignorance of the law, excuses no

one from
compliance therewith..

si X and Y nagpakasal nila akala nila totoong pari..

SENATOR akala nya pwede sya.. article 3 mistake of law.. -void..

pag mistake of fact pwede.

mistake of law hindi pwede.. hilimbawa na akala ni senator pwede
sya magkasal
kahit naniniwala ang ikakasal.. void parin..
30
31
Most of the people dont know marriage license
the state is interested in the institution of marriage
capacity - to married
like drivers license.. - capacity to drive
Like firearms license - capacity to carry license.
marriage license - qualify to marry..
Kaibahan.. drivers license - pwede ka na magdrive.
firearms license any firearms basta nasa category
Marriage license-- specific person lang
both male and the female.. apply for the marriage license.
where do you apply.. Civil Registrar.. where one of the party
"DOMICILE"
kahit saan sa DOMICILE dun sa male or female..
There are three classes of applicants
First applicants - sworn application - appli under oath
Birth Certificate/baptismal/residence certificates/ sworn statement
of 2 witness.
Why do you need to submit Birth Cert - prove your age.
ARTICLE 12 - if the civil reg just by looking at you already knows
your age... pwede ka na walang BC.
18- below 21 - parental consent - in the order mention. father,
mother,
surving parent
guardian.. even mother agreed.. pag ayaw ng father.. hindi pwede..
No consent - walang marriage license.
21 below 25 - parental advice.. if you can get Parental advice..
if the advise is unfarable. your license will be delayed 90 days..
basically your just the right age..
18-below 25 - marriage counselling certificate.. you have attended
seminar.
subsequent applicants - dati na kasal.. di natutuo gusto ulit
Sworn application.. you don't need to file SC..
assumption that you were married before.
kaya lang kailangan ng proof that previous ended
-death cert
-decree of nullity/annullment
-decree of divorce + judgement allowing the same
there are instances that allows divorce.. will discuss later
divorce is foreign judgement.. magpetition ka dito para marecognize
ang divorce
kailangan ng judgement ng local court
if you are 18-below 21
21-below 25 - still parental advice + marriage counselling certificate
18-below 21 - hindi na kailangan.. its a bit crazy.
Foreigner - article 15 of the civil code.
how do we know their capacity..
submit certificate of legal capacity to contract marriage - issued by
their
diplomatic or consular
NOTE: Stateless persons or refugees from other countries
-affidavit stating the circumstances showing such capacity to
contract marriage.
======================
31
32

ano ang nangyayari sa tunay na buhay.. hindi alam ng karamihan ng

marriage
license..

===========

ARTICLE 17
LCR - ippost ng 10 consecutive days.. marriage bonds like catholic.

kung ikaw ay 21 to below 25, pag walang parental advice.. pagtapos

ng
10 days publication hintay ka pa ng additional 90 days. Exempted from getting marraige license
-death
during the 10 days may pumunta sa LCR at sabi may asawa na yan.. -either party is so located that there is no means of transpo to
ARTICLE 18 ang sagot.. issue parin kahit may nagsumbong.. get to local civil registar.
before the family code.. naging source ng graft and corruption.. -marriages among Muslims..
dinedelay.. two things must concur
ngayon.. wala na magagawa at choice issue parin nila.. -cultural communities
-accordance with their customs, rites or practices.
walang parental consent - di makakakuha ng marriage license
walang parental advise - madedelay ng 19 days lang. kung sa catholic.. kailangan parin kasi di sila sa kanila magpapakasal

kailangan mag file ng TRO sa korte.. kaya lang walang gumagawa -marriage of man and woman who lived together as husband and
nito.. wife
habang kinakasal ipahuli sa pulis.. ganun nalang gawin. HAHA.. for at least five year without any legal impediment to marry each
other
Ninal v Bayado
Rep v Dayot - land lady nya sa pasay.. ang claim nya sinamahan nya
sa city hall
may pinapirmahan sakanya..
after a month nakita nya kasal na sila..
KAILANGAN 5 Years na nagsasama..

ARTICLE 20 - may lisensya ka na para magpakasal. valid sya ng 120

days or 4 mnts
after that.. its as if you dont have marriage license anymore.
basta nirelease ng LCR valid yun.. kahit di nasunod ang 10 days
posting.
kulang ng documentary requirements.. nagiisue parin LCR - valid
parin..
MARRIAGE CEREMONY - kailangan may ceremony..
walang prescribe form and or religious right.
32
33

BAR EXAM QUESTIONS REFER TO THE SS

WHERE SHOULD THE MARRIAGE be celebrated - SS

if they don't celebrate marriage in the chapel.

Valid.. daw.. mere irregularity..

read article 26 35 up to 49

NOTES 10202020

Article 22
Certificate not an essential or a formal requisite of a marriage..

important is the marriage license. not the certificate

Ano ang gamit ng marriage certificate?

is the best evidence that you are marriage.

Quadruplicate COPY after the marriage.

1st copy sa party
2nd solemnizing officer
3rd and 4th sa civil registrar.. mails the copy sa PSA - PH statistics
authority

Kahit di narehistro sa civil registrar.. valid parin sa kasal.

Two people living together as husband and wife.. it is presumed that

they are
33
34

married to each other. - Supreme Court
Paano pag mali ang Marriage Certificate..
kahit pa mali sa marriage certificate.. valid parin ang marriage.
In the same.. Love is not an essential or a formal requisite of
marriage..
yung kasal sa cousins - article 38.. hindi sila pwede kahit sa ibang
bansa pwede..
dito hindi pwede.. void dito.
If a male and a male married in Toronto Canada.. two pinoys.. same
sex.. valid in
canada.. is it valid in the PH? No it is not valid in PH..
Article 26 is only a waiver of formal requisites.
we are not waiving the essential requisites.

RObert and evelyn case..

if a proxy marriage is valid in Los Angeles.. it is also valid in the Ph
Article 26.. it is a waiver of a formal requisite.
Proxy marriage is only a ceremony..

Paul a 17 year old pinoy case..

Marriage is void in the PH.
article 26 refers only to formal requisites.
Paul 17 years old.. not valid in the PH.. no capacity to marriage
Article 15..check..

ARTICLE 26
marriages solemnized Outside the PH.
shall be valid here except
31(1), (4), (5) and (6), 36, 37 and 38

26 - is all about article 17..

ano sabi ng article 17 - the forms and solemnities of contracts..shall
be governed
by the place where they are executed. -extrinsic validity - lex loci
celebrationes.

Article 26- we will wave the formal requisites

authority
marriage license
Marriage ceremony..

Example.
Two pinoy go to Nigeria on a safari they fall inlove to each other.
they decided to marry in nigeria..
they of legal capacity -age.. etc

in nigeria.. a witch doctor can solemnized a marriage.. they got

solemnized
in the PH it is not one.. albularyo..
pero sa nigeria pwede..
if valid sa nigeria.. irrecognize ng PH.

two pinoys. decided to get married in japan. governor ang

nagsolemnized.
pag balik dito valid..

Art 26 formal requisites.. hindi essential requisites.. legal capacities..

34
35

As to nature
Void - in existent from the time of the performance.. never existed..
the partice
were never marriage

Voidable - valid until annulled by competent court.

As to susceptibility of convalidation/ratification
Void - cannot be convalidated/ratify

Voidable - since it exists, defect can be cure/convalidated

Depende sa ground
free cohabitation or prescription..
passage of time.

As to effect on property
VOID - no community property -
Voidable - it exists for a time. -absolute community property.. meron
sila property
relationis

=================================
As to effect on children
Void and Voidable marriages..
VOID - illegitimate - ARTICLE 36 and 54

except.. Art 36 our version of divorce - psychological incapacity..here

children are legitimate

Voidable - legitimate children if conceived before decree of

annulment.

how do you attack it..

directly - main issue sa kaso.. validity ng marriage..
collateral - iba ang issue..kaya lang.. in order to resolve madadamay
ang marriage.
pwede kahit namatay

VOidable - cannot be attack collateral.. only direct..

35
36

pag namatay na hindi na pwede maquestions.
Ano ang favorite illustration nito
Niñal V Bayado - husband and wife.. married to each other.. they
have several children
hindi magkasundo.. naghiwalay.. nagkaasawa si husband.. nagsama
sila ng 2 years..
mistake in identity - iba pala ung tao na pinapakasalan mo..
void din sya for another reason - walang marriage license.. dapat
dalawa kayong
nagaapply.
6) subsequent marriages void Art 53 -

Art 53-- look art 52 of the family code..

kapag pinadelara mo na null and void ang sabi ng art 52 pag labas
ng decision
na sinabi sayo na pwede ka magpaksala.. hindi pa pwede
yung decision kailangan iparehistro muna sa civil registrar.
kapg ang decision kailgan muna paghatiaan.. kailangan hatian
muna ang anak mo..
kapag hindi mo ginawa yun void ang marriage mo under ART 53

kapag nanalo ka ngayon araw sa annulment..

hindi pa sya pwede.. kasi pwede pa umapela ung kabila.. ung OSG..
ung piskal
nagiging final kapag walang umapela within 15 days.
hanggat hindi pa nagiging final
kailangan maregister muna sa civil registrar..
WHAT ARE THE VOID MARRIAGES sa totoong buhay.. mga tatlong buwan..
kapag walang umapela..
ARTICLE 35 kapag sinabi na ng korte na final na.. punta ka civil registrar
bigay mo sa LCR.. hindi ka paniniwalaan ng Civil registrar.. sasabihin
Kailangan 18 ka.. pag below 18 ka.. void ang marriage.. sayo balik after 1 week.. yung tao iveverify pa nila sa Korte..

paano kung 17 ka nagkunwari ka na 18 ka? Bakit ang daming requirements.. the state wants to ensure that
Void parin ang marriage.. kahit ikaw pa nagkunwari at ikaw ang person with capacity
nagfile pwede.. should be married.
very clear ang batas..
kapag void ang wedding.. interest ng state na malaman ang void. to
protect the interest

2) solemnized by person not legally authorized to perform.

absence of a formal requisite.. void..
BUT may exemption - good faith provision.
--kapag may isang naniniwala na ang solemnizing officer.. good
faith..
exeption.. kapag ang nagkasal sa kapitan.. void yun..
mistake of law is not an excuse
it must be mistake of facts.
3)those solemnized without license
kapag fake.. kapag expired.
pero kapag naiissue sya ng CIVIL REGISTRART kahit hindi nafollow
ang process.. valid

4)bigamous or polygamus. - kasal ka na nagpakasal ulit.. void yan

Except.. valid bigamous weding Article 41 - kapag namatay ..
presumtive death.
magffile sa court.. para pwede na.

5)those contracted through mistake of one contracting party as to

36
37

magpaksal ulit.. hannggat wala kang pinanghahawakan na desisyon

ng kasal mo..
kailangan may final judgement declaring such previous marriage
void.
VOID AB INITIO
TERE V TERE
si tere 1st year law student.. nakilala nya si dorothy.. si dorothy kasal
sa kanyang
1st cousin..
sabi ni tere iwan mo asawa mo kasi void yan.. saken ka sumama
iniwan ni doro asawa nya.. sumama sya kay tere.
sya gumastos hanngang kay tere. hanngang maging abogado.
at si tere biglang naglaho..
nung makita si tere may asawa ng iba.
kinasuhan si tere.
sabi ni tere sa korte void ang marriage because of article 40..
article 40 - kung walang bisa ang kasal mo.. hindi ka pwedeng basta
basta magpakasal.
kailangan mo muna kumuha sa korte ng final judgement.
Ang sabi ng SC - kapag ikaw ay kasal at void ang kasal mo..
pagnagpakasal ka at di kumukuha ng final judgement. ang
pangalawa mo ng kasal
ay void din.

Sabi ng SC - kay tere alam mo yan.. kasi law student..

wala kang good moral character.. ang pinakaimportante ay good
moral character sa lawyer
nadisbared si atty tere. for lack of good moral character.
article 40 kailgnan ostensibly valid.. kailangan magfile ..
what are ostensibly valid?
-all the marriage listed under the family code.
OSTENSIBLY VALID - para syang valid..
35, 36,37,38, 41.

ARTICLE 36..

ARTICLE 37

ARTICLE 38 - exclusive.. pag wala VALID.

35, 36, 37 =, 38 - void marriages..

ARTICLE 40 - absolute nullity of a previous marriage.

in simpler language.. kapag void ang kasal mo.. hindi ka pwedeng

37
38

NOTES 10222020

Articl 45.
defect in the essential requisites - the marriage is voidable.

Voidable - exist for a time.

=================================================== 1. 18-21 walang parental consent

sa sobrang void nya hindi na kailangan ilista.. -hindi na obstensible
validity
Same sex - sa sobrang void.. di na kailangan magfile sa korte.. pwede
ka na magpakasal agad
marriage in jest
marriage without a marriage ceremony.
di na kailangan ng magfile sa korte - sobrang void na..
===================================================
ARTICLE 41 -
2. insanity - defect.. hindi absent ng essential requisites.
unlike psyc capacity void ab initio.
3. fraud - panloloko
4. force, intimidation.. consent has to be given.
5.physical incapacity
6. STD found to be serious and appears to be incurable.
VOIDABLE MARRIAGES - article 45 always goes hand and hand with
Article 47
kailangan kasmaa lagi ang articel 47 .

Meron pang iba pa dito.. kahit di listed sa family code. yan lagi sa bar exam.
ART 47.. sino at kailangan magfile ng void
same sex marriage
marriage in jest - voidable - can only be attack directly.
marriage without ceremony
People V Murigov- housemate sila tapos pumuta sa abroad ang normally 18-below 21.. di ka makakakuha ng marriage license kapag
babae.. kinontak nya ung walang parental license
lalaki.. tapos nagkapirmahan lang kasi pabalik na sa abroad.. no marriage license.. void.
walang marriage ceremony Assuming nakakuha ka ng license kahit wala kang parental consent.
absent of a formal requisite. It is still voidable. you need the consent of your father, mother,
guardian..
MORIGO V PEOPLE. - no marriage ceremony at all was performed by in the order mentioned.
duly
so null ang void wala ng kailangan na file ng petititon sa korte. ART 47
1) the party who did not get consent.. can file the petition.. only until
kapag ostensibly valid - kailangan mag file.. before
he reach 21..
EX.Romeo juliet. .pareho 18.. magkasintahan. di payag ang pamilya
nila..

38
39

they manage to get license .. walang parents concent PROVISION sa civil code.. pag walang nakalagay na period.. 5 years
Can the parents of romeo file the case? oo hanggat di 21 ang ang sinasabi.
dalawa.. ART 1149
hanggat walang 21, karapatan ng magulang na magfile ng
annulment. Insanity may conting controversy.. yung majority.. lahat pwede
pero pag 21 na wala ng karapatan ang parents na mag file. magfile..
kung pamily ni juliet pumayag..
kung ang pamilya ni romeo hindi. minority pwede lang sa relatives..
hindi pwede magfile sila juliet.. kasi may consent sila.
Ex. 18 nagpakasal sa 24. ang pwede mag file 18.. ung 24 hindi..
Notes 10232020
Ratify.. how.. voidable marriages.
freely cohabited with the other and both lived together as husband
and wife.

iba ung cohabited with each other - SEX.. they must have sex
together.. before
reaching the age of 21.. kailangan mag 21..
presumption.. kapag nagsasama kayo.. the presumption you are
having sex.. hindi
na kailangan ipakita..
both live together..

pag 21 ka na.. limang taon lang pwede ifile..

INSANITY - how do you ratify.

ART 47 - who can file.. sane spouse.. who have no knowledge of the
insanity.
Pag may knowledge ka.. hindi pwede mag file. .
Pwede ung gardian ng insane..
Pag bumalik na sa katinuan.. pwede na din sya mag file.
Hindi lahat ng forms of mental psychosis.. nakakaapekto sa
marriage..
kailangan nakakaapekto ang pagkabaliw sa marriage nya..
Kailang pwede ang kaso sa insanity? ART 47 (2) anytime before the
death

Iba ang theory ng iba.. may semicolon..

39
40

4+ months pregnant.. tapos yung babae medyo naturaly blump..

this is how it stands right now..

concealment na pregnant.. hindi ung may anak na..

Article 46.. concealment of pregnancy.. not concealment of non-

pregnancy.

3. concealment of sexually transmissible disease.. if you don't know..

there is
concealment..

4. Concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcoholism or

homosexuality or lesbianism
existing at the time of the marriage.
ang habitual alcoholism - nabubuhay ka para maginom.. hindi ung
VOIDABLE MARRIAGES every friday ka lang
nagiinom..
FRAUD
FRAUD.
FOR we have that the consent of other party.. was obtained by fraud. 20 years later doon mo narealize iba ama ng bata.. can you file?yes..
WHO can file the action for fraud? the injured party.. 5 years after the discovery..
upon whom the fraud was exercised.
This can be ratified.. or convalidate.
Fraud is limited to the grounds stated in article 46 - FRAUD still cohabited.
1. non disclosure of a previous conviction by final judgement of the
other party just one act of sex after knowing the fraud.. it is going to be ratified..
of a crime involving moral turpitute
DNA test 40K sa court..
-used non disclosure - different from concealment..
non dislosure- hindi pagsabi. even if the party.. Art 45..
kailang final na judgement number 4.. consent of either party was obtained by force.
Ex. nagpakasal ka.. kakalabas lang ng decision.. hindi pa sya final. - you have to look for obligations of contracts..
you have 15 days para magfile ng motion for reconsideration.. hindi 1335 of the Civil Code.. there is violence when in order to rest
pa sya final.. concent
serious or irresistable force is employed.
Clear and convincing evidence.. Age
sex
Concealment -requires you are know what you are hiding. - condition of the person.
pagtatago.. kung di mo
alam pano mo itatago. May nakilala ka sa libis. buryong na buryong ka sa lockdown.. you
went out one night.
2/3/4 - talks about concealment you met someone.
SERIOUS OR IRRESISTABLE FORCE>>>> kailangan may force..
Buccat v Buccat
anim na buwan na buntis.. di na sya pwede fraud.. 1335 also defines what is intimidation...
kitang kita na.. hindi na maloko ang lalake you are move by a resonable or well founded fear..

Aquino v delizo 1337 takes improper advantage over the will of another.. depriving
Marriage on 27 Dec 1954 birth of child on 26 April 1955 him
parang 5 months pregnant si babae of reasonable freedom of choice.

umamin ung babae na ang ama ay kapatid nung napangasawa kailangan meron superiority ung isa sa isa.. confidential family
nagasasama na pala sila.. spiritual relation
may power ung one over the other.
Where not naturaly blump.. there is fraud or deceit..
40
41

undue influence to another.

10272020
improper use of power.. undue imfluence..

you have to show that there is unequal relationship between the

party.

kung binubogbog ka.. force

kung magulang mo binubobog.. intimidation..

consent mo, hindi parin voluntary.. that is voidable..

kahit walang alam ung pinakasalan mo sa force and intimidation..

kung sino ung naintimidate..

5 years.. pag nawala ang intimidation nag cease.. dun pwede
magfile..

ART 45 #5 VOIDABLE MARRAIAGES

it's not sterility.. its if you cannot have sex with the other..
ART 45 - Exclusive list -defect in the essential requisites
ART 45 #6
who can file this? injured party.. within 5 years after the marriage. Grounds that is existing in the time of the celebration

#5 and #6 - ratification is passage of time. Article 45 read together with 47..

#5 - they cannot consumate article 45 - ground article 47 -who can file and when it should be
#6 - pagnalaman mo may sakit you will not have sex anymore.. filed..

slight controversy when it comes to ART 45 #5 and #6 ALWAYS VOIDABLE MARRIAGES

who can file? the injured party within 5 years from the celebration of
marriage.
nagpakasal sa 90 years old..
di ka napwede magfile.. kasi alam mo na hindi na nya magagawa..
45 and 47 MUST BE INSEPARABLE.
1. 18-21.. without parental consent.. it is voidable marraiage
if you go back to article 14 of the family code, there is an order
in the giving of consent father, mother, surving parent or guardinan.

kahit may HIV pinakasalan mo.. Ex.

nung kasal na kayo.. gusto mo na hiwalayan.. pwede ba? kung buhay ang nanay at tatay mo..
Hindi.. kasi alam mo na.. sabi ng iba.. kailangan tatay mo muna.. pag hindi.. hindi pwede.. kahit payag ang
nanay mo.
may kumontra Art, 45,46.. walang nakalagay..
whether you know.. or whether you dont now.. Article 47
THESE ARE VOIDABLE MARRIAGES AND WHO CAN FILE THE ACTION Who can file.. kthe party whose parent or guardian did not given his
or her consent.
voidable marriages is exclusive - yung nasa ART 45.. un lang..
======================================================== hindi makakapg pa annul yung nagbigay ng consent.
NEXT MEETING
legal separation ART 55— 18-below 21.. you marry 21 or over.. hindi makakapag file ung 21
over.. ung hindi
nakakuha

within 5 years ang filing..

kapag walang parental consent di ka makakapag license

Void ab initio.
41
42

A marriage license is valid as long as it is issued by Civil Registrar
kung nagawan nya ng paraan valid yun.. kahit walang parental
consent.
pero ang marriage is still voidable..
the insane can file, during lucid interval or after regaining sanity..
Kailan pwede magfile?
the majority view Art 47 #2 - at anytime before death of either party.
insane spouse after regaining sanity.

Ex. mararatified kapag nagsex kayo..

naghire para magpangap na magulang. sila ang pumirma ng lucid interval nagsex kayo.. ratified na
consent. dahil dun nakakuha kayo ng license
but still.. it is voidable. 50 years pwede mag file.. pwede parin.. kasi anytime before death..

theoretically hindi ka makakasal pag walang consent dahil hindi ka MINORITY VIEW
makakakuha ng
marriage license. tignan ung mga semicolon
ano ang significance ng semi-colon, separates distinct but related
within 5 years after 21 years old kailangan mag file na sya.. ideas.
magaapply lang ung at any time before death of either party.. sa
hanggat hindi ka pa nag 21, magulang mo pwede mag file.. the guardian
moment you reach 21 they can't file pero sa sane spouse - 5 years lang
yung kinasal na ang magffile. doon sa insane spouse after lucide interval - 5years..

RATIFICATION - the moment you reach 21, you have to live your
spouse, kailangan makipaghiwalay ka na
kasi pag tinuloy mo pa and you live husband and wife..

How do you ratify, freely cohabiting and living together as husband

and wife.

IBA ang cohabiting sa living together.

COHABIT - to have sex - no amount of sex kayo 24/7 hanggat hindi

ARTICLE 1149 - kapag walang nakalagay na period.. 1149 fixed the
kayo mag 21, hindi sya nararatify
period 5 years.
no body sex in public.. the law presumes if you continue living with
the spouse
3) Consent by either party was obtained by fraud.
the law presumes you cohabit with each other.
sino pwede mag file?
injured party within 5 years, after the discovery of the fraud.
kaya pag di ka humiwalay bago 21.. mararatify na.
ung naloko ang injured party. 5 years from discovery.. hindi 5 years
from marriage.
there is no late consent.. consent afterwards.. walang ganun.
consent must be
the only way is to cohabit.
GROUNDS FOR FRAUD. icheck ang art 46.
ARTICLE 46
2)Either party was of unsound mind.
Exclusive ito.. apat lang..
-insanity is voidable.. dapat insane at the time of the celebration of
the wedding
kapag wala dito, kahit may panloloko, hindi pwede
it is a mere defect.. voidable lang
halimbawa
pero psychological incapacity
Character
VOID Ab initio
pyschological incapacity - has psychological
1 non-disclosure - kahit hindi mo alam na convicted ka na..
hindi mo sinabi dahil hindi mo alam.. pero may conviction ka na ng
insanity - hindi nakaka apekto sa understanding ng marriage. hindi
crime involving
sya maanull
moral turpitude.. Fraud parin sya.. non-disclosure ang ginamit.. strict
dapat insanity na may kinalaman sa insanity
sya..
previous conviction final na sya.. after 15 days from receipt without
SINO ANG PWEDENG MAGFILE?
appeal..
by the same spouse.. who have no knowledge of the others insanity..
kahit today binsahan ka ng malversation of public funds..

42
43

KAILANGAN FINAL SYA..

3) Concealment of STD - kailangan alam mong may sakit ka na
Jaywalking? hindi sya moral turpitude nakakahawa..
THEFT kapag hindi mo alam, walang concealment walang fraud
malversation
tax evation 4) concealment of drug addiction, habitual alcholisim
murder
malisous mischief who can file? the injured party.. 5 years from the discovery..

2-4 concealment - needs knowledge.. kailangan alam mo para
maiconceal mo.
2 concealment.. kailgnan alam ng babae..
she was pregnant by a man other than her husband..
hindi covered ung dalagang ina..
RATIFY - cohabitation.. after the knowledge of the facts..
kapag nalaman mo na.. pero nakipag cohabit ka parin, rattified na
sya..
knowledge mo after 5 years di ka nagfile.. paso na sya.

pinangalan sa magulang mo ung anak mo sa iba.. hindi nalaman ==

until magpakasal kayo. 4)Who can file? by the injured party? yung ginamitan ng force..
is that fraud? number 2 is concealment of pregnancy.. hindi ng hindi pwede ung gumamit ng force..
anak.. within 5 years kapag nawala na ung force and intimidation..

2 classic cases on pregnancy FORCE AND INTIMIDATION.

kailangan serious and irressistable force..
BUccat v Mangonon de bucat art 1335
-unang nagkakilala March 1938 sa Baguio
-september nagkita sila ulit, ilang beses sa sept, after several dating.. Art 1336 - kahit fore intimidation. .gawa ng ibang tao at walang
nag pakasal sila.. sa baguio cathedral November 26 1938. participation
afer 89 days of living together.. wala pang tatlong buwan.. gives un pinakasalan mo.. tinakot ka ng tatay mo.. voidable sya..
birth
to a normal 9 months in the womb on february 23. ART 1337 - undue influence - someone has power over the will of
nung ikinasal pala sila 6 months na buntis.. another..
nagfile ng annulment.. ano sabi ng supreme court.. depriving of freedom of choice.. kailangan may superiority
marriage is a sacred institution.. ung wife mo 6 months preggy na.
advance stage na sya ng preggy.. any allegation is childish given her ELEMENTS OF UNDUE INFLUENCE
advance stage a)
of pregnancy. kailangan maprove ng clear and convincing evidence b) kailangan ginamit ang influence
walang Fraud - advance stage na.. hindi ka na pwedeng maloko c) overwhelming effect nya.. you become a mere puppet..
its your not will anymore..

AQUINO v. DELIZO -lawyer client relationship

-confessor confessant relationship.
-married dec 27 1954, child born 26 april 26 1955, 4 months..
more than 4 onths preggy na ung babae. kung walang ganyan na relation, walang due relationship
-woman was "naturally blump"
-father was plaintiff's brother - they have admitted.. they have been Ex.
living even before. pinagkasundo ka ng magulang mo na pakasalan ung kabilang
-pumayag ang court.. partido,
kapag wala pang 6 months, kapag medyo mataba, pwede ang fraud. simula ng pagkabata mo nagusap na ang magulang mo..
kaso ayaw mo pakasalan..
if di nya alam na pregnant sya.. walang fraud.. kasi concealment ang That is not undue influence.. kapag pumayag ka dahil aatakihin sa
ginamit.. puso ang magulang mo
kapag hindi ka nagpakasal..
paano pag kabaliktaran, pinakasalan mo akala mo nabuntis mo.. Kailangan may overwhelming effect.. kailangan ipakita mo na
pero hindi naman pala? nawalan ka ng freedom of choice.
fraud yun? NO.. kailangan concealment of pregnancy
EXCLUSIVE.. 5 years ang pagffile pag nawala ang undue influence..
43
44

== The phils.. did not allow divorce

5) hindi nakakaaatend ng flag ceremony.. or ayaw makapenetrate 2 countries
SINO pwede magfile? strong public policy against divorce
injured party, 5 years after the marriage. 5 years enought time that if you go abroad and divorce.. void yun dito
spouse ay may sakit. DIVORCE
physical incapacity to consumate the marriage. ARTICLE 17
unfair situations..
Ex. foreigner.. nagmarry ng pilipino..
nainlove ka kay stephen hawking.. isang paralisado na hindi sa foreigner pwede..
nakakakilos.. ang pilipino hindi pwede..
para di maging unfair.. pag nagpadivorce na sa kanila.. hindi na sya
you fall inlove with a 95 year old man.. very frail, very weak.. but he offended party
makes you laugh 2nd paragraph of art 26
and you married.. he doesn't consumate marriage. he fails to BAR QUESTIONS -
consumate marriage.. NO.. congress cannot pass a law allowing divorce.. it only mandates
hindi na talaga makaattend ng flag ceremony.. 2nd question..
can you file petition? Invalid.
STD? serious and uncurable? because BOni who is filipino.. is married to another filipina..
the divorce that bony obtained.
other say na hindi na makakapg file kapag alam mo.. filipino, married to a foreigner by the ailien spouse..
Some say that knowledge that he is not going to consumate
marriage, STD uncurable
you cannot claim as injured party.

sabi ng iba, walang sinasabi na kailangan hindi mo alam..

kahit alam mo o hindi mo alam.. makakapag file ka.. kasi walang
knowledge
sa article 45 (5)

- you balance.. personali sabi ni prof..

tumatayo, pero baog.. hindi pwede mavoid.
the institution of marriage needs to be protected more than your
happiness.. -prof serfiano

wala pang rule ang SC tungkol dito.

article 26, kailangan nung ikasal sila.. foreigner

REPUBLIC v ORBECIDO

10302020 wala tayong pakialam kung ano nationality.. when they get married.
when they got the divorce. one was afilipino, the other was a
foreigner..

pareho kayo pilipino.. ung nagpunta sa eamerica.. nagpanaturalize..

tapos dinivorce ka
INVALID..
Filipino at the time .. pwede na ulit.. REPUBLIC V. ORBECIDO..
one filipino.. one foreigner.. pwede na ulit..

44
45

a) yes.. under article 26 whenever.. hindi nga ito eh.. Article 15..
check
foreigner will be governed by their law..

b)kapag foreigner.. wala tayo pakialam sa nationality.. Article 26 it is

valid
now..
NOTICE HOWEVER, judgement of foreign courts.. do not
automatically effect in the
ONly 2 years ago.. REPUBLIC V. MANALO - March of 2018 philippines..
article 26 (2) what happens?
divorce sa ibang bansa.. PETITION of a Foreign decree of divorce..
sabi ng iba, nag file ung foreigner.. enforcement of divorce.. RTC pinafile.. kapag finile.. nag aapear ang
pagpilipino.. di applicable.. OSG
dinedeputize ang fiscal..
NOON - kaso dumating ang republic v manalo.. you have to prove to decree of divorce
she was a resident of japan.. she married a japan national.
they both filed a petition for divorce.. MUTUAL.. c)decree of the divorce can be recognace first..
ayaw kilalanin nung una.. pero sabi ng lower court, kahit sino
nagfile pwede na yan
Sinabi ng SC - kahit sino ang nagfile basta, kahit pilipino.. basta
capacity na nung
foreigner remarry.. pati pilipino.. remarry..

pag di ka nakakuha ng article 36.. and then divorce your spouse.

punta ka sa ibang
bansa.. also filipino has capacity to remarry..

BAR question 3
Harry married Wilma..

BAR QUESTION
BEN AND EVA.

NOne.. ben is already a foreigner.. status govern by national law..

he has capacity..

45
46

11032020

SHe can marry again.. she has to have decree of divorced regnice
file a petition.. once granted.. submit to civil registrar so she can now
remarry

F, A filipina..
YES, this republic v manalo..
where your a filipina filing a petition of divorce..
regardless of who files.. one is a foreinger and the other
pag pwede na foreigner
pwede na din pilipino.
PFR
11032020
UNFAIR SITUATION NOW.
Two pinoys.. nagpakasal.. art 68,
one filipino goes abroad.. article 36 - sample
while abroad obtains a divorce
is that valid.. that's not valid.. because they are both filipino.. MOLINA GUIDELINES
under article 26, at the time of divorce.. kailangan foreigner na ung
isa.. the husband and wife

ung divorce di marerecognize.. one of them should be foreigner.. article 109 of civil code
one should be filipino.. at the time of the divorce.. article 68 was taken from here
UNFAIR SITUATION.. may amendemnt
may isang difference lang..
================================ ang nabago lang ay nadagdagan "love"
RIHTS AND OBLIGATIONS of husband and wife..
from 1950 walang obligasyon to love your spouse..
nagkaroon lang nung family code

hindi formal requisite ang LOVE ng marriage..

pinaka unang obligasion ng magasawa - live or to cohabit each other

ARTCILE 69..
court may decide sa domicile..

hindi naman nagaapply sa court para sa exemption..

46
47

article 100 ang remedy.. if one spouse refuses to the other.. you can't
denied support if the objection is proper.. pwede ang court..
kapag walang justifiable cause.. CHECK!
ex
kapag hindi ka nirerespeto.. binubugbog ka.. may remedy.. pero pag your spouse is a professional grave robber. trabaho magnakaw sa
love.. wala. pagtatwawanan ka. grave.
fidelity - legal separation. .adultary.. concubinage. umutang para makabili ng Karo para hindi halata ang pagpasok sa
sementery para magnakaw.
MUTUAL HELP AND SUPPORT pwede sya maningil against community property..
ARTICLE 70
jointly responsible for the support of the family. kapag hindi makabayad sa utang, getting absolute community
property.
art 71 all of this after we objected.. grave robber..
management from the household.. right and duty of both spouses.
expenses art 70.. ====================================

article 96 - the admin and enjoyment of the community property

shall belong to both spouses
for mutual help and support.. husband and wife.. both of them
support
both of them manage the household.

Article 80
Property relations between husband and wife.
go back to article 1

dito lang pwede mag stipulate..

kapag di nagstipulate.. it will be goverened by philippine law..

ART 73
ano kapangyarihan ng korte, pag ang asawa ay questionable This rule shall not apply
-to determine whether the objection is proper 1) aliens. their law will apply
2)
bilioner - you mary someone who wants to continue his profession..
this is not proper objection..
the mere fact that you have a lot of money.. hindi valid. para
maprevent ang asawa

kapag ang trabaho ay hindi proper..

like
robber
male stripper
killer
PSP = personal service provider.

all of this is valid serious moral ground..

47
48

if philippine law will govern, Form of marriage settlement

arti 74 and 75 will apply..
ARTICLE 77
75 - marriage settlement.. kaialangan before the marriage.. ito ang -it has to be writing.. doesn't need to be notarized.
panahon -they shall prejudice third persons.
ang kailangan para mag settle
ARTICLE 76 - modification kailangan before the celebration
Regime of absolute community - once the property is already married.. property relations is fixed
absolute community - lahat ng pagaari mo ay magiging atin. which is immutable. hidni na sya mababago kapag married na.
everything we acquire kung gusto magmodify dapat before celebrations.
ours parin. absolute comunity

Conjugal partnership of gains - what is mine is mine. what is yours is

yours.
complete separation of property - what is mine is mine, what is yours
is yours
any other regime.. parties are free to stipulate.. itong property
relation lang ang
pwedeng stipulate.

general rule na what is mine is mine, what is yours is mine.. unequal..

pero pag kasama lahat ng utang mo.. pwede?

In the absence of a marriage settlement, or when the regime agreed

upon is void, the system of
absolute community of property as established in this code shall
govern. article 78 - what happens? DEAD LAW
-in the phils, this is importan, pre nuptial agreement.. has a very burahin mo na.. wala ng minor na pwede..
negative conotation in the wala na ito..
PH.
kapag sinabi ng partner mo na may pirmahan tayo.. ang dating.. article 79..
walang tiwala.. look at the essential and formal requisites.
kaya madalas sila sa system of absolute community of property walang nakalagay na hindi pwede magpakasal ng criminal
ang effect lang ng crime.. nondisclosure of moral turpiturede..
================================== magiging fraud.
kapag pinatay mo ang asawa para mapakasalan sya.. o asawa mo
para makapagpakasal sa iba.

LEgal

48
49

age no acceptance. no valid.

sex
relationship 5K below.. pwedeng oral pwedeng in writing.
no subsitingmariage. kapag oral.. may simoultaneous delivery..

all other crimes pwede.. kahit nakakulong pwede.
What happens? they can also enter into marraige settlements.
pag void ang marriage settlement? system of absolute commuinity
of property ang magovern
ngayon pasko madaming void donation.
kapag lumampas ka ng 5K kailangan in writing na..
kapag lupa, building bahay(immovable).. it must be in a notarized
document
acceptance must be public document

kapag TV mo magreregalo ka sa bagong kasal.. kapag lagpas limang

ARTICLE 81 - everyting stipulated libo..
-kaya may marriage settlement ay magiging married ka.. kailangan in writing.. other wise it is void.
pero pag hindi natuloy.. maggiving void.

======================================================

ARTICLE 84
kapag di sya absolute community.. only 20% lang..
yung excess void..
Donation by reason of marriage

ano ang loophole?

those made before celebaration.
bakit may 20%? baka maging unfair?
walang halaga.. lahat ng donation..
kaya lang, may limitations apply, donations made in the marriage
settlement.
ARTICLE 82
kahit before mariage..
USELESS itong limitation..
it has to be given before the celebration.
mag donate ka sa separate instruments.. ito ang loophole..
ARTICLE 83 - same as ordinary donations.
"in their marriage settlements"
what happens?
=======================================================
how do you donate.. - look at article 748 at 749
donations of a movable..
ART 85.
orally and in writing..
kahit collateral pa ung house and lot.. pwede ibigay parin..
CHECK articles..

ninong ka sakasal.. may utang ka 1M

pag nagmomove
ginawa mo kolateral..
kapag meron more than 5K kailangan in writing..
can u donate? pwede..
donations have to be accpeted..
hindi ka nagbayad sa utang? kukunin property.. ung sobra kanila..
people are not forced the liberality of others
pero pag kulang sa utang.. hindi sila may utang..
49
50

4)upon legal speartion -article 64 the donation may be revoked..

======================================================= pareho sila ng article 86
WHy do we have a separte chapter on donations on reasons by 5)eto daw ay problema..
marriage. . there are conditions
if they are goverend by the same rules of an ordinary donations suspensive - hanggat hindi nagoccur ang condition.. nakasuspend
ang obligation
=donations are irevokable.. i'll give you 50K if manny wins over floyd.. ang obligation if manny
the moment na ibinigay mo na? hindi mo na pwedeng bawiin. wins over floyd.

what happens is that, basically if it by reason by marriage. resolutory - the obligation exists until the condition happens.
you have additional grounds for revoking.. ARTICLE 86 you can use my condo in makati.. until trump looses the election..

whats the problem

1)
2) ung totoong resolutury, once the condition occurs, marerevoke na
3)when the marraige is annulled, and the donee acted in bad faith agad..
the donation may be revoked.. pero sa article 86.. may be revoked..
so kung di sya resolutory condition..
Look at article 50, the effects provided by a paraghraph 3 of article
43 Kaya may problema.. kasi di may be revoked.. automatically
shall also apply revoked..

kapag na annul daw ang marriage, donation is revoked.. automatic. sabi di ito resolutory.. this is prohibitory condition..

6 - wala na dapat ito?

kaya lang sa article 86, may be revoked..

in other words, may conflict..

sabi ni article 50.. automatic

sa art 86 - may be revoked.

alin tama, and the answer article 86. kasi may latter sa article 43.. at
art 50
since it is higher number. that means accrding to stat con.. it is the
newer
donation of the will of the legilature..

hindi sya automatic narerevoke..

50
51

article 87
hindi pwedeng magdonate and magspouse

basically, husband and wife cannot donate to each other

1) you cannot change your property regime anymore.. kailanagn

before you get marriage..
2) the stronger spuse may unduly influence the weaker spouse..
3) the civil code, one of the policies under the civil code, protection of
the creditors.
the easiest way to defraud creditor..
by disposing of your properties..
para hindi ka na magbayad sa utang mo,..

ang pinakamadali idonate sa asawa mo.. kaya magiging fraud..

this prohibition also applies.. who living together.. kahit walang

marriage..

==================================

51
52

legal separation or relative divorce - bed and board.. parties remain

married
you'll notice, 99% of the time.. people don't like legal separation..

10292020 ART 68 - live together.. etc...

ang nawawala lang ay live together at rendering mutual support..

====
separation de facto lang..
anong significance.. look at Article 100.. the separation in fact
shall not affect the regime of absolute community
except...
kapag nag separation de facto lang kayo - it doesn't affect your
property relation..
separation in fact - doesn't affect your property relation
==============

the only advantage of legal separation - you go to complete

separation of property..
the guilty spouse can no longer inherit from the innocent spouse.
you can't marry someone else..

VOID and VOIDABLE marriages

article 48 - in all cases of annulment

the burden of proof is on the petitioner..
as we said, di pinipilit ang respondent na magappear..
collusion - secret agreement between parties - to obtain annulment
pag walang answer magtataka baka may collusion..
pag sumagot, walang collusion tuloy ang kaso
mere agreement - hindi considered collusion

Article 55
Grounds
10 grounds - during marriage..

1) repeated physical violence - paulit ulit.. or grossly abusive

conduct..
either ikaw ang binubogbog, anak nyo.. or anak mo ang
binubugbog..

kapag binubugbog nya anak nya.. isumbong mo kay tulfo? or bantay

Legal Separation
bata..
-absolute divorce - disolves the marriage - the marriage ones existed.
catholic dont want this..
2) Physical violence
-petitioner lang ang biktima dito.
void ab initio - the parties were never married from each other. it
ginugulpi ka para sumali ka sa ISIS - ABUSAYAF.. - hindi ito.. hindi
never existed..
political party

52
53

halimbawa.. dapat sa liberal party..

procedure for filing a petition
3)attempt of respondent...
kapag ang petitioner ang pinapaengage.. kailangan attempt lang..
kasi pag successful
pumayag ka sa prostitution..
kapag common child or child of the petitioner.. pwede mag file..
prostitution - sex for money or valuable
kung pinaghuhubad ka sa webcam.. -hindi prostitution.. kasi sex for
money..

4)Final judgement
pagiba iba pag sa crimen
killing your spouse or killing someone else to spouse para
makapagpakasal.
Void ab initio - void by reason of public policy

Non- disclosure of final judgement.. - moral turpitude.. voidable..

walang length ng penalty.. basta moral turpitude..
art 57..
sa legal separation.. more than 6 years.. kahit na pardon pa.. basta
kailangan mafile ng 5 years..
final judgement
pwede sa legal separation.
pag nalaman na ang art 55 hindi na pwede i file for legal separation.

5) drug addiction
marriage abroad.. 5 years from the marriage.. not from discovery..
this happens after the marriage..
pag before. conceal.. fraud sya
ART 58
it cannot be tried before 6 months since the filing of the petition..
6)lesbianism or homosexuality
-the cooling off period..
pag na file mo ngayon.. oct 29.. april walang hearing.. on the main
7) contracting by the respondent
issue..
nagpakasal ulit..
whether or not legal separation should be granted.. walang hearing..

8)Sexual infidelity or perversion..

Oct 29 after 2 weeks you decide kukunin mo anak
kaya binago na ito.. kapag nakipag sex na ang man sa iba.. pwede
file provisional custody?
na itong legal separation.
can that be heard already? yes.
kahit wala pang 6 months.. pwede na magdesisyon ang korte
adultery - the moment a married woman had sex with a man other
ang bawal lang ung legal separation -6 months
than her husband
concubinage - tatlong mode.
bakit may 6 months period? to protect the institution of marriage
1. having sex under scandalous circumstance with your mistress
in legal separation.. the marraige is a valid marriage..
2. bringing your mistress into conjugal dwelling
state should try to bring back the party together.
3. Living together with your mistress on some other place.
COOLING OFF PERIOD.. baka mainit lang ulo nila..
yung maid.. naging mistress.. na acquit.. kasi maid na unang pasok..
naging mistress nalang
jurisdiction - is the authority to hear and to decide a case.
9)attempt lang..
Jurisdictional requirement - its a requirements which must be met.. in
10) abandonment of petitioner by respondent without justifiable
order
cause for more than one
for a court to hear and decide the case..
year.
kapag wala pang 6 months.. ang decision ng court ay void.
all of this happen during marriage..
ARTICLE 59
==================================================
53
54

Court is also mandated to take steps towards reconciling the

spouses.

subukan ng hukuman ang pagbatiin or pagkakabalikan ng

magasawa
anytime court can do reconcillation..

Article 60
collusion exist..
evidence is not fabricated or suppresed..

what are defenses of respondent

Conivance, alam mo pero di ka nagssalit.

4) both of them may ground for legal separation

kapag pareho guilty.. madedeny
Brown v Yambao.
American Service man

kahit magkaiba..
hindi kailangan pareho ang offense.

5) collusion - secret aggreement

connicance - secret or indirect consent or permission of one person

6) prescription
Article 56
kailanagn maifile ng 5 years..
denial
physical violence - hindi ko ginagawa yan.
These are defenses..
1)condonation - pinatawad.. forgiveness.. valid defense na
after 6 months.. you go to trial..
2)kapag pumayag ka.. wala na di na pwede magfile..

consent v condonation
consent - before the act
condonation - after the act

walang blanket forgiveness

walang blanket consent - pwede -

for each act of infedelity - kailangan may forgiveness.

3) conivance on the commission

closing ones eyes knowingly..

Effects

54
55

art 63
10302020
pag ung grounds. -denied ang petition.. The phils.. did not allow divorce
2 countries
liberty of the abode and changing the same.. strong public policy against divorce

kapag nadeny ang petition for legal separation - kapag ayaw parin if you go abroad and divorce.. void yun dito
makisama nung isa
hindi natin sila mapipiit
check article 100.. --denied them support.

Granted.. Article 63 ang sagot

legal separation - bed and board lang..

1)
2)conjugal partnership..

3) custody of the minor children kailangan sa innoccent spouse,

article 213

4)disqualified from inheriting from the innocent spouse.

can still demand support from the guilty support.

most people maghiwalay nalang ng basta..

disadvantage, what is yours is mine.. DIVORCE

ARTICLE 17
unfair situations..
foreigner.. nagmarry ng pilipino..
sa foreigner pwede..
ang pilipino hindi pwede..

para di maging unfair.. pag nagpadivorce na sa kanila.. hindi na sya

offended party

RECONCILIATION

ART 65.. ARTICLE 66

joint manifestation.
2nd paragraph of art 26
kapag nakapagdesisyon na..
================================ BAR QUESTIONS -
NO.. congress cannot pass a law allowing divorce.. it only mandates

2nd question..
55
56

Invalid. dinedeputize ang fiscal..

because BOni who is filipino.. is married to another filipina.. you have to prove to decree of divorce
the divorce that bony obtained.
c)decree of the divorce can be recognace first..
filipino, married to a foreigner by the ailien spouse..

article 26, kailangan nung ikasal sila.. foreigner

REPUBLIC v ORBECIDO
wala tayong pakialam kung ano nationality.. when they get married.
when they got the divorce. one was afilipino, the other was a
foreigner..

pareho kayo pilipino.. ung nagpunta sa eamerica.. nagpanaturalize..

tapos dinivorce ka
INVALID..
Filipino at the time .. pwede na ulit.. REPUBLIC V. ORBECIDO..
one filipino.. one foreigner.. pwede na ulit..

ONly 2 years ago.. REPUBLIC V. MANALO - March of 2018

article 26 (2)
divorce sa ibang bansa..
sabi ng iba, nag file ung foreigner..
pagpilipino.. di applicable..

NOON - kaso dumating ang republic v manalo..

she was a resident of japan.. she married a japan national.
they both filed a petition for divorce.. MUTUAL..
ayaw kilalanin nung una.. pero sabi ng lower court, kahit sino
nagfile pwede na yan
Sinabi ng SC - kahit sino ang nagfile basta, kahit pilipino.. basta
capacity na nung
foreigner remarry.. pati pilipino.. remarry..

pag di ka nakakuha ng article 36.. and then divorce your spouse.

punta ka sa ibang
bansa.. also filipino has capacity to remarry..

BAR question 3
Harry married Wilma..

a) yes.. under article 26 whenever.. hindi nga ito eh.. Article 15..
check
foreigner will be governed by their law..

b)kapag foreigner.. wala tayo pakialam sa nationality.. Article 26 it is

valid
now..
NOTICE HOWEVER, judgement of foreign courts.. do not
automatically effect in the
philippines..
what happens?
PETITION of a Foreign decree of divorce..
enforcement of divorce.. RTC pinafile.. kapag finile.. nag aapear ang
OSG
56
57

is that valid.. that's not valid.. because they are both filipino..
under article 26, at the time of divorce.. kailangan foreigner na ung
isa..

ung divorce di marerecognize.. one of them should be foreigner..

one should be filipino.. at the time of the divorce..
UNFAIR SITUATION.

11032020
RIHTS AND OBLIGATIONS of husband and wife..

BAR QUESTION
BEN AND EVA.

NOne.. ben is already a foreigner.. status govern by national law..

he has capacity..

SHe can marry again.. she has to have decree of divorced regnice
file a petition.. once granted.. submit to civil registrar so she can now
remarry

PFR
11032020

art 68,
article 36 - sample

MOLINA GUIDELINES

the husband and wife

article 109 of civil code

article 68 was taken from here
may amendemnt
may isang difference lang..
ang nabago lang ay nadagdagan "love"

from 1950 walang obligasyon to love your spouse..

nagkaroon lang nung family code
F, A filipina..
YES, this republic v manalo.. hindi formal requisite ang LOVE ng marriage..
where your a filipina filing a petition of divorce..
regardless of who files.. one is a foreinger and the other pinaka unang obligasion ng magasawa - live or to cohabit each other
pag pwede na foreigner
pwede na din pilipino.

UNFAIR SITUATION NOW.

Two pinoys.. nagpakasal..
one filipino goes abroad..
while abroad obtains a divorce

57
58

both of them manage the household.

ARTCILE 69..
court may decide sa domicile..

hindi naman nagaapply sa court para sa exemption..

article 100 ang remedy.. if one spouse refuses to the other.. you can't
denied support
kapag walang justifiable cause.. CHECK!
kapag hindi ka nirerespeto.. binubugbog ka.. may remedy.. pero pag
love.. wala. pagtatwawanan ka.
fidelity - legal separation. .adultary.. concubinage.
ART 73
ano kapangyarihan ng korte, pag ang asawa ay questionable
-to determine whether the objection is proper
bilioner - you mary someone who wants to continue his profession..
this is not proper objection..
the mere fact that you have a lot of money.. hindi valid. para
maprevent ang asawa

kapag ang trabaho ay hindi proper..

like
robber
male stripper
killer
PSP = personal service provider.

all of this is valid serious moral ground..

if the objection is proper.. pwede ang court..

ex
your spouse is a professional grave robber. trabaho magnakaw sa
grave.
umutang para makabili ng Karo para hindi halata ang pagpasok sa
MUTUAL HELP AND SUPPORT sementery para magnakaw.
ARTICLE 70 pwede sya maningil against community property..
jointly responsible for the support of the family.
kapag hindi makabayad sa utang, getting absolute community
art 71 property.
management from the household.. right and duty of both spouses. all of this after we objected.. grave robber..
expenses art 70..

article 96 - the admin and enjoyment of the community property

shall belong to both spouses
for mutual help and support.. husband and wife.. both of them Article 80
support Property relations between husband and wife.

58
59

go back to article 1 Conjugal partnership of gains - what is mine is mine. what is yours is
yours.
dito lang pwede mag stipulate.. complete separation of property - what is mine is mine, what is yours
is yours
any other regime.. parties are free to stipulate.. itong property
relation lang ang
pwedeng stipulate.

general rule na what is mine is mine, what is yours is mine.. unequal..

pero pag kasama lahat ng utang mo.. pwede?

In the absence of a marriage settlement, or when the regime agreed

upon is void, the system of
absolute community of property as established in this code shall
govern.
-in the phils, this is importan, pre nuptial agreement.. has a very
negative conotation in the
PH.
kapag sinabi ng partner mo na may pirmahan tayo.. ang dating..
walang tiwala..
kapag di nagstipulate.. it will be goverened by philippine law..
kaya madalas sila sa system of absolute community of property
This rule shall not apply
1) aliens. their law will apply
2)

Form of marriage settlement

ARTICLE 77
if philippine law will govern, -it has to be writing.. doesn't need to be notarized.
arti 74 and 75 will apply.. -they shall prejudice third persons.

75 - marriage settlement.. kaialangan before the marriage.. ito ang ARTICLE 76 - modification kailangan before the celebration
panahon once the property is already married.. property relations is fixed
ang kailangan para mag settle which is immutable. hidni na sya mababago kapag married na.
kung gusto magmodify dapat before celebrations.
Regime of absolute community -
absolute community - lahat ng pagaari mo ay magiging atin.
everything we acquire
ours parin. absolute comunity

59
60
article 78 - what happens? DEAD LAW
burahin mo na.. wala ng minor na pwede..
wala na ito..
article 79..
look at the essential and formal requisites.
walang nakalagay na hindi pwede magpakasal ng criminal
ang effect lang ng crime.. nondisclosure of moral turpiturede..
magiging fraud.
kapag pinatay mo ang asawa para mapakasalan sya.. o asawa mo
para makapagpakasal sa iba.
LEgal
age
sex
relationship
no subsitingmariage.
all other crimes pwede.. kahit nakakulong pwede.
What happens? they can also enter into marraige settlements.
pag void ang marriage settlement? system of absolute commuinity
of property ang magovern
ARTICLE 81 - everyting stipulated
-kaya may marriage settlement ay magiging married ka..
pero pag hindi natuloy.. maggiving void.
Donation by reason of marriage
those made before celebaration.
walang halaga.. lahat ng donation..
ARTICLE 82
kahit before mariage..
it has to be given before the celebration.
ARTICLE 83 - same as ordinary donations.
what happens?
how do you donate.. - look at article 748 at 749
donations of a movable..
orally and in writing..
CHECK articles..
pag nagmomove
kapag meron more than 5K kailangan in writing..
donations have to be accpeted..
people are not forced the liberality of others
no acceptance. no valid.
5K below.. pwedeng oral pwedeng in writing.
kapag oral.. may simoultaneous delivery..
ngayon pasko madaming void donation.
kapag lumampas ka ng 5K kailangan in writing na..
kapag lupa, building bahay(immovable).. it must be in a notarized
document
acceptance must be public document
kapag TV mo magreregalo ka sa bagong kasal.. kapag lagpas limang
libo..
kailangan in writing.. other wise it is void.
======================================================
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ARTICLE 84
kapag di sya absolute community.. only 20% lang..
yung excess void..
WHy do we have a separte chapter on donations on reasons by
ano ang loophole?
marriage. .
bakit may 20%? baka maging unfair?
if they are goverend by the same rules of an ordinary donations
kaya lang, may limitations apply, donations made in the marriage
settlement.
=donations are irevokable..
the moment na ibinigay mo na? hindi mo na pwedeng bawiin.
USELESS itong limitation..
what happens is that, basically if it by reason by marriage.
mag donate ka sa separate instruments.. ito ang loophole..
you have additional grounds for revoking.. ARTICLE 86
"in their marriage settlements"
=======================================================
1)
2)
ART 85.
3)when the marraige is annulled, and the donee acted in bad faith
kahit collateral pa ung house and lot.. pwede ibigay parin..
the donation may be revoked..
ninong ka sakasal.. may utang ka 1M
Look at article 50, the effects provided by a paraghraph 3 of article
ginawa mo kolateral..
43
can u donate? pwede..
shall also apply
hindi ka nagbayad sa utang? kukunin property.. ung sobra kanila..
pero pag kulang sa utang.. hindi sila may utang..
kapag na annul daw ang marriage, donation is revoked.. automatic.

kaya lang sa article 86, may be revoked..

in other words, may conflict..

sabi ni article 50.. automatic

sa art 86 - may be revoked.

alin tama, and the answer article 86. kasi may latter sa article 43.. at
art 50
since it is higher number. that means accrding to stat con.. it is the
newer
donation of the will of the legilature..

hindi sya automatic narerevoke..

4)upon legal speartion -article 64 the donation may be revoked..

pareho sila ng article 86

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5)eto daw ay problema.. this prohibition also applies.. who living together.. kahit walang
there are conditions marriage..
suspensive - hanggat hindi nagoccur ang condition.. nakasuspend
ang obligation
i'll give you 50K if manny wins over floyd.. ang obligation if manny
wins over floyd.
11102020
resolutory - the obligation exists until the condition happens.
you can use my condo in makati.. until trump looses the election..

whats the problem

ung totoong resolutury, once the condition occurs, marerevoke na

agad..
pero sa article 86.. may be revoked..
so kung di sya resolutory condition..

Kaya may problema.. kasi di may be revoked.. automatically

revoked..

sabi di ito resolutory.. this is prohibitory condition..

6 - wala na dapat ito?

System of Absolute Community

-co owners of property
what is mine is ours

GENERAL PROVISIONS

article 87
hindi pwedeng magdonate and magspouse

basically, husband and wife cannot donate to each other

1) you cannot change your property regime anymore.. kailanagn

before you get marriage..
2) the stronger spouse may unduly influence the weaker spouse..
3) the civil code, one of the policies under the civil code, protection of
the creditors.
the easiest way to defraud creditor..
by disposing of your properties..
para hindi ka na magbayad sa utang mo,..
ang pinakamadali idonate sa asawa mo.. kaya magiging fraud..
Art 88, when it is begin?
When they take each other as husband and wife
-the absolute community begins.
-they can start other time, it will be void.
Art 89. No waiver of rights
-hindi pwedeng mag waive, spouses cannot donate to each other
during marriage.. you cannot waive..
what you cannot done directly, cannot be indirectly.
except in case of judicial separation of property.
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it has appear in public document ARTICLE 77 Exclustions from Community Property

ART 92
para secured and directors, even if spouse waive to each other
pwede ang creditors mag ask sa supreme court para itigil ang waive 1) during gratuitous title by either spouse
Gratuituous
Art 90. The provisions on co owners all transactions can be reduce to two, donation and succession.

kapag donate sayo bago you got married, it will be absolute..

eto during marriage.. binigyan ka ng magulang mo during marriage

mo.. sayo lang yan
pati fruits.. unless sinabi ng donator na magiging community
property

Ex.
Granmother passed away, nakamana ng ssasakyan
this is exlusive property

etong sskyan ginagamit mo at kumita, ito ay sayo lang, kasi

exclusive property

2) Property for personal and exclusive use of either spouse.

personal and exclusive - kaialangan exclusive talaga sya..
a car can be used by both husband and wife.. would still be
community property

WHAT constitutes Community property personal and exclusive use - sya lang talaga ang gumagamit..
Pustiso.. personal yan..
Article 91
Lahat ng ari arian mo, when you get married, that becomes both Jewelry - community property..
your properties
3) property acquired before the marriage..who has legitimate
Article 93, presumption to belong to the community.. decendants by a former
marriage..
sa title, the date of registration is not equal sa date of acquisition
mas mahalaga ang date of acquisition.. kapag may former marriage.. may legitimate descendants..
magiging exclusive ang
Community property - what you owned, before, during after.. property.
-To avoid conflict later.. with the heirs of the former marriage.

NOTE: para daw maconfuse..

pag nagasawa yung sweldo mo, community property.
kung bago ka magasawa, nilalagay mo sa isang savings account,
when you got married
lahat ng sayo, magiging community property.

may asawa ka na.. still community property

nung birthday mo, o nung pasko.. binigyan ka ng magulang mo ng

puting mercedes
gratuitous title..
this is exclusive..
pinaparent mo.. pati kita exclusive parin..

assuming that you earned 8K pesos for last saturday.. may nag rent
ng white mercedes
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bumili ka ng levis jeans.. using the 8K..
who owns this eight levis jeans? - this is property acquired during the
marriage
by honorous/ownerous? title..
the moment you use it, becomes absolute community property.
ex.. husband goes to the bank, i like to borrow 4 million for a housing
loan..
to purchase loan..
with 4 million.. pauwi napadaan sa araneta.. nakakita sya ng derby..
pumasok sya dala 4 million.. pagkatapos.. natalo sya. nauwi nya
2Million..

naipatayo nyang bahay is worth only 2 million.. utang 4 million..

what happens?
kung di makabayad sa utang ang husband..
the bank can only go for 2 million..
why? the family may have been benefited..
the other 2 million, doon sa separate properties nung husband..
kaso wala halos ang husband dahil absolute property..

in real life, if you borrow from the bank, kailangan borrowers both
spouses..

kapag both chargeable na sa absolute property nila..

usually meron nakalagay sa contract, with my marital consent..

May isang case, VP ang husband ng isang corp

corp borrowed money from the bank..
we will lend you money kaya lang kailangan maging guarantor lahat
ng officers
Corp cannot pay.. bank goes to property

hindi pwede.. kasi walang exclusive property.. SC says..

ART 100 - the separation in fact doesn't affect community property..

defacto separation..

HEalth of the spouse is for the benefit of the family..

4) Taxes, liens, charges

lahat ng gastos sagot ng absolute community property

5)Taxes and espensation

mere preservation.. absolute community property

Charges and Obligations of the Absolute Community 6)expenses to enable either spouse
Art 94 activities for self..
1)
7) utang before the marriage..
2) debts and obligations - -pero dapat benefit of the family
3)debts and obligations contracted by either spouse -kailangan patunayan ng creditor..
-is important... kapag ikaw ay nagpapautang.. if you are lending
money 8) The value of that is donated or promised
to a married person.. note under number 2 and 3, kapag walang -part of support of the children.. kaya ACP parin..
consent ng
other spouse.. you can collect to the debt that benefited to the family 9)all of this should be shouldered by separate properties..
yung support ng illigitimate children..
pero kung kulang ang separate property.. o wala.. sagot
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sya ng absolute property.. advance.. vale.. dectuted from your

shares. kapag absolute properties.. halos lahat yan.

10) expenses of litigatin - ACP
this doesn't cover annulment.. - exclusive property na ito.
kapag community property kulang.. spearate properties ang sasagot.
pero pag na void.. kailangan ibalik ang pera. unjust enrichment..
no imprisonment sa debt.. you lost money.. you purchase property
without
consent..

TAKE away.. if you are buying property from a married person

kailangan, with marital consent.. or special powers from asawa..

ART 95
Whatever may be lost during that marriage..
-shall not be charge to the community..

pero any winnings therefrom shall form part of the community

property.
AR 97 - either spouse may dispose
50% lang

ART 98 -
desposition..
Exception
kapag nagsimba ka, may offerring ka di na kaialangan ng written
consent..
moderate donations..
pero kung kotse - kailangan ng written consent..

OWNERSHIP, ADMINISTRATIVE< ENJOYMENT DISPOSITION

ART 96 .
kapag bumibili ka ng property, from a married person, you have
someone selling a
piece of land? his married, selling propery is not an act of admin..
it is an act of despotition..
Kailangan may written consent ang spouse..
Dissolution of Absolute Community Regime
kapag bumili ka ng lupa.. walang consent ng asawa,, it is going to be Art 99
void.. 1) death

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2) decree of legal separtion 2. judicial separation of property

3) marriage is annulled or declared void 3. powers to be sole administrator.
void from the begining - no absolute property
except 1 case lang kapag incapacitated ang spouse.. sole administartor..
look to article 50 of the family code.. kapag abandonment - sa court pa pupunta pa sa court..
the effects provided for by paragraph 2 of article 43 shall
also apply in the proper cases to the marriage.. article 40

article 40 - void ab initio - walang

article 50 -

arti 43 (20) - shall be dissolved and liquidated

article 50 - can only give effect in relation

in other words, kapag marriage void ab inition.. ang general rule

walang absolute community.. the parties were never married to each
other

except:
subsequent marriage.. which is void under article 40
this is the way you can give effect to article 50 in releation to article
43

Liquidation of the absolute community assets

4)judicial separation of property
ARTicle 102 -

4) net property - increase in value between the market value

yung badfaith.. di sya umuuwi ng luhaan..

Husban and wife.. assest nila 2M house and lot -

during marriage husband may sexual

hindi lang makukuha ni husband ang net profits.. mawawala ang

share nya
pero sa capital meron parin syang 50% share..

ART 100 - kapag de facto lang.. kahit ilang taon ACP parin..

1) just cause..
lumayas si misis dahil binugbog..
may just cause.. kaya she still has a right to be supported..

2) judicial authorization

3) kahit gaano katagal.. basta defacto tuloy tuloy parin si ACP

ART 101 - without just cause

tatlo remedies
1. receivership
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Article 103 - upon the termination of the marriage by death
-if a married person.. kapag nag end sa death..
their supposed to liquidate within one year..
dapat ipamigay sa mga taga pag mana..
thursday conjugal property..
NOTES 12112020
conjugal partnership of gains - ART 106 - partnership rather than
absolute community
what is mine is mine.. what is yours remains yours - at the time of
marriage
what is earned by yours and mine becomes ours
those you acquired through your efforts during marriage is ours..
When is a marriage governed by the regime of conjugal partnership
of gains
ART105
only in 2 instances - 1. before they got married. .entered into
marriage settlement
2.before the family code, we have the civil code. under civil code
if you got married without settlement.. happens 99.9 % of the time..
you will
be govern conjugal partnership of gain.. civil code..
absolute community - after family code..
August 4 1988 before - civil code.. conjugal partnership of gains..
after nito absolute community na kung walang marriage settlement
panget ang pagkakagawa ng family code..
dapat ang ginawa sa family code.. dapat absolute community ng
property
hindi organize..
paulit ulit kasi.. pare pareho lang ang laman..
a lot of provisions in conjugal property absolute.. pareho..
Art 107 - art 88 and 89 shall also apply
Art 108 - shall be governed by the rules on the contract of
partnership in all
in
-special form of co -owernership partnership
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5) occupation - labor... conjugal partnership.. fishing or hunting

6) livestock existing
fruits.. ung pinanganak.. hati kayo.. conjugal ung fruits..

7)acquired by chance, winnings.. gambling..losing exclusively born by

the losing spouse.

Conjugal partnership property

asumming conjugal property

Art 116- the same is the same absolute property..

where it is acquired during the marriage, belongs to the conjugal
partnership..
SPECIAL rules
Art 117 118 and 119 articles
Test
1) when was it acquired? during the marriage or before the ART 118
marriage. -how do we illustrate
kapag before hindi conjugal partnership. Ex.
conjugal partnership everything you own when you get married is Single ka. you buy car installment 3 years to pay salary deduction
exclusive.. who owns your salary? single ka edi ikaw.. sayo lang yan..
if before its exclusive..
before the marriage automatic exclusive for 1 year salary deduction.. 12 months.. after 12 months you got
during the marriage - you got to TEST 2. married
conjugal partnership and setlemnet
2) by honorous or gratuitous -
gratuitous - exclusive - absolute community tuloy tuloy parin salary deductions.. sino na may ari? conjugal na
dahil married ka na.
absolute community - inherit, gifts.. exclusive.
after 2 years fully paid ka na sa kotse.
ownerous title?
so first 12 months exclusive.
3)ownerous title at whose expense? 24 months conjugal..
at the expense of separate properties separate parin.. later daw
malalaman -EX.
check art 117 house and lot 10 years to pay salary deduction..
(1) conjugal partnership 5 years hinulugan mo.. and then you got married.
2)labor 5 years conjugal funds na ginagamit mo...
3) common property, fruits of exclusive property - net fruits..
if you have banana plantaion before you get married. .after marriage when does ownership?
sayo parin yun
pero yung kikitain during marriage hati kayo.. net profit. pag kotse? pag bili mo nakapangalan na sayo.. pero may
4)if you look at the civil code. rule of hidden treasure.. chattel mortgage.. pag di ka nakabayad kukunin ng ng financial
if your property has hidden treasure its yours.. it is fruits.. full ownership already vested - exclusive property by the time you
buy
if you are a finder.. hati kayo.. hindi ka may ari.. civil code.. babayran mo ung ginamit reimbrse during marriage.
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paghouse and lot - pag bumibili ka ng house and lot. you are not the may kotse ka 300K.. nilagyan ng 500K na radyo ng friend mo..
owner kung sino parin may ari sa kanya parin..
contract to sell.. promise to pay.
kapag full payment mag eexcute ng deed of absolute sale in the land mo, mas mahal nilagay na building..
favor..
you will become owner upon the execution of deed absolute sale.. accessories follow principal.. general rule.. the only exception is ART
because 120
the ownership after mabayran.
however, conjugal partnership reimburse sayo ung naunang 5
years.. separate property.. conjugal partnership naglagay sa separate
(kabaliktaran ng sasakyan) property..
using your salaries..

kapag mas malaki na sa property ang value ng improvment

ART 119 .. magiging conjugal na ung property..

you already married.. nagbigay ang granpa mo.. KAPAG MAS MAHAL.. ang pinagawa or improvement..
exclusive un.. kasi gratioutus
pinautang mo ung 1.2 million 10% interest in 1 month.. kapag equal.. or less ang improvment - exclusive parin
in 12 equal intallment.. 1st month babayaran ka ng 120 K
exclusive property sayo parin un.. ===============================
ung interest..

220K na bayad.. 120 exclusive ung iba conjugal.

principal if exclusive.. remains exclusive

pero ung fruits.. belongs to the conjugal partnership.

Exclusive property of each spouse

Art 109 and art 115

All the property that you own..

ART 120
4)exclusive money exclusive parin..
special rule ang 120
there is no equivalent provision.. in absolute community property
kasi general rule
109 (2) (3) boundary ng taxi na niregalo ng
no one can be improve out of his ownerhisp
kapg ikaw may ari ng principal.. kahit pa mas mahal pa ung improve
nila doon
ikaw parin

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-personal debts contracted by the husband or the wife before or

during the marriage
-kapag hindi nagredound sa benefit

-almost the same absolute community property..

-after the responsibilities .. preceding article ..

if you look at absolute community of property.. Art 94 (9)

in case of abscense or..
-kapag kulang automatic i charge sa absolute community of property

-kailangan mabayaran muna lahat ng charges against conjugal

property..

ARTICLE 122- after the responsibilities..

-in conjugal partnership, there are more exclusive properties.. a little

bit left
open that exclusive property will be insuficient.

-absolute community property almost no exlusive property.. kaya

kapag kulang exclusive
property.. un lang differentce ng 94 and 122

Notes 12152020

Administartion of the conjugal partnership property

Art 124.
-the power is to only administer.
Conjugal partnership of gains
-if you are dealing with a married person, usually ACP or CPG
Charges Upon and Obligations of the Conjugal Partnership
Art 122 -pag bumili ng property tapos di consented ng other spouse.
kailangan may pirma din sya

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1) civil interdiction - accessory penalty

you lose parental authority
ART 125 you lose the right to manage the property
-donation is act of desposition.. kailangan may consent -di mo na mamanage kaya separate na.

-moderate donations hindi na kailangan ng onsent.
How do you resolve.. termination of conjugal
same with ACP
Liquidation - difference sa ACP at CPG
ACP sa CPG - look at 102 profits..
is the difference in the market value.. beginng and the end.. ung
difference
un ang profit..
2) declared absentee- person disappear.. unknown..
di mo na alam kung patay o buhay..
-pwede mo na hingiin na separate na properties
3)loss of parental authority
-because it is the fault of the parents..
-subject the children to sexual abuse
-corrupting....
-di ka mabuting magulang.. pwedeng sabihin na paghiwalayin na
property.

CPG - fruits lang , everything that is left after paying debt.. 4)abandoned the later , failure to comply
everything is profit. -judicial separation of property

-THATS it for CPG 5)spouse granted the power of administration in the marriage
settlements
-kailangan meron nito, kasi kung wala article 124 ang mag govern..
both sila.

6) seperated in fact, reconcilation is improbable

Separtion of property

-once you got marriage,property regime is ummutable

ART 134
ART 141 - pwede irevive..
kapag kinasal.. kung ACP yan na hanggang materminate na allows the parties to set aside and go back to former property
regime..
Legal separation - bed and board
liquidate their property regime. kabaliktaran lang nung causes for juditial separation..
if they reconcile their former property is not revived
1) civil interdiction terminates
Exception - judicial Order 1) voluntary -kahit walang dahilan 2) absentee spouse reappears
2) cause - may dahilan 3) etc..
Art 135- judicial separation of property etc...

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READ!!! REGIME OF COMPLETE SEPARATION OF PROPERTY

7) voluntary naman - if it is voluntary separation of property and ART 143 - if you agree with mariage settlements..
they agreed to revive legal separation -
HINDI mo na pwede gawin ulit ito.. petition for judicial separation of property - voluntary or cause
in other words 1 time deal lang.. Art 144 -

PERO UNG FOR CAUSE - kahit ilang beses..

civil interdiction - granted.. tapos na terminate.. tapos nagdisapear.. can be total or can be partial -
tapos nag appear
pwedeng paulit ulit.. walang limit..

ASIDE from this you cannot change your property regime..

kasi immutable ang property regime.

ART 145 - lahat ng properties mo sayo, lahat ng kanya kanya..

paano ung gastos, both bare the family expenses in propertion to
their income
kung kulang sa property

ART 142 - administration of property ART 146 -

exclusive property
1) guardian of the other - pag di na nya kaya
2) absentee - person disappears.. pinaka logical ung asawa ang
magmamanage
3) civil interdiction - you loose the right to manage the property
4) fugitive from justice or is in hiding as an accused in a criminal case

court shall point pag other spouse is not qualified by reason

Property regime of unions without marriage

govern parin sila ng property regime..
kahit livein lang.. nagsasama lang.. meron parin..

two articles ang nagcocover

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ART 147 -1) a man and a woman who are capacitated to marry each
other.. living exclusivly
LIVe IN - common law marriage..
BAKIT? kasi family code would like to encourage people to get
marriage..
to avoid unfair.. unequitable results.
2) a man and a woman who are capacitated to marry each other-
under a void marriage
Ex. fake ang marriage license - void ab initio
solemnizing officer not authorize - void mariage
===================================================
Supreme court - if a marriage is declare null and void ab initio of
ground of
psychological incapacity article 147 applies
===================================================
What are the rules in article 147
-wages and salaries shall be owned by them in equal share
kung ung isang live in partner ay nakatira sabhay at isa
nagtratrabaho
ang sweldo nung nagttrabaho ay pagaari nilang dalawa.. owned by
them in equal share.
Ex.
Basketball player, tambay tambay palaro laro ng basketball..
nainlove sa kanya
ang nagjajapan, nagsama sila.. babae nagpupunta sa japan..
samantalang si lalake
nakatambay lang.. umupa sila tapos pinapadala sya ng 10 lapad
every month..
narinig ni babae na nagiinom lang itong si lalake at gastusin ang
pera nya..
nagpapadala si babae, binili ung apartment..
pero si lalake nag iinom.. umuwi si babae.. pinalayas si lalake..
pero magaapply si Art 147.. kahit di pa sila kasal. kinikita ng isa
pagaari nila.
owned by them in equal share..
property acquired by them - co-ownership..
co-ownerhsip - kung ano contribution mo, un ang sayo.. 25% ung isa
ung isa 75%.. un ang
sayo..
But wait!!!
in the absence of proof - all properties - should be owned by them in
equal shares..
But Wait!!
a party did not participate in the acquistion
-taking care etc.. .50% contribution
Ex.
40 year old man, entering into relationship with 18 years old.
after 4 years, the man purchase condo using his salary
pera before living together.. buys condominium..
if woman stayed at home - 50% parin ang share nya.. thats deemed
as an equal contribution
to sum up - ano ang common properties?
salary and wages - habang nagsasama
-property through work or industry profession during the
cohabitation
-kung magkano ang contributions..
-except kung one takes care of the family - equal
ano ano ang exclusive property
Art 147 meron din.. ano?
-all property that you own at the time begin cohabiting properry
parang conjugal partnership of gains..lahat ng pagaari mo at the
time maglive in kayo
separate property sya
-all property acquired gratitiouts title during the cohabitation.. also
exclusive..
para syang absolute property.. kahit exclusive funds ang ginamit
mo..
hati parin kayo..
When only one of the parties to a void marriage is in good faith.. etc
- kapag na declare na null and void - SC already ruled.. psychological
capacity
Hindi at fault sya.. walang forfeiture pag Psychological incapacity..
Art 147 FAVORITE ng Bar examiners.. art 148
Michael and ana - bar question
Void - no marriage ceremenoy.. void abinition
What property regime?
Two person capacitated to marry - void marriage
property regime under Art 147 - unions without marriage
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FOr five years since 1987 - bar question

A)who will be entitled to the house and lot?

They are capacitated to marry - no marriage
ART 147 that applies.
under art 147 - salaries by owned by them in equal share..
efforts in the maintaining household and family.. equal. during
cohabitation
clearly house and lot.. equal share.. tony use salaries to buy that..
even if tony use exclusive funds.. susan efforts in household is
considered
equal contribution

B) would it make any difference if

Yes, it make a diffference.. 147 would not apply.. both capacitated to
marry each
other..
ibang article ang mag aapply.. kapag living together pero di
capacitated
148 ang magaapply
The property will go to Tony and Alice..

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ART 148 -
-maraming ka live in.. sabay sabay.. kapag hindi exclusive
-two parties living together but not capacitated to marry each other.. Who are members of the family
eto magaapply
Art 150
1) between husband and wife
Ano ang rules kapag 2) between parents and children
3) Among other ascendants and descendants
two parties living together but not capacitated to marry each other 4) among brothers and sisters, wheter of the full or half-blood

only the property acquired property... There is a consitutional mandate to protect the family.. foundation of
yung efforts in taking care of family and household.. not counted.. the nation
salaries and wages, hindi na hold..
kung magkano ang contribution mo.. yun lang ang share mo..

although in the absent of proof to the contrary.. presumtion is

equal..
kung walang ebidensya.. 50/50 ang presumtion..

IF YOU LOOK AT ARTICLE 130 and ARTICLE 103

if you are marriad
marriage terminates.. you are supposed to liquidate and settle
in the proceeding
you supposed to liquidate..
if you married again.. without liquidation
your next marriage magiging complete separation of property..

Conjugal partnership
marriage settlement
married before august 4, 1988 without any marraige settlemt HOW do we protect the family

complete settlement of property ARt 151 - no suit between members of the same family shall
marriage settlement - aggree complete separation of property prosper..
marriad already - terminate.. you did not liquidate Art 130 and 103.. -ayaw na magfile na case sa miyembro ng family..
mandatory regime -kailangan may earnest efforts..
Married property regime - legal separation - complete separation
married - voluntary aggree to judicial sepaation.. or there is a cause.. What if nilagay ni lawyer earnest effors.. pero di ka naman nag
earnest efforts
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-perjury ang kaso mo.. kasi under oath ka.. What is the family home
Article 152
ART 2035 - no compromise -House and Lot where the house is situated
1) civil status of person - kinasuhan ng anak sa labas na kilalanin ka.. familly
2) validity of a marriage or a legal separation - state is interested in -husband and wife
marriage -brothers and sisters
3) any ground for legal separation -ascendants and descendants
4) future Support - cannot be compromised because support is
everyone needs in order to How do you create a family home
survive Under civil code there is a family home
5) The jurisdication of courts - the authoroty to decide. fixed by law -file an affidavit registration of property to create a family home
6) Future legitime - future na mana.. ang mana is in the future is which
merely nobody did
an expentancy, hindi sya pwedeng icompromise -code says make it easy..
so what happens? Art 153
-constituted from the time constituted from the time.. family
Ex. si bayaw is not a member of a family.. residence..
if alx de rossi filed against asunta.. earnest efforts.. kailangan state
nya Ano ang gamit ng family home?
if alex de rossie filed against asunta and jules.. jules is not a member -all of these provisions are suppose to protect and strengthen the
of a family. family
hindi na kailangan state ang earnest efforts.. -look at the 2nd sentence 153. from the time of its constitution...
-ano advantage? it exempt from execution, forced sale or
ITO ANG 151... protect and strengthen the family.. attachment except as herein..
in other words, magkautang utang man... hindi mareremata ang
HOUSE and LOT..
Notes 12172020 -The law make sure that the family will always have a home..
-the family will be forced to move out..

Sino sino ang mga beneficiary?

-so long as the beneficiaries are there
ART 154 - members and the family
-husband and the wife
-head of the family no definition in code..
-look at the definition of BIR - kung sino ung bumubuhay sa pamilya
na walang pamilya
head of the family.
-Their parent, ascendant descendant, brothers and sisters, children
** as a general rule** ibig sabihin may exeptions

Family Home
chapter of family

list down the measures which the states undertakes in order to

protect
and stregthen the family.

family home is part of the state effort to protect and strengthen the
family

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what credit can be charge?

the family home 155 Art
1) for non payment of taxes - lahat ng klase ng tax, kasi walang
nilagay lahat pwedeng
singilin (nawalan na kayo ng bahay, basta makuha ang pera namin)
2) debt incurred prior to the constitution of the family home - lahat
ng utang bago
tumira sa family residence pwdeng icharge sa family home
3) for debts secured by mortgate - isinangla ng may ari ang house
and lot whether
living after or before pwede syang kunin.. (masyadong dupang kung
uutang tapos di ka
masisingil)pag ginamit na collateral.. pwede yan.
4) debts due to laborers, mechanics, arhcitechs - this just.. laborers
etc, should be paid
ang tanong lang dito? ano ang ginagawa ng mechanic sa pagtayo
ng building? haha!!!

ART 160 - if you have a judgement creditor, whos credit cannot be

charge against the
family home, if he believes that it is more than 300 and 200,he can
go to court for
execution.. and court will grant execution if it finds that the family
home is more than it.
-pwede syang i for sale..

ART 156 - kailangan pagaari ng magasawa ang HOUSE and LOT (AC
or CP)
-kung di sa kanila it will never be executed upon.. it will never be
attachment of sale.
-for the protection to be real, kailangan pagaari ng magaswa, or
exclusive property nila.
-kung pagaari pwedeng kunin ng pagkakautangan. How long it last(family house)? 159 ART

The protection granted to FAMILY home is an illusion rather than -kahit mamatay isa o dalawa, 10 years.. or pag may minors.. CHECK..
reality..
Lokohan daw sabi ni sir.. Bakit? Art 157 Can the family be sold? ART 158
-actual value of the family home shall not exceed, at the time of its =-if majority of benificiary agreed
constitution,
300 urban isa lang ang family home na pwedeng i constitute
200 rural pero as of now it is more of illusion rather than reality

Rich do not need the protection of family home.. kasi mayaman sila
Mahihirap cannot afford a house and lot

Sino nangangailangan?
-middle class - magkaroon ng sariling bahay ang lupa ang gusto
nila..

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pagagandahin talaga nila.. pag pinaganda mo yan.. yari ka? sex.. woman gets pregnant.. married sila.. pero namatay si man.. we
lalagpas ng 300K think this is legitimate

TITLE 6
Paternity and Filiation(Legitimate Children) Filiation relationship of
children to parents

-why paternity lang? the mother is always known..

-NATURAL or by ADOPTION
-natural can be legitimate or illegitimate(anak sa labas) bastardo

ARTILCE 166 - husband complaining that he is not the father.. mother

is always known.

impuning legitimacy - the husband saying hindi ako ang ama..

-child of the wife.. husband saying I am not the father.. for 3
reasons..
163
164 - sino ang legitimate? 1) physically impossible.. sexual intercourse.. Hindi ako
magic word "OR" nakipagsex..for 120 days..
-Children conveived or born during the marriage of the parents are 300 days.. 10 months.. 270- 9 months.. minsan delay.. minsan ayaw
legitimate lumabas..
-kahit pinanganak sya hiwalay na or patay na.. legitimate parin.. dahilan bakit walang sex
a) physical incapacity
-Children conveived before the marriage - nabuo bago ikasal.. bakit b) live separately
pre-marital sex.. dahil nabuntis magpapakasal.. napanganak nung c) serious illness
kasal sila.. 2) That it is proved that for biological or other scientific reasons
legitimate parin.. -blood testing is exclutionary - type a, type a, ab si anak..
-dna testing pinaka dabest - magastos.. mga 40K -
-nabuo kasal na pinaganak kasal na.. - legitimate.. lahat ito.. accepted by court.
3) mistake, fraud, violation
children conceive through artificial insemination - with the sperm of
the husband
or donor or mixed.. tapos nabuntis nanganak.. legitimate parin.. ang
importante
kailangan may instrument which either authorizes.. so long as before
pinanganak ang
bata ung instrument.. legitimate parin sya..

surrogate - hindi legitimate.. wala sa batas..

illegitimate children magic word "AND"

conceived and born outside a valid marriage -illegitimate..
exception - marriages declared void ab initio psychological capacity
Third one - party are in a relationship, because their relationsip they
have pre-marital
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-this is in the absence of proof to the contrary

-40K DNA test.. st lukes, nbi, pnp crime lab.. up forensics

ART 169 - legitimacy or illegitimacy

Ano ang pagkakaiba ng 168 sa 169

168 the mother marries again.. the mother gives birth within 300
days
kapag after 300 days - the next husband will be father

169 -- woman whos marriage terminates.. and she does not marry
again..
she just become pregnant.
-ano ang status ng bata? na ipinanganak sa woman who is a formely
married..
Art 167 - within 300 days? - the child is the child of deceased husband..
Paano kapag lampas na sa 300 days- child has no status.. has no fix
ART 168 - status..
look at the revised penal code on marriage Illegal marriages.. one who ever claims that he is legitimate must prove that he is
provision legitimate.. vice versa
which prohibit the widow from marriage 301 day..
why 301? ayaw nung batas na magkaroon ng anak sa iba.. wag ka -in theory, walang fix na status.. in real life, mahihiya ang nanay..
muna magpakasal ilalagay nya
within 301 days. illegitimate..

Notes 12182020

Legitimate filliation
-revised penal code 301 day woman cannot get married after
death of husband.. because of the conception..
-to avoid confusion..
Article 168 - this governs in the abscense of proof..
Paano kung exact 180? the law is silent.. di pa natetesting ito..
ART 170
status of children - whether legit or illegit
-state is interested
-to be fixed at quicly as possible..
-within one year lang para iaccept or hindi accept ng llaki.
-last sentence ng 170.. wag ng pansinin.. pareho lang yan sa 1st
sentence..
-one year from knowledge from the birth..
-one year from the recording of the birth..
-depending.. one year, two years, three years..
-sino ang pwedeng magfile? only the husband, not the wife.

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-kung si husband hindi nagrereklamo.. walang ibang pwedeng -husband and wife they have 2 daughters
magreklamo -suddenly another man appears claiming the father of 2 daughters
-he even execute an affidavit saying he is the father of 2 daughters
-walang nangyari
171 - general rule it should be the husband.. exception heirs -later on the man dies, leaving behind substantial property.
-the two dauthers alam nilang namatay ung nagcclaim na tatay nila
1) if you are talking about in behalf of the deceased husband.. only -ung Two daughters dahil maraming naiwan, nagfile sila sa korte
have the remaining -ano sabi ng SC - action two impugne your legitimace
period -filing your father is not your father.. which cannot be done by
-defacto separation anybody else
-nabuntis -only by the husband.. CASE DISMISSED.
-pinangalan sa ex
-namatay si husband 8th month
-4 months nalang natitira sa heirs kasi 12 lang sa same city.. PROOF OF FILIATION - what is proof of filiation?
-anak ito na nagasasbi na ikaw ang tatay ko
2) -bakit kailangan patunayan ng bata na sya ung tatay.. o
-one year, two years, three years, para patunayan.. bakit kailangan
patunayan ng bata
3) -ganito kasi yan, kung ikaw ang tatay meron kang one two three to
file.. years
NOTE - only the husband can file as a general rule.. -paano na gagawin ngayon? paninigasan mo na hindi kita anak..
or the heirs 171.. para yung bata mapipilitan ng kaso na patunayan na ikaw ang ama..
NOT ANYBODY ELSE

ex

-husband and wife - married

-before they got married the wife married is alredy someone else
-they have 1 child.. she concealed previous marriage
-galit na galit ung husband..
-he files nullity of marriage.. on the ground ART 41.. subsequent
marriage
-granted.. before si wife..
-sa galit ni wife, hindi na nya pinakita kay second husband.
-ayaw na ipakita ung anak kahit anong gawin nya.
-he goes to court petition for visitation rights over his child.
-ano ang sabi ng Trial Court? -
who is legitimate? children conceived born are legitimate.
-si wife married parin sa unang husband
-void ab initio sa pangalawa.
-kaninong anak si child? under the law, the child is the child of the
ART 172 -forcing the child to prove
first husband (art 167)
-ano evidence na pwedeng gamitin nung child
conceive or born during the marriage to her first husband
1) record of birth - we mean a record of birth where the allege father
-if we will allow you to visit the child, sinasabi mo na ikaw ang tatay
participate.
at hindi ung
sa likod ng form ng BC may portion jan na ung ama inaamin nya na
isa..
sya ung ama..
-yun ang action to impugne the legitimacy of the child. indirectly.
2) admission of legitimate filiation in a public document(notarize
-sinasabi mo na hindi si 1st husband.
document) inamin na
-the only person that can file the action is the husband, not anybody
ikaw ang ama sa notorize document. Marriage settlement(kahit di
else.. or his
natuloy ang kasal
heirs (ART 170), therefore, na dismiss. because this is an action to
pero inamin mo na ikaw ang ama.. valid yun).. Private handwritten
impugne the
instrument and
legitimacy
signed by the parent(hindi notarize.. pero evidence parin)
-moral of the story, you don't admit it in writing. HAHA

2nd Case
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1) open and continous 4 classes of evidence

ex- grade 1 tapos moving up ceremony - ikaw ung most behave..
at sino nagsabit? ung lalaki.. example yan nitong provision..
pinapadalan ng pera, atbp
2) any other means allowed by the Rules of Court and special laws
divided by 2 and 2
first two
-final judgement declaring illegitimate
-public instrument signed by the parents concerned
-hand written signed by the parent admitting filiation
record of birth where the allege father participate

second two
-open and continous posesion status of the illegimate child
-any other means allowed by the rules of court. ART 173 during the
lifetime
of the illegitamet child

when the action is based on the second

-the action must be brought during the lifetime of the parent(father)
-kahit may DNA ka pa, kung patay na ang parent, you cannot bring it
anymore
ART 172 and 173

ART 172 and 173

-sabi ng 173, if the legitimate child during the minority, or the state
of instanity
the action is to the parents heirs(5 years) pag legitimate, kahit patay
Art 173
na tatay basta
Hanggat nabubuhay si child.. pwede sya mag file.. walang pakialam
may DNA pwede
kung patay na
or buhay pa ang father..
article 175 - silent. if the illegitimate child, tapos na boxing...
-pag
pag namatay minority or state of insanity, wala na..
Art 174

ART 176 - Republic vs Kapote

ano right ng legitimate children?
an illegitimate child not recognized by the father uses the surname of
Surname
the
Suport
mother and has no middle name.
Succession
-kapag walang middle name.. alam mo na..

01052021 RIGHTS OF ILLEGITIMATE CHILD

Surname, Support, Succession
Illigitimate Children -surname nanay
REvilla law - illigitimate child can use the fathers name, if
they will
be allowed by the father
-kung di ka kinikilala ng nanay, sa nanay.. pero kung kinikilala ng
tatay.. pwede

Support of illigitimate children - separate property

Succession -legitime of the illigitimate

consist of 1/2 of the legitimate child.

maximum yan

x dies with legitimate child A and illegitimate child B

he dies with 12 Million in property

What happened?
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legitime A - 6 million - 1/2

Illegitimate B - 3 million - 1/2 of 1/2

x dies with legitimate child A and illegitimate B and C

12 million

A - 6 million
B - 3 million
C - 3 million

x dies with legitimate child A and illegitimate B, C and D

A - 6 million
B, C and D - if follow 176, meron silang 3 million each.. kaso sobra
paano gagawin? ang ending A - 6 million.. B, C, and D pag hahatian
nila ung 6 million
remaining.
ART 178
x dies with spouse Y and Legitimate child A and illegitiamate child B,
C and D ART 179 - legitimated children shall enjoy the same rights as
legitimate children.
una ang spouse and legitimate
spouse gets 1/4 and legitiamate A - 6 million Nagpakasal ang magulang nya kaya naging legitimate sya..

B,C and D - 1 million each KWENTO NI SIR

-si juan at si nena, both 22 years old. Juan and Nena are BF.. they
Illigitimate - conceived and born outside marriage lived in a small
barrio in a very far away province. Sabi ni Juan napakahirap ng
Legitimate - conceived or born during the marriage of parent buhay dito, magsasaka
lang. Sabi nya I'll go to manila to look for a better future. Hinanap
nya si Nena para
magpaalam. Naglalakad sya di nya makita sa barrio. Nakita nya si
Nena sa falls naliligo
naka puting tshirt lang. Naligo si Juan tapos may nangyari sa kanila.
Pumuta si juan
sa manila.. hindi nya alam nabuntis si Nena. Nanganak si Nena, si A.
habang nasa
manila si Juan walang makita na trabaho.. puro "no vacancy"..
pinasok sya ng kaibigan nya
as macho dancer sa Modelo Hunks sa may North Cementery sa tapat
ng gasolinahan doon sa
kanto nakilala nya si Bella Flores, inuwi sya ngayon, ginawa syang
Toy Boy. Pinakasalan
nya si Bella na matanda. Nakatira sa Forbes park. umuwi sya sa
probinsya namatay ang
ART 177 tatay ni juan. nakita nya si nena naliligo at may nangyari.. nabuntis
Third Class of Children - legitimated Children nya ulit si nena
Pinanganak na si B.
-begin as illegitimate child - child conceived and born outside
wedlock later on namatay si bella flores.. Umuwi nangyari ulit, pinanganak si
C
pinakasalan na si Nena nabuo si D..

anong status ni A - conceived not married ang parents.. started as

illegitimate
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but later on her parent marriage each other.. he become basically dalawa lang.. legitimate, illigitimate.. legitimated same as
legitimated.. legitimate

anong status ni B - conceived during marriage to Bella.. umuwi dahil Juan and Nena, same set of parents... what can Juan and Nena do
namatay ang tatay para kay B?
ni father.. disqualified from marrying his mother.. even if their ano ang solusyon? – ADOPTION
parents married
each other.. illegitimate parin

anong status ni C - legitimated din.. wala ng asawa si Juan

Anong status ni D - married na parents nya - legitimate

Parents just need to go to civil registar and submit marriage cert

submit affidavit that at the time the child conceived walang
impedimet
or they are below 18..
ganun lang kadali ang proseso.

The PSA doesn't issue new birth certificate.. and BS ng legitimate

magkakaroon lang
ng marginal notation.

Ang problema natin ito, sa totoong buhay, magsisinungaling..

halimbawa
january 5 pinanganak, kasal po ba kayo..

Article 181
Even a dead child can be legitimated

-x and y living relationship 5 childrens A, B, C, D and E

not married, illigitimate.
next 40 years they don't married each other.

A-E are all adult.. but illigitimate

Filiation can be natural or by aditional
A the eldest M - they have children M,N,O,P - illegitimate also
on the 50 LEGITIMATE
ILLIGITIMATE
namatay si A. LEGITIMATED
ADOPTIOn - judicial act.. noong araw ito lang valid.
nagpakasal si X and Y - kahit patay si A pwede parin syang maging
legitimate kailangan dumaan sa court..
at ung children nya makikinabang parin
Noong araw it is for benefit of the adopter - kaya noon di pwede
Art 182 - who can complate mag adopt kapag may
-only who are prejudice in their rights. anak ka na.
(the other heirs) of the parent
modern trend - adoption is for the benefit of the adoptee..
-parents marriage without license.

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C) Guardian
does the guardian ba need good moral?
does the guardian moral turpitude.. etc..

requirement lang is guarduanship..

REPUBLIC 8552 - has a defect..

Who may adopt (RA 8552) iba ang A, B, and C.
Napaka strict ng pagadopt
3 categories of person who can adopt

A) filipino citizen 01082021

-legal age
-in possession of civil capacity and legal rights
-of good moral character
-moral turpitude
-emotionally and psychologically capable of caring for children
-at least sixteen years older than the adoptee
(pwede i wave basta biological parent) (spouse of the adoptees
parent)

Who May Be Adopted

-a bit defective

RA 8552 - you have 6 categories of children who may be adopted.

A) ANy person below eighteen 18 years of age

B) foreigner - mas strict -recently law passed.. DSWD can only declare if child is for adoption
-same qualification as filipino
-diplomatic relationship sa country nila.. B)legitimate son/daughter of one spouse by the other spouse
-living in the phils.. 3 continous years, prior to filing of adoption RA 8552 -domestic act
maintain residence until the final adoption. look at definition of term
Child - below 18
-we can waive residency
SON/Daugther here is important.. even if you are above 18 pwede
-kapag married, silang dalawa dapat qualified.. pa!
Former filipino citizen, pwede i waive ung 3 continous years
pero sa foreigner hindi pwede.
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C) An illegitimate son/daugther by a qualified adopter declaration of that the child is for adoption.
-solution sa problem of JUAN and NENA ang dami lang kailangan sa DSWD

kahit nasa edad ang anak.. pwede parin iadopt.. para maimprove SC passed a rule on adoption
and status to that added this
legitimate G - any other child not otherwise disqualified by the law or this rule.
kailangan talaga dumaan sa DSWD.
D) clear proof that adoption is not only for minors.
-valid adoption is adoption granted by the court
-pag usap usap.. ampon amponan lang yun..

E) a child whose adoption has been previously sescinded

F) a child whose biolgical or adoptive parents

There was a problem here...

-leave out significant class of children

Ex
naglalakad sa tabi ng ilog kasama ng mga alalay.. habang
naglalakad ka ay may narinig
ka na umiiyak na bata.. natignan mo nakita mo basket sa ilog..
kinuha mo ung bata na napulot mo dahil pogi.
after 3 years napamahal na sayo.. gusto mo na iadopt..
question PASOK ba sya sa ABCDEF?
-hindi mo sinuko sa DSWD..
-hindi yan anak ng asawa mo Whose consent is Necessary to the Adoption
-hindi yan illegitimate son/daughter
a) the adoptee if ten years of age or over

Ex. b) the biological perents of the child, if known, or the legal guardian,
pamangkin lgalag.. nagnew year sa hotel.. puro bading ang kasama or the proper
nalasing.. hinalikan ang bading. nagsex sila ng bading.. nabuntis sya government insrumentality
16 years old.
ano sabi mo? pagnanganak yan ako na kukuha sa bata.. ako na c) legitimate and adopted sons/daughters
bahala sa bata.. -madadagadagan daw kasi ng kahati sa mana
secreto nalang.. tatlong taon na nasayo
NASA ABCDEF ba yan? d) illigitimate sons/daugthers... living with the said adopter and the
latters spouse
Ex.
Kasambahay nyo, december 31 nagpaalam na naman.. magkikita general rule - who may adopt - if the adopter is married both the
daw ni DUDONG husband and the wife.
nabuntis.. naglaho si dudong.. sabi mo sa kasambahay mo ako na both of them should be qualified
magaalaga nyan. -convicted
pinaalis na kasambahay.. wag ka na bumalik dito akin na ung bata..
Pagnapamahal na ung bata, gusto mo iadopt, wala din yan dito sa Exemption
ABCDEF? 1) if you are legally separated
-di na kailangan jointly adopted
ang solution, wait for legal age.. letter D lang ang pwedeng gawin. -pero kailangan nya mag consent.. while he/she not magadopt pero
wait for legal kailangan nya magconsent
age.
-the law forgot this sector of children- 2)if you are adopting your own illegitimate child - the spouse would
not need it anymore
what you can do is to go to DSWD.. mageexecute ng voluntary angn pero need ng consent
parents ng bata..
kaso nagkakaproblema kailangan daw ng magulang.. minsan..
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e) CASTRO V. GREGORIO - husband and wife naghiwalay because

husband ACDC..
meron sila daugther
Lover daw ni husband ang kanyang driver
Inaddopt ni husband ung 2 children ng driver without consent ng
spouse and daugther.
namatay si husband doon lang nakita ung adoption.. pinapa tangal
sa court.. kasi nga
walang consent..
VOID ab INITIO sabi ng court - ganito kaimportante and CONSENT.
-it cannot be collaterally
-it can be directly -

PROCEDURE

CASE Study - lahat ne petition kailangan may case study

-homestudy
-case study of the child.

pinagaaralan ung bata and prospective adopter.

Supervised Trial CUSTODY -

Foreigners kailagnan mag complete ng 6 months..

except if they are filipino children.
kapag inabandon na ng parents mga bata, di na kailangan ng
===========================================
consent nya for adoption

KANG vs CA - abandone child...

abandoment - total cutting of connection between parents and

children.

CHUA vs Cabangbang - binigay nya ung bata sa magasawa.. tapos

after 6 years bumalik sya
para kunin ang bata.. or kapalit jeep..
abandonment.. sabi ng court.

===================================================

Decree of adoption
-it has to be published..

effective on the date it was filed.. while the case is ongoing..

kapag namatay before issuance ang petitioner.. favorable parin kay

child.

pwede din mag pa palit ng first name

==================================
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Article 919,

Tangalan lang ng mana ang suwail na inadopt.

EFFECT OF ADOPTINO

Parental Authority
LEGITIMACY
SUCCESSIOn
Domestic adoption - mabigat ang parusa
adoption is between the adopter and the adoptee
if 2 or more person ang nagconspire.. pag syndicate life
hindi kaano ano yung magulang ng bata.. pati ung lolo at lola nya
imprisonment
(nanay nung adopter)
pag large scale, 2 or more children... life imprisonment

adopting children - ginawa mong negosyo.. heavy penalty..

01122021
Simulation of birth - ginagawa ng iba, usually adoption is

agreement ng iba.. late registration para di na pumunta sa korte..

bawal..
kasi matagal ung dadaan sa korte.. ginagawa nalang, late
registration sa civil
registrar. DOMESTIC ADOPTION ACT - simulation of birth.. this is
crime..
10-12 years imprisonment.
-to avoid getting children.. pinapalabas lang ng anak nila..

FOREIGNER - 3 consecutive years bago makapag adopt..

-exceptions former filipino citizen

Pag married - joint adoption

Pag foreigner 0 pwede magtake advanage ng INTER-COUNTRY

ADOPTION (RA 8043)
Rescission of Adoption -File petition abroad
Sec 19. -it takes place abroad
-decreed of adoption - abroad.
Pambubugbog lang or verbal maltreatment ay kulang..
it is not a philippine court who issued the decree
Adoptee who can file petition for rescision
passed because of INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENT - pumirma ang
Hindi pwedeng iset aside pag graned na nung nag adopt pilipinas sa Treaty
pwedeng tangalan ng mana..

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each Country has its own agency, and in charge of adoption for Magastos, pati pamasahe,minor yan kaya lahat gagastusan
foreigners..
Law establishes Inter-Country Adoption Board. Only legaly free child below 15 can be adopted
voluntary or involuntary -DSWD
DOMESTIC ADOPTION
-children should stay with their parents -AGENCY ABROAD ang nag ggrant sa INTER-COUNTRY adoption
-if not, extended family..
-pag di kaya ng magulang, dapat kamaganak.

pag wala dito.. tsaka palang magkakaroon ng unrelated person

-dapat filipino..
-Pinaka last ung FOREIGNER ang magaadopt.
-We don't really like filipinos getting adopted by foreigners

OFFICE nila malapit sa CUBAO - sa likod ng NEPA QMART - may

eskwelahan.. malapit sa QC jail

Administrative adoption (RA 11222)

bago lang ang batas na ito.. march 2019

-Under the domestic adoption act - krimen ung simulation of Birth..

papalabasin mo na
anak mo na hindi ikaw ang tunay na magulang
-may amnesty - within 5 years pinapatawad.. kaso walang nag avail.

Kaya nagkaroon ng Administrative adoption

-those who simulated the birth, prior to the effectivity of the act.. 10
years
WHO MAY ADOPT Hanggang March 29, 2029 itong RA 11222
SEC 9..
b) Married, his/her spouse must jointly -kailangan magfile ka sa DSWD within 10 years..
-the simulation of the birth of the child must be prior to RA 11222
-16 years older
para di ka guilty , falsification, simulation of birth
-ang daming requirements
-pero walang residency sa Iner country kailangan, simulated
-kaialangan 3 years before the effectivity of RA 11222
=================================
Who may be adopted
magkaiba sa domestic

domestic = 6 categories

Inter-country - isa lang..

-only a legally free child may be the subject of inter-country adoption

-CHILD - below 15 years of age

-Legally Free

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Qualification
PROCEDURE
Sec 7
sino magaapprove overall secretray of social welffare.. SEE SECTION
pati birth cert ipapacorrect - dahil basta basta pinarehistro 10

almost the same with DOMESTIC adoption

SEC 11 - ORDER of adoption

Who must consent to adoption DOMESTIC ADOPTION - normally, civil registry hindi nagccancel ng
Birth Certificate
di na kinakansel.. nilalagyan lang sa tabi.. marginal note..
-same sa domestic
SEC 11
ORDER adoption - naccancel.. itatago.. lalabas ang bagong birth
-yun lang di ka na dadaan sa korte
certificate, di makikita
na adopted yung bata.. There is nothing in the BC that the child is
adopted.
NEW BC being issued. di na lalabas yan kasi confidencial.

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EFFECT of Administrative Adoption PARENTAL AUTHORITY

-same lang
-Legitimate, same lang.. SUCCESSION, SURNAME, SUPPORT
adoption is between the adopter and the adopted.
-pwede ka lang magmanda sa adopter mo
-magulang ng magulang mo, you can't
-sa kapatid mo.. hindi mo yan kapatid.. it is only between you and
the adopter.
di ka makakapag mana sa kapatid..
-PATRIA POTESTA
-parental authority - is a right as well as an obligation.
Family Code - defined as natural right
kahit walang batas na nageestablish ng Parental Authority.. meron
talagang kapangyarihan
ang magulang sa person and property ng anak habang eto ay Menor
de Edad

Notice - kung walang magrereklamo.. sa BC walang nakalagay na -Parental Authority - more on obligation sa pagpapalaki ng anak..
adopted ka.. unless eto ung tingin natin
you get a court order.. pag may pumalag na mga kamag-anak..

RECISSION of Adoption

-same as domestic

-despite having counseling - eto nawala..

E) - eto nadagdag lang..

-the adopter cannot rescind the adoption.. disinheritance lang ang

pwede nyang gawin.

HINDI KA NA DADAAN SA KORTE -

PATI RESICION - hindi narin.

EFFECTS OF RESCISSION Purpose of Parental AUTHORITY

-restored if known ang biological parents.
Filiation - can be by nature by fiction of law.
-bakit importante ang P A
-kapag ang asawa nagaaway hindi issue ang PA
-for purpose of cultivating the intelligence .. intelectual faculties of
children
parents are entitled to keep them in company

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91

-pag nagaaway ang magasawa, pati ang mga anak, pinagaaway.. ANY aggreement - invalid.. or even if it is valid - it is only temporary.
kung sino ang may custody
sa anak.
-who ever exercises parental authority gets custody, how can you
cultivate if they are not
with you. You are entitled

Art 209. Pursuan to the natural right and duty of parents
-parental authority - may not be authorized to be canceled..
renounced
except, causes andd case
Sagala-Eslao v. CA
-magasawa namatay si lalake.
-sabi ng nanay ng lalake - ung isang anak mo iwan mo saken
-sabi ni asawa na babae iniwan sa lalake.. paternal grand mother..
-negosyo ng lolo, boarding house
-si nanay, bumalik sa pampanga.. byuda
-nakakilala ng dentista.. nagpakilala.. foreigner ang dentista pero
dating filipino.
-kinukuha ang anak..
sabi ng lola.. magkakamatayan tayo.. ayaw ibigay ng lola..
umabot pa ng supreme court
RTC -
CA - sa lola
in all qustions of custody ng children ano ang numer1 consideration
-best interest of the child.. ano ang makakabuti sa bata?
-patirahin sa boarding house sa sampaloc, o sa California CA
SANTOS V CA
-classic case in psychological capacity
-Santos - liutenant in Philippine army.. nakilala nurse.. pinakkasaan
nagkaroon ng 1 anak.
-napunta asawa sa ibang bansa.. hindi na nagpakita ang asawa nya
-nagfile ng psychological incapacity - ito ang pinakaunang
psychological incapacity
na napunta sa SC
refusal to commuicate - not psychological incapacity - hindi lang
nakipagcommunicate
limited to the most serious cases
Santos Sr. V CA - Part 2.. natalo si liutenant santos..
-yung anak nya, nandun sa lola at lolo sa magulang ng bata..
bumisita lang si santos
isang araw bumisita sya at tinakbo na nya ang bata.. galit na galit
ang magulang ni julia
ung lolo at lola
go to ourt.. RTC - tatay, CA-lola at lola, mas makakabuti..
umapela sa CA si Tatay
SC - parental authority ART 210.. may not be renounced....
any agreement.. is void... assuming it is valid.. merely temporary..

SC - hindi makakabuti sa bata yung wala sa nanay.. between lola and
nanay.. Nanay..
dalin sa California USA.
Lola - may kasunduan kami.. alala ng nasirang anak.
Parental Authority - may not be renounced and Cancelled unless
authorized by law
Between Lolo at lola .. mas magaling parin ang magulang..
only valid adoption - authorized by court
===========================================
Gamboa-hirsh vs CA
-foreiner yung lalake, pilipna ung babae.. nakatira sa boracay

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nagkasundo sila na pareho tayong may custody sa bata..

-pumunta babae sa manila kasama ung anak.
-ayaw ng bumalik ng babae

-joint custody..

SC - kapag below 7, dapat nasa nanay.. kapag may kasunduan.. it is

void..

===================================================

ART 213 - in case of separation of the parents, parental authority

who exercise PA? the Parents Agreed UPON..
-kung napag aggreehan.. kahit pa 3 years old.. basta napag
agreehan nila..

problem pag nagseparate ang di magkasundo who gets custody

-they have to court
-court chooses, designates who has custody and PA

How does court choose?

-all relevant consideration
-best interest ng bata
-pag above 7 - pinapapili ung bata
-below 7 - stay with mother
-ART 213 - hindi si tulfo nagdedesisyon.. si COurt ang magdedesisyon
Who exercises parental authority
-Hanggat wlang court order.. walang magagawa si Tulfo..
-unless there is a designation by the court.. COERCION yan..
ART 211 -
unless for compelling reason
go back to 176 ARt - illigitimate childern shall be under parental
-mahirap - support nalang ng tatay - hindi compelling reason..
authority of their
-prostitute 2 years old. .walang alam ang bata.. hindi ito
mother.
-walang trabaho - hindi ito compelling reason..

what happens if parents living together hindi kasal - kapag nagaway

6 years old - pwede na kasi nagtataka na ang bata iba iba kasama.
ang parents..
sabi ng SC
the child shall be under the parental authority of the mother.. sino
compelling reason
under the custody?
drug addict si nanay - compelling reason
who ever exercises parental atuthority.. THE MOTHER.
leprosy - pwede
TB - pwede din compelling reason
-in case of absence, the surviving parent
WHAT ARE COMPELLING REASONS?
ART 212
-insanity
-drug dependence
-mere unfaithfulness to her husband cannot be considered
(CHECK SS)

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SUBSTITURE PARENTAL AAUTHORITY

ART 216
-surviving grandparent
-oldest brother or sister
-actual custodian

-pAG WALANG magulang magkakaroon nito

Domestic adoption act

filipino and foreigner - kaialngan di ka kamaganak
-oldest sister filed petition to adopt the youngest brother(minor pa)
ayaw ng Sol GEn
sabi nya hindi pwede.
-SC - walang rule na ganyan.. basta makabubuti sa bata.. kahit sister
pa ang nagaadopt
ART 214 - in case of death, sa kanya.
-pwede rin adopt ng lolo at lola ang apo.. para maging anak nya

ART 215 - solidarity of the family..

No descendant shall be compelled, in a criminal case, to testify
against his parents
and grandparents

-di pwede pilitin ang descendant mag testify

-pero kung gusto nila.. pwede.. di mo sila mapipigil..

ART 217 - foundlings, abandoned.. etc..

heads of children's homes.. etc.. Parental Authority..

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94

-authority and responsibility shall apply to all authorized activities

whether
inside or outside

Liability of persons exercising parental authority

Art 221.- civilly liable for the injuries and damages caused by the acts
of omissions
-eto ung sa JUVENILE JUSTICE LAW.. civilly liable

-yung bata nanonood ng DORA, habang nanood ung bata ndumaan

ng yaya, nilipat ng chanel
ung TV.. pinagbabaral ng bata ung yaya..namatay.. EFFECTS of SPA
hindi makukulong ung bata dahil 7 years old.. pero ung bata parents
are liable for ART 219
civil liability for unemancipated children.. SILA ang hahabulin.
NOTE
-kung nagaway sa bakuran o sa labas ng bahay.. yung minor
using airgun nakabaril ang kalaro.. nakapatay
01152021 SINO ang liable

Special Parental Authority ART 221 - parents and other person exercising Parental Authority ---
civilly liable..
ART 218
Recess sa school.. nagaway gamit ang airgun.. THE SCHOOL and THE
-minor child lang ADMINISTRATOR and TEacher
probably the Teacher in charge..
Individual entity or institution..
Kahit Field Trip.. Kahit field trip sa eatbulaga..
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95

Inside or outside the premises.. UNDER the family code.. - ART 218 - The school, its administrators
and teachers, or
SUBSIDIARY nalang ang magulang.. kung hindi kaya ng teacher.. or individual, entity or institution engaged in child.. are liable..
kung sino man ang liable..

SC sa AMDORA - kahit pa tapos na ung SEM - liable parin ung

Kailangan parin iprove.. defense kasi is they exercise due diligence school.. so long as the student
is pursuing a legitimate student activity, object, or purpose, you still
ahve special
parental authority.

WHY special? kasi limited lang

-only why child is under parental authority of school.
-parental authority cannot exist while substitute parental authority

==============================================

PALISOC v Brillantes - wala pang family code.. ART 2180 dati..

ART 2108 7th Par - teachers or heads of establishments of arts and

trades shall be liable
for damages caused by their pupils and students or apprentices, so
long as they remain in
their custody

Palisoc
-may 3 students sa isang trade school.. 2 students nagaayos ng
makina.. ung pangatlo Rights and DUTIES OF PE PA
turo lang ng turo.. Sabi nung 2 para kang supervisor..
nagkasagutan.. nagkasuntukan.. ART 220 - important..
namatay ang isang kasuntuakan sa lakas.. empashis on DUTY rather than right
Kinasuhan ang teacher..
(kasama ito sa marital obligations) eto ung hindi naccomply ng
-SC - liable ay head of the establishment.. psychological incapacitated

MEMORIZE - in realation to psychological capacity

AMADORA v CA
-tapos na sem.. pumasok ang bata para magsubmit ang Physics
requirements..
nabaril sa school..
earlier may naconfiscate na baril ang dean..
ang kinasuhan yung teacher..

-liability applies to all schools, acadamic as well as non-academic.

TEACHER in charge.. of such students..
-SC ung teacher dapat.. kaso tapos na yung SEM.. kaya nadismiss
ung case..

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96

PEtition for disciplinary measures over the child

ART 223

-kung hindi na kaya ng magulang na disiplinahin ung anak..

#6 of ART 220 - to demand from them respect and obedience
#7 to impose discipline..

kung di na kaya ng nanay na disiplina.. di na sumusunod

pwedeng gawin ng magulang..
-Petition to the court
-order disiplinary measures..

ART 224
-Pero kung may kasalanan ung magulang ung magulang.. madismis

ANO ang pwedeng impose ng court?

-May include, the comitment of the child for not more than 30 days
in entity
for child care. (BAHAY kalinga) maximum 30 days.. boys town.. girls
town..

PARENTAL AUTHORITY Upon the Property of the children

-NO PARENT will file this in court.
-if may magfile.. parang admision narin na failure ka na parent.. so
2 aspect
sabi ni sir.. walang
-person or child
gagawa nito..
-property of the child
ART 223 ART 224 - gusto mong korte magdisiplina sa kanila..
Ang pinaka magagawa lang ay ipadala sa juvenile homes..
sino mga nandun? mga minors na addict.. etc..
imbes na magisa lang.. magkakatropa..
kaya walang gagawa..

Sa 20 years ni sir, isa lang daw nakita nya na nagfile ng ganito..

TATAY ni ALEX Bovic

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97

ART 226 - the property of the unemancipated child..

ART 225
belongs to the child in ownership.. shall be devoted to the latters
Father and the mother shall jointly exercise legal guardianship over
support and
the property of the
education..
unemancipated common child..
-nanalo ang anak mo ng little miss philippines.. kinuha ng eatbulaga
guardianship - limited sa acts of administration..
kumikita ng 500,000..
hindi pwedeng ibenta ang property.. ULTRA VIRES Sa kapangyarihan
di pwedeng gamitin ng magulang sa luha nya.. "shall be devoted
un.
"Exclusively" to the
childs support and education..
sa tunay na buhay, walang nag fifile ng petition.. minamanage lang
ng magulang
The right of the parents..
but nobody filed.
-to the child support primarily to the child's support
-secondarily - to the collective daily needs of the family..
the only instance - when the child is the beneficiary of an insurance
policy.. tapos
ung kita ng bata - sa kanya..
namatay ung insured.. tapos may property..
ung fruits.. meron nang daily needs..
kapatid mo.. walang asawa anak.. ginanwa ung anak ng kapatid
nya..
ART 227
tapos namatay sya.. may 2 million mappunta sa pamangkin.
Insurance COmpany do not give the money to the parent ng basta
-kapag pinamanage ng magulang sa anak ang property.. kailangan
basta..
bayarang mo sya..
may nangyari kasi na ung magulang. ginanstos na ung pera..
ung kita at binigay sa anak.. di mana..

malalaaman ng court na more than P50,000.. irerequire na magfile

ng BOND...

guardianship - merely suppletory..

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=============================================

SUSPENSION OR TERMINATION OF PA
(PERMANENT)
KAilan natterminate
1) upon the death of parents SUSPENSION of parental authority
2) Upon the death of the child
3) Upon emancipation of the child (18 years old) ART 230 - civil interdiction.. - you loose to manage your property..
naiirenstate.. KAPAG nalabas na sa hoyo.. kulungan.. authomatic..
ART 232 - if the person exercising parental authority has subjeted babalik ang parental
the child (sa korte) authority

ART 229. ART 231 - court in an action filed..

1) Upon adoption of the child (mattransfer sa adopter)
2) Upon appointment of general guardian (person and property ang
minamanage)
3) Judicial declaration of abandonment of the child in a case filed for
the purpose
4) upon final judgement
5) upon judicial declaration of absence (nawawala)incapacity.. etc..
1) treats the child with excessive harshness or cruelty
-The parent can't treat child with harshness or cruelty.. wag lang
EXCESSIVE..
-kasama yan sa #7 ng art 220 - to impose discipline on them as may
be required..
Dito sa pinas.. pwede mo paluin ang bata..

CHUA vs CABANGBANG The law allows the parent to treat harshness etc..
she was a guest releation officer sa club..
nabuntis 2)
binigay sa magasawa..
inalagaan ng magasawa 5 years.. 3) compels the child to beg - pag pinlit mo malimos..
bumalik ang nanay
ibalik yung bata or bigyan nyo ako ng JEEP 4) subjects the child or allows...
-kung grabe.. pwedeng deprivation..di lang suspension..
nagfile ng case..
PUBLIC POLICY - child should stay with the parent.. PERMANENT - TEMPORARY - SUSPENSION

SC - sa nanay.. kaso abandoned na lalabas ang child.. ============================================

mayaman sila.. mahirap ako.. ART 233 - pwedeng paluin ng lola..
yung tunay na nagmamahal sa bata.. kahit pa mayaman yan..
gagawin lahat para mabawi SPECIAL PARENTAL AUTHORITY - hindi pwede ang school or teacher
ang anak nya. na paluin ang bata..
halata na pamemera lang ang gusto nya.. patayuin nalang sa corner..
BAKA ung ama ng bata kung makukuha nya ay bigyan sya ng IN NO CASE -- special parental authority..
SUPPORT.

98
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01192021

Who are obliged to support each other?

Art 195
basically the family

1) spouses
2) legitimate ascendants and descendants
3)
SUPPORT 4)
ART 194 5) legitimate brother and sisters, whether of full or half-blood..

-basically everything the person needs in order to survive

food, dwelling, clothing, medical, education, transpo Art 196 illegitimate brothers and sisters?
-in keeping with the financial capacity of the family. -likewise bound to support each other to the full extent

who needs support?
-everyone, a person needs to survive
-wahat if of age? can you ask for support
yes, education.. even beyond age of majority.
not limited to minors.. even person of age is entitled of support
what if already working?
Yes, transportation shall include expenses in going to and from
school, or to and from
place of work.
Except only when the need for support of the brother or sister,
being of age, is due
to a cause imputable to the claimant's fault or negligence
-should support each other
-except if of age and support is their fault.
IMPLICATIONS
Art 196, parehong anak sa labas.. obligado silang support ang isat
isa..
except kung nasa edaad na humhingi ng support at fault nila o
kasalanan nila
-Sa article 195, kahit pa kasalanan nila, walang exceptions.. kahit pa
kasalanan nila
-195 kahit maubos sa casino.. wala kang magagawa.. support mo
lang
-196 naubos sa casino.. if of age, kasalanan nya.. pwede mo ayawan.

Yung tatay mo gustong mag LAW.. hihingi ng support.. obliged

support kasi parents..
THIS is reciprocal.. hindi lang pababa.. pataas din.. They are obliged
to support
each other.

ART 992 - An illegitimate child has no right

-hindi ka pwedeng magmana sa anak sa labas ng magaling mong

tatay..

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-naging milyonaryo ung anak ng tatay mo sa labas.. ART 992.. wala Order for giving support
kang karapatan
reciprocal.. ART 195, 196 - lahat sila obligado magsupport sa isat isa..

pero pag dating sa support.. pwede.. ART 195 ART 199

1) spouse
yung APO sa labas, walang karapatan magmana sa lolo at lola nya.. 2) descendants in the nearest degree
and yet, pwede sa support 195 3) the ascendants in the nearest degree
4) The brothers and sisters

WHERE do you charge support ART 200 - two or more recipients at the same time
pag nanghingi silang lahat sayo..
Art 70, soouses jointly
unang supportahan sa sarili.. kung pera mo para sa sarili mo kulang
ART 94, absolute community of property yan..
illegitimate children - separate property kapag may sobra your SPOUSE ang una
-kung kulang pwede i advance sa absolute community prop
SPOUSE
ART 197, legitimate ascendants PARENTS
-kung kulang pwede i advance sa absolute community property or BROTHERS
conjugal partnership
if spouse and minor child, una ung minor child..

normally, ASAWA, anak, etc.. pero pag minor child UNA sya kesa sa
asawa..

=====================

How much should you give as support

ART 201
we don't know.. depende sa resources or means of the giver

ARt 202

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========================================= IF the mother didn't ask for support.. no need to pay.. NO DEMAND,
NO NEED TO PAY

==============
FORM OF DEMAND

Lacson v lacson

may demand.. nangako sa sulat na ssuport si lalaki.. kaso napako ang

pangako ni lalaki..
yung nanay at dalawang kamag anak.. pinaka matagal na tiniran sa
kapatid na lalaki nung
nanay. Umabot na ng Dekado.. nagfile na ng civil case.. Granted sa
court.. pinababayaran
mula 1975 hanngang sa present.. back pay.. pati kapatid ng lalaki na
tiniran.. ireimburse

sabi ni tatay, NO demand, No need to pay.. they only demanded

when filed a case.

it shall be paid, judicial or extrajudicial..

It may be that Lea made no extrajudicial deman in the sense of a

When and how are you support to give support
formal..
-maaring walang demand letter ung nanay
Art 203
-pero basta nanghingi.
-sabi ng ibat ibang korte.. may demand.. kasi may Sulat. at nangako..
both man and wife needs to give support..
-nanghingi sayo is a demand..

"no child below seven shall be separated from the mother"

jobless mother is not reason.. father can give support.
mere poverty or mere joblessness is not a reason..
ART 204

pero pag may kakayahan pareho sila.

there are two option
pay the alowance fixed
Kailan pwede humingi? the moment you need it..
received and maintained in the family dwelling the person who has a
right to receive support
kailan ibibigay? it shall not be paid except from the date of judicial or
extrajudicial
May ginahasa ka.. nabuntis ng anak.. may obligasyon ka kahit resulta
demand.
ng pangagahasa..
-NO DEMAND, NO PAY

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ART 205 -
support is everything a person needs in order to survive
hindi pwedeng kunin ng pinagkakautangan.. kasi di makakasurvive
hindi pwedeng icompromise ang SUPPORt - bigyan kita ng 2 million,
di ka na makakauha
kailan.

Past support pwedeng execute - LACSON v LACSON - nagkaso sila

1990, magbayad ka simula
1975, ung amount na matatangap nila mula 1975, pwede ung
iattach.. pwede un iexecute.

2164 and 2166 - pinalitan na ng ART 206 and ART 207 of the FC

207 - applied sa lacson v lacson.. pinabayaran ung tinirahan ng anak

at asawa.. reimbusement
sa brother nung asawa.
LIM v LIM
HUSBAND going to spain - he says to his wife, that he is going to
-cheryl edward magsasawa may dalawang anak
spain.. if you need money
-edward mayaman.. yung magulang.. nakatira sa FORBES PARK
I had made arrangement with my broker here in manila.. you talk to
-si edward empleyado ng magulang.. pinagtrabaho sa company ng
my broker and bibigyan
magulang.
ng pera.
-kasama ni edward at cheryl at anak nasa bahay ng nanay
-CHUA Giak may care taker
Umalis si lalaki..
-inaaswang si Care taker.. nahuli ni cheryl may violent confrontation.
-nagalit si cheryl iniwan si edward dala anak nya..
nangailangan si babae ng pera, sa kapatid humingi at binigyan..
-pagtapos humingi ng support sa magulang ni edward.
pagbalik nung asawa, nagrereimburese si kapatid..
-apo ng magulang ni edward..
sabi ng lalaki, bakit ako magbabayad.. dapat sa broker..
-unang depensa ng lola't lolo, nagexercise ng parental authority..
ayaw magbayad.. sister in law goes to court - before somebody else
-SC walang ganyan sa family code.. walang nakalagay na pag
kailangan
namatay tsakas kalang susuport
bigyan ng opportunity..
-Dahil waalng kakayahaan si edward kaya si lolo at lola..
SC - walang reimbusement..

-ayaw ni cheryl bumalik sa bahay ni edward sa FORBES PARK.

Eto nangyayari sa tunay na buhay.. usually ang hindi nagbibigay ng
ART 204 - pumayag si court.. legal or moral obstacle..
support ung naghiwalay
pagisip nya na laging may ginagawa doons bahay
na magasawa or nakabuntis tapos ayaw kilalanin ang anak at ayaw
-cash nalang
magbigay ng support.

kung yan ay trike driver lang, or in the middle class.. magkano

hihingin? 50K 100K a month
ayaw magbigay ng lalaki.. you have to go to court.. kung ang
hinahabol mo ay
ordinary empleyado..
baka magastos mo sa panghingi ng suppor tmas malaki sa abogado.
dahil civil case
walang nakukulang sa utang.. kahit utusan pa ng korte. Hindi
makukulong..
kung walang properties para ibenta para doon kunin ang support,
useless din ang pagfile
kasi wala din pagkunan.

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sa kalaro, dahil sa naglaaro.. parents are liable.. civil liability ng

minor
nasa magulang.. walang criminal liability kapag walang discernment

kapag dating ng 18.. di na magaapply ang 221..

ART 236, nothing in this code... below 18 art 221.. walang binabawas
ang batas sa
obilgation ng batas sa Art 2180
below 18 221..
18-below 21, the father, mother.. responsible for damage.. ART
2180..
Guardians are liable.. etc..

EMANCIPATION
01212020
eliminates parental authority

Art 234

reaching the age 18 - permanent termination of Parental authority

apat na way...
-death of parents
-death of child
-reaching the age of 18

Art 236

Nothing in this code shall be construed... ARTICLE 2180 of the Civil

code
SUMMARY Judicial proceedings

-spouse is absent, you want to remmary.. ART 41, if you want to

remmary you have
to file summary JP..
SUMMARY - mabilisan. proceedings are simplified..
as quickly as possible

-Separation in fact between husband and wife.. does not affect

Absolute C P
absolute and conjugal.. husband and wife have joint power of admin
if one is not able to participation.. automatically.. the present spouse
sole power
to administer the property
-but limited of power of admin.. pero walang kapangyarihan to
dispose.. magiging
void.
-paano kung may separation in fact? kailangan mo magbenta ng A C
ARTICLE 2180 -
P?
pwede ba? you can do that.. For the benefit of the family.. kaso
kapag below 18 ung bata art 221 ang nagaapply.. kapag nanaksan
gusto ng buyer
ang bata
with the consent

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-go to the court for judicial authoritazion to sell =======================================================

-kailangan din ng summary judicial proceedings
Retroactive Effect of the Family Code
- ART 223 - if you can no longer discipline your child.. Kaialngan din
ng summary Art 256 - This code shall have retroactive effect..

ART 225 - property of the minor worth more than 50,000.. -napakatagal na ng family code.. wala na mahahawakan na kaso
mag bond na covered ng Summary Judicial proceedings. nito.. dahil ang tagal
tagal na..
-ART 217 - entrusting parental authority..
summary judicial proceedings.. Finish nga ang FC

does not repeal all of the chapters of BOOK 1 of the Civil Code
SUMMARY - mabilisan =====================================================
kapag gusto magbenta ng property pero di makuha ang consent ng
spouse.. pero kailangan
magsubmit ng proposed deed sa korte.. CIVIL CODE
Kailangan may deed na pag punta sa korte.. kailgngan meron na
contract or buyer
para mabigyan ka ng summary..
mangyayari lang kapag may Consent.. pwede punta sa korte para
magfile at mag prosper.
PROPOSED DEED or details..

SUMMARY - file petition sa court.. sa unang hearing walang

abogado..
presumption na kapag may lawyer magtatagal ng case.
-ART 243..

FUNERALS
ARTICLE 305

-dinagdag lang daw ito to avoid controversy

ART 240 - claims for damages by either spouse -for the feelings ng naiwan
-magtatagal pa kasi ang kaso.. -to protect the living health

preliminary conference, walang abogado.. pagkakasundin lang at -The DUTY and the RIGHT to make arrangements for the funeral..
tapos ang kaso under ART 199
pero kung hindi pwede na sa susunod na kaso -spouse
-descendants in the nearest degree
FINAL and EXECUTORY - di na pwedeng i apela.. -ascendants
-brothers and sisters
remedy, petition for review under certiorary - grave abuse of
discresion. eto ang order ng support.. ito din ang pagpapalibing ng kamag anak..

Parental Authority - -Cadaver not within the commerce of men

-hindi pwedeng ibenta ang bangkay..
ART 247 - Final and executory -bawat nagpapaarkila ng patay para makapag sugal..

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NOTE: CADAVER - valid subject of a contract for the services.
Namatay ang Padre de pamilya, nakatulog habang nagmamaneho..
nabanga frontal collision
tumama ung ulo sa manibela wasak na wasak.. may kaya ang
pamilya. dinala ang cadaver
sa arlington.. araneta..
Pamilya: gusto ang patay maibalik sa dati para maganda sya sa burol
tinignan ng embalsamador: pasenya na.. hindi na kaya ibalik.. sealed
coffin na yan.
Pamilya: lumipat na sa st. peter.. sa e rodrigues.. dinala sa
embasamador.. ganun din
hindi na pwede at di na kaya.. grabe ung damage sa mukha.
lumipat sa katabi.. furenaria.. di rin kaya..
Funeraria paz.. di rin kaya..
pamilya : umuwi nanghihina
nadaan sila sa maliit na funeraria.. sinubukan nila.. anong mawawala
saten.. dinala
doon ang patay.
Sabi ng embalsamador.. kaya yan.. parang natutulog lang.. balik kayo
after 2 hrs..
pagbalik talagang parang natutulog lang..
VALID contract for services
Eugenio V. Velez
-was a member of the philippines venovelent missionary
association..
-kasama sya ni ecleo.. parang magtropa talaga..
-tumiwalag sya.. nagtayo ng sariling SECTA.
-United missionary benovelent.. parang ganun..
-a woman joined the sect.. brothers and sisters of the woman..
nagfile ng
habeas corpus.. para daw nabrain wash..
-pinakasalan ni eugenio ang babae.. namatay ang women habang
pending ang case.
nawala ang habeas.. naging case ang pagkuha ng cadaver..
-spouse sana.. kaso naprove na may subsisting marriage..
kaya hindi lawfully wedded spouse..
kaya magiging brother and sisters are entitled.. ART 199
VALINO v Adriano
-similar to iggy arroyos case.. dalawa nag cclaim
-atty may asawa at anak, nagseparte de facto sa wife
-he has a client na nagkaroon sila ng relation at nagsama sila for the
next 20 years
-wife pumunta ng america.
-isang araw, tumawag yung kabit sa asawa.. patay na si mister sa
panchoeon namin..
-sabi ng ASAWA.. uwi ako sa pinas at kukunin ko yan sa LOTE namin.
-hindi na sya hinintay ng paramore, nilibing na
-kinasuhan sya ng asawa at ng mga anak.. para marecover ang
coffin..
-sino ba ang may karapatan? legal wife o paramore?
PARAMORE: teka muna ART 307 - the funeral shall be in accordance
iwth the expressed
wishes of the deseased XXX...
SC: walang competent proof sabi ng SC.. sana may lastwill and
testament.. kaso wala..
SC: self serving
SC: hindi kasama sa listahan ang common law partner.
Paramore - invoking ART 307..
SC: ART 307 only talks about funeral, forms of the funeral..
ART 306 - every funeral shall be in keeping with the social position of
the deceased
-kung may kaya naman, hindi pwede ung asawa kukuha ng panyo at
itatali sa ulo tapos
kukuha ng banig tapos irrolyo ang bankay at dadalin sa waiting shed
at doon maglalamay
-kailangan in keeping with the social position
ART 308 - no human remains..xxx articles 294 and 305
-hindi maglibing.. exposed.. etc.. kung walang consent ng Order
mentioned
THESE RULES are subordinate to the police power..
SABI ng DOH di pwede.. may bagong variant.. sealed ang coffin..
diretso crimate..
so wala ng magagwa ang family..
-Pati autopsy.. pero wala na magagawa ang family kahit walang
autopsy..
pero respect nalang ginagawa..
-sanitation Code.. di pwede ilibing sa backyard.. kailangan in places
alowed
by law.
NOTE: pag may sakit ka sa hospital, ayaw ka palabasin hanggat di ka
bayad.
pero pag namatay yung tao, pinagbibigyan.. sige kunin mo ang
bangkay..
Death certificate ang hinohostage..
Walang Death certificate - di pwedeng ilibing..
Hindi pwedeng magbyahe ang patay kung walang travel permit
AMBULANCE - Blue.. Sa funeraria yan..
hospital kasi ayaw magpapasok ng karo..
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ART 309 - any person who shows disrespect to the dead, or

wrongfully interferes with
a funeral shall be liable to the family..
-embalsamo.. sabi 20.. pero 10 days lang.. disrespect.
-iba yung patay na nadala sainyo.. pwedeng magfile ng damages..
disrespect or wrongfully interferes

-embamer.. has sex with the dead body.. disrespect.. can file an
action for damages
material and moral..

-magkaaway kayo ng kapatid mo, tatlo kayo ng nanay mo..

nagaaway sa kayamanan..
namatay ang tatay.. di pinaatend ng funeral
namtay ung nanay nyo - sa harap ng presidente ng pilipinas
nagsampalan kayo.. Names
HINDI ito disrespect..
kung ikaw pinagbawal.. you cannot file action under 309 Characteristic
1) Absolute -protect individual from confused
-Preventing a child sa parents dumalaw.. Against good moral and 2) obligatory
customs.. Check article 3) fixed, unchangeable

-purpose - to identfy. abused confusion.

ART 310 - -can change only by going to court

THAT's Funeral.. 4) it is outside the commerce of man..

======================================================== 5) Imprescriptible
=========== =====================================

NExt meeting

Surnames..

01222021

USE of Surnames
-recent development

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-1849, marami ng province dati sa pinas

-wala pang xerox.. kaya hinati ang libro..
-kaya sa isang lugar pare pareho ang apelyido.. nagsisimula sa letter
na napunta sa kanila

in Europe and America, the practice of listing people.. 10th 12th

century forward
established na sila
nattrace pa nila 11th generation.. 100 years..
si barack obama cousin si brad pete.

-prior to 11/21/1849
-there was no system of use of surnames in the PH
-before this, kanya kanya lang.. walang system
-may family, iba iba ang surnames..

-nagkaepidemya, nagkasakit, nagdasal. Kay SAN ROQUE, kung

gamaling gagamitin na kitang
apelyido.
-isang kapatid mangingisda si SAN bartolome
-magkapatid sila iba ang apelyido

Don Narciso Claveria - issued decreed requiring all heads of the

family to pick on
surname for their family... and going forward from that date.. one ======================================================
family uses 1 surname

Dito nagsimula ang paglilista ng miyembro ng pamilya.

Art 364
Art 365
Art 369
-valid until it is annulled.. kaya father

Catalogo alfabetifo de apellidos - nasa national libraries.. dito

pumipili ng apelyido
dati
-2 colums.. each colums may 19.. so 38 na apelyido
-every province dapat may kopya ng catalogo..

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-Kapag nasa edad na bata, nasa kanya na kung gusto nya ung sa
tatay, pero sa una nanay

LIVE-IN ung lalaki at babae - nabuntis si babae at nanganak..

ART 366 - wala ng natural
ART 367
ART 368 - illegitimate children shall use the surname of MOTHER.
Legitimate at illegitimate children.
ART 176 - illegitimate children shall use the surname of MOTHER..
but because of RAMON revilla law.. about SURNAME.. ammended by
RA 9255
-if illegitimate child, pwede na sa father basta recognized.
kinilala ng lalaki ung anak.. nirehistro sa surname ng lalake.. middle
sa nanay.. (PWEDE
under ART 176)
-problem - after registration.. naghiwalay sila..
-sa galit si nanay, ayaw na ipagamit sa anak ung apelyido ng tatay.
-REmember your official name, appears on Birth Cert.. -registered na
ung bata
-NANAY - kailgnan magfile ng case para ibalik ung apelyido ng bata
sa apelyido nya
alleging 176.. -The petition should be denied "as a general rule"
-kapag ibabalik mo sa apelyido ng tatay.. malalaman pa ng tao na sya
ay anak sa labas
-di makakabuti sa anak
-2nd. sino gumagamit ng apelyido? ung bata.. Dapat ang bata ang
magdedesisyon kung
gagamitin nya ung apelyido ng nanay or tatay
-Pwedeng magfile ang bata sa right age.. pwede na sya
magdecide.RIGHT AGE..
-That is kung naireshistro sa apelyido ng tatay
-kasi kung sa nanay, kahit maghiwalay.. walang problema.. tapos pag
kaya na nya
at kinilala sya ng tatay..
-sinusulatan lang sa gilid ang Birth Cert.. iccorrect lang at ilalagay
lang ng marginal
note.

MIDDLE NAMES
REPUBLIC v CAPOTE There is no law in middle name.. Out of CUSTOM lang ang pag gamit
-no middle name - if does not recognized by father nito.

NOTE: illegitimate - under parental authority of the mother. IN RE: ADOPTION of STEPHANIE GARCIA
kahit pa kinikilala ng tatay ung bata.. hindi nya pwede pilitin ang
bata na adopted child uses the surname of the adopter..
gamitin ang apelyido "MAY use the surname of the father" HINDI ibig sabihin na nakataga na sa bato un.. pero kung may valid
-pag bagong panganak ang bata.. nanay ang magdedesisyon na dahilan
-kung ayaw ng nanay , kahit kinikilala ng tatay ung anak nya sa labas, pwede parin ito mabago
hindi pwede
-CHILD under PA of the mother. -may muslim na inadopt ng chinese
-grew up in muslim customs
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-kaso apelyido nya chinese.. kaya pag laki nya nagpapalit sya..
-Nag OPPOSE ang SOLGEN
-SC - consequence ng adoption.. Main effect is Legitimate child ng
adopters.
-doesn't mean that it is aboslute.. valid reason we can change.
-katulad dito pinagtatawanan.. kaya pinayagan.
One married woman, using four different name simultaneously..
sabay sabay
some say yes.. ART 370
other say, a married woman can use it.. pero dapat to avoid
confusion.
See remo v secret of foreign affairs.
-gumamit sya ng papalit ng name sa maiden name dahil naghiwalay
sila.
-ayaw ng Foreign affairs..
-SC says, dahil passport yan, HINDI Civil Code ang nagaapply..
ang applicable the PASPPORT LAW.. under the passport law..
if you want to change appearing.. court order
-SC - annul muna.. pag na grant.. papalit na..

Married Woman
Art 370
1) Her maiden first name and surname and add her husband's
surname, or
2) Her maiden first name and her husband's surname
3) her husband's full name, but prefixing a wor

ART 371 - maiden name and surname

ART 372 - when legal separation has been granted, the wife shall
continue
-cited by those who say, may use any of the four.
pero pag ginamit na ang isa.. un na dapat ang gagamitin mo..
implication isa lang ang
pwede mo magamit

ART 373 - a widow may use the deceased..

-by custom babalik sa maiden... lalagyan ng biuda de dantes..

Shamcey SUPSUP - pwede

SHamcey Bhutto - pwede

Mrs, Zulfikar Bhuto -

Shamcey Supsup-Bhutto

Pwede ba gamitin ni babae eto anytime? kahit ano dito..

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no person can change her name. or surname just like that..

ART 376 - before kailangan ng judicial authority..

that was before..

simpleng error dati magastos kailangan magkorte pa

kaya naglabas ang conggress ng batas
RA 9048 - Corretion of clerical or typographical error and/or change
of first name.
-CLERICAL or Typographical error - visible to the eyes or obvious to
the understanding,
and can be corrected or changed only by reference to other existing
records or records

SANTOS - SANTOZ - pwede na sa civil registrar lang pwede..

Change of first name, pwede sa civil registrar.. without going to
ART 374, court.
- may publication.. typographical error.. kahit surname..
Kapag ang surname mo ay di typographical error..
ART 375 kung magkakamaganak Halimbawa.. CHUA ang ginagmit mo.. kaso Llave ka pala.. hindi
typographical..
JUNIOR - son lang.. pwede parin magchange.. two options
1) the name that appears in BC is your official name.. you can start
-your official name, that name appears in your BC.. using your
-babae ka, may nakalaay na JUNIOR.. kahit mali yan.. you have to official name.. you inform everyone in your office, etc..
use JR.. 2)Mas madali.. palitan mo nalang ung name mo para di na
kahit mali.. maapektuhan mga anak mo..

SENIOR - walang SENIOR.. gawa gawa lang ang senior

SURNAME USUALLY SA COURT - dapat may reason.. hindi dahilan
mga apo.. dagdag ng midle name or add ROMAN numerals.. II, III ung napapangitan
and so on. ka sa pangalan mo.

-no correction must involve the change of nationality, age , status or

01262021 sex of the
petitioner

Pwede lang palitan FIRST NAME.. kapag surname you have to court..
UNDER RA 9048, first name sa civil registrar lang..

ALAN LABATETE to ALAN DELA CRUZ - granted ng court..

-imposes you to ridicule
-difficult to pronounce
-foreigner to filipinize your name

BAGONGGAHASA - court ito.. hindi typographicall.. pero imposes

you to ridicule

Female ka.. pero male sa BC - pwede na ito.. wag lang nagpasex

change..
Surnames

General Rule
-names to avoid confusion, better administration
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RA 10172 - allows correction

FEB 14 ka.. FEB 4.. error in the day.. pwede..

ART 377 - USURPATION OF NAME AND SURNAME?
kapag year na involve.. you have to go to court..
-used of another name by a person which is unauthorized and
designate personality
Sex.. male or female.. pwede na sa civil registrar.. has to be
or identify a person..
accompanied with a -BASICALLY, nagpangap sya bilang ikaw..
affidavit from a physician.. na hindi ka nagpatransplan or sex
-in the internet, we call that today identity theft.. nagpapangap
change.. gamit ang pangalan
mo.
Nationality - Filipino, nailagay chinese.. YOU HAVE TO go to court..
Kalaban ang SOLEGEN.. pati civil registrar.. kasi substancial ang
Tolentino vs tolentino
error.. -arturo tolentino the author of the book of the CIVIL code.. namatay
ung asawa nya
Or illegitimate - legitimate. substantial.. kailangan mainform mo ung nung namatay ang asawa nya nagpakasal sya ulit.. nagenvade ang
SOLGEN.. FISCAL.
jap sa PH
nung natake over ung jap.. nagpass ng Divorce law.. tolentino
divorce his wife consor
tia.
-nung natalo ang hapon.. "the change of sovereignity..
valid ang divorce..
ex wife, continued using the surname tolentino..
after several decades nagalit na asawa na ni tolentino..
nagfile ng case to prohibit from using the surnmae tolentino..
SC - walang usurpation of a name and a surname..
ELEMENT:
-actual use of the others name
-unauthorize
-to designate personality or to identify person
Walang usurpation..
-ex wife never pretended to be the legal wife of tolentino
-walang confusion..
SECTION 4 GROUNDS FOR CHANGE OF FIRST NAME
- Pwede sa CIVIL registrar kapag yun talaga ang gamit mo.. basta Citing of author of Civil Code by the surname
may evidence ayon kay tolentino.. the wife does not have the exclusive rights to
kasi un na talaga ginagamit mo na name.. you are using this name use the surname
since you of her husband..
are very very young.. tolentino have legitimate children from his previous wife..

USURPATION OF A NAME AND SURNAME - somebody use your

name.

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ART 378 - use of another person's surname gives a right of action to

the latter..
-kapag ginamit ang apelyido
-kapit bahay mo scriptwritter..
ginamit pangalan mo as Contrabida..
-you can file action for damages under 378

ABSENCE

-absense not in the absent today.

-person disappeared.. whereabout is unknown
-we do not know if he is dead or alive.

GEneral rule - ART 381-396 ,15 articles all of this rules designed to
ART 379 - PEN NAMES - pwede gamitin. handle
-provided it is done in good faith the property left behind by the absentee..
-no injury to third person.. ang purpose is to have someone take care of the property left
-pag naidentify ka sa pen names.. wala ng pwedeng gumamit nyan.. behind by the absentee.
kasi ikaw na talaga.. if there is no property, the general rule is you dont have to declared
Cannot be usurped. him
absent.. it will be useless.
Art 380 - CA 142.. No property, NO USE..
ERAP kinasuhan using JOSE VELARDE.. no property.. no need for these rules
only in the presence of manager and close friend.
acquitted sya kasi hindi public.. confidential and hindi sya habitual. REYES v ALEJANDRO
-filed to have his husband decleared absent
-alleged that husband missing for 4 years..
-no property left behind..- dismissed ang kaso..
-umabot supreme court.. abogado lang ang kumita(HAHAHA!!!)
01282021 -Useless kapag walang property left behind..

3 stages of absence..
-temporary or provisional absence
-Normal or declared absence
-definite absence or presumptive death.

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sa tunay na buhay.. meron appointment SPA..

pero 99% of the time.. walang period.. walang expiry.. tuloy tuloy
ang ligaya(haha!!)

PROVISIONAL ABSENCE
ART 381.. WHy?
so that a judge may appoint a person to represent him with all that
is neceessrry
with regards to his property.. DECLARED ABSENCE
-Provisionaly appointed.. ART 384.
-kapag may agent hindi na kailangan.. kasi may magaayos na ng may specific time ito.
property..
-pero kung wala or expired.. someone has to be appointed.. -after 2 years, pwede ng declare absent

When do we declare a person is Provisionaly Absent? how long? -pag may appointed agent tapos walang expiry.. pwede na in 5 years
-we dont know.. depends on the facts of the case mag file ng
-REGIMENTED persons - may mga taong ANuL.. denumero ang kilos.. petition. baka daw sobra na yung agent.. hehe
-kapag denumero kilos nya.. kapag nawala ang isang tao magtataka pag may agent 5 years.. kahit walang expiry..
na..
kaya 1 month palang pwede na Who can ask for declaration of absence?
1 spouse
-may mga tao na lagalag.. hindi predicted ang kilos.. 2 months 3 2 heirs instituted a will
monts nawawala 3 relatives
pero ganun talaga sya.. 4 those who may have oover

-kaya depende talaga.. -interested person.. they can file with the court..
file the petition with the court
-pero once begin to worry and begin to think may have happened to
him.. ang things
needs to be done with his property, then maybe an interested party, THE PURPOSE OF THIS RULE IS THAT someone will be apointed to
a relative adminster the property
or friend, to file in court to be declared provissionaly absent.. to
appoint a person.

who should be appointed?

-1st is the spouse.. if walang spouse.. any competent person may be
appointed by
the court.

If he left an agent, you can't file.. pero pag nag expire pwede na
punta sa court.

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absentee may 10 hectares rice field..

yung rice pwede.. kita un..
pero ung land itself hindi pwede.. alienation un..
pero pwede punta sa court if he thinks it is advantageours.

Art 389 - kailan mag eend ang admin

-absentee appears
-death of the absentee is proved.. ung mga taga pag mana na.
-third person appears, showing by a proper document that he has
acquired the absentte's

ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROPERTY OF THE ABSENTEE

-sino ang kalaban mo? buong mundo.
-the whole world has to honor, has to obey, has to follow the
appointee..
kailangan sundin mo
-kailanang may publication
-notice palang ng unang hearing.. may publication.
-kailangan mag present sa court.. that person is absent.
-kailangan ma proof na competent un iaapoint.

ART 386 - shall not take effect until six months after its publication in
PRESUMPTION OF DEATH
a newspaper
of general circulation..
ART 390 - matagal ng nawala..
-Favorable decision sayo.. naappoint ka ng administrator..
After an absence of seven years... except of those of succession (10
-pag labas ng decision.. ipupublish muna.. pag final na.. publish..
years)gusto na hatiin ang property
-hintay ka ng 6 months before ito magtake effect..
75 years na - 5 years lang..
2 years magaantay ka..
evidence.. blotter sa pulis na nawawala si X.. or sa barangay.
NOTE!!! - provisional absents kailangan ka punta sa court.. para
tatakbo lang sa pag blotter mo..
matake care ang property
Declare absence - go to court.. para mappoint ang someone
2 years mag file ka ng petition sa court..
Presumption of Death - you do not go to court (after 10 years)
publication
palayasin nyo na
Trial
si administrator.. patay na.. paghahatian na..
Decision
you can now open his succession..
4 months
-In Re: Szatraw
2 1/2 years bago lumabas ang judgement
-the wife of Polish national.. disappeared.. after 10 years, his wife
3 years ang lilipas siguro bago magtake effect..
nagfile
ng presumptive death.. dismissed dahil di na kailangan yan..
pupose para may administrator ang property..
SC - di na kailangan.. kasi presumption lang.. ipinapalagay lang na
patay..
Administrator of the property of the absentee
after 10 years.. idivide nyo na ang property..

HUSBAN soldier.. nagdisapper 1994 sa mission..

ARTICLE 388 - Administrator lang.. Ultra vires ang dispoistion unless
1995 dineclara na missing AFP
court..
2008 - death benefits sa AFP
they cannot alienate or encumber..
-AFT refuses to pay.. pinagssubmit ng AFP ng presumptive from
court
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-hindi na kailangan.. no need to file in court.

-proceed na sa death benefits. ART 391 - they are all expose to danger..
-mali ang AFP.. no need for this anymore they have been presumed to have died on the day of danger.. but
should wait for
EXCEPT in one instance.. 4 years..
-you need to go to court.. MARRIAGE.. and the spouse present wants
to SOLDIER - nawala sa kasagsagan ng laban.. pero need mo parin mag
remarry.. kahit 10 years na.. kailangan parin ang presumptive death wait ng 4 years..
for purposes after 4 years pwede na kumuha ng pension..
or remarriage.. pero pwede ka kumuha ng pension back pay 4 years..
for other purposes.. hindi na kailangan.. treat him as presumptively ETO ang pinagkaiba sa 91..
death..
X married to Y. decided to go home to mindanao.. sumakay sa MV
10 years for succession princess of the
7 years other than sucession stars.. tapos while on the way sumabog.. lumubog ang barko..
the person was never seen after the ship sank.. hindi na narecover..
75 years - all purposes 5 years lang.. including succession.. do you need to wait for 4 years?
X missing..
si Y pumunta sa SULPICIO lines.. nagaantay..
nakilala ni Y si Z.. araw araw nandun sila.. nagkkwentuhan sila..
nagkaibigan si Y and Z..
2 months walang balita.. hindi alam..
ano gagawin? magaantay pa sila ng 4 years..
No.. preponderance of evidence lang.. in this case kasi na alam ng
lahat
na lumubog ang barko. hindi sya lost.. SANK sya..
you know what happened to the ship.. there is a proof that the
person is on the ship
preponderance of evidence na namatay pa..
Have him actually dead.. not presumptive lang..
Pwede na sila.. mag file sila ng presumptive death..

Easter shipping lines v Lucero

-wife married to captain of a ship. Salary of Captain remitted
automatically
ART 391 - to wife.. the ship was travelling.. nag radio.. naencounter nila ang
baguio..
1 - 4 years lang.. on board a vessel "WE are encountering a storm"
We have water
2 A person in the armed forces.. 4 years lang
after 1 week nakita ang debris.. barko di na nkaita
3 A person who has been in danger of death.. - 4 years lang..
sabi nung shipping lines.. binayaran na sila ng insurance
notice.. for 390 when is pressumed to have died? basta nawala..
hindi alam pero hindi tinangap nung asawa ung insurance.. 4 years nyo ako
kung bakit.. lumabas ng bahay 60 years old.. or special child 20 years bayaran..
old -we cannot apply 391 anymore... we have preponderance of
huling nakita sumakay ng jeep.. 7 years lang.. presumed na dead.. sa evidence.. dami evidence
paghahati hati ng properties.. death last day of the period.. si ate naman.. haha.. SC hindi pumayag..
Kapag insured ung nawala.. after the last day of 7 years.. pwede na
makuha ang AFTER 4 YEARS.. WALA NG KAILANGAN NG COURT.. PAGHATIHATIAN
insurance.. NYO NA..
For purposes of succession 10 years..
Presumption to have died on the last day of the period..
==================================
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16 changes of name

LAHAT ito.. quadruplicate..

1 sa magulang
2 midwife/doctor/clinic
3 civil register and the fourth forwards to PSA - Philippines Statistic
Office

Marriage
1 sa kinasal
2 solemnizing officer
ART 392 3 civil register and the fourth forwards to PSA - Philippines Statistic
-kung buhayka pa.. kahit pinaghahati hatian na.. pwede mo ng Office
mabawi
ang properties.. 4th copy laging forwarded sa PSA.
-in the condition in which it may be found.. and the price of any
property
that may have been alienated..

-the absentee cannot claim either fruits or rents..

-kung pinaupahan ng building.. ung kita di na mababawi..
pwede lang ung building..

posser in good faith is entitled to the fruits.. ACCRDING TO CIVIL

CODE
WHY? because they are in good faith.. so they are entitled to fruits..
pero ung property pwede nya bawiin.

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ART 409
In cases of legal
-relate this declaration of nulity and marriages.
-duty of the petitioner to register the decree if he prevails..
ART 53 and 52
pag di mo pinarehistro yan.. nagpakasal ka lang..
ang marriage mo magiging void ab initio..
kailangan maiparehistro..

ART 410
-the books.. public documents..
prima facie evidence..
-hindi na kailangan patunayan.. document speaks for itself..
but it is not open to the public..
hindi ka makakahingi ng BC ng iba.. not everyone has access to this.
CIVIL REGISTER -relatives.. yourself.. yan lang makakaaccess..
ART 407 - ACTS EVENTSXXX concerning status of persons shall be
recorded in the civil register..

ART 408 - the following shall be entered in the civil registered

-birth
-marriages
xxx
15 - wala na ito.. ngayon kailangan mag reach ka ng 18..

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-other relatives presented blank birth certificate from PSA

-SC stated, copy ni petitioner 1954..
1953 ung sa other relatives..
paano marerehistro?
tinatahi lang ang records..
mas madaling baguhin o doktorin ang copy ng CIVIL registrar

-nung unang panahon

may asawa na nagpapakasal sa foreigner.. nung araw nakakalusot
nung di pa computerized ang PSA.

What happens kung may discrepancy sa CIVIL registrar and PSA?

which prevails?
-Solinap v Locsin
-civil registry general - in other words.. PSA prevails..
Why? - SC says, alin ang mas madaling baguhin? kopya sa munisipyo
o ung kopya sa PSA.. (eto ang dahilan)

-solinap V locsin.. may namatay.. may nagfile ng petition for

settlement of estate
anak ako ng namatay..
submit ng SC - name of father..
ART 410 - the books making up the civil register and all documents
relating

01292020 -hindi essential and formal requisite of marriage.. ang marriage

certificate

-best evidence the you are married because it is public documents

SOLINAP v Locsin

-what should prevail

copy of PSA or CIVIL registrar
-PSA or civil registry general copy..
GSIS v Raoet
-husband, engineer, died because of cardiac arrest.. but peptic
-petitioner claiming to be son of the deceased ulcer..
-presented bcert
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-widowed filed a claim with the employers compensation with GSIS..

husband died
in a work releated sickness
-ayaw magbayad ng GSIS.. walang ebidencia na namatay dahil sa
work.. peptic ulcer..
-SC- namatay sa peptic ulcer.. nakalagay sa death certificate..
considered as public
document.. docuemt presumed correct.
-unless may prueba sya na mapapakita sila..

ART 411 - every civil registrar shall be civilly responsible for any
unauthorized
alteration made in any civil register..

ART 412 - no entry in a civil register shall be change or corrected,

without a judicial
orer.

ART 413 - all other matters pertaining to the registration of civil

status shall be
governed by special laws.

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