PROCEDURE TO CALCULATE OVERHEATED PERIOD AND SHADOW-

ANGLES.
The procedure to calculate overheated period and shadow angles for a particular
location is as follows.
1. Calculate the minimum and maximum Effective Temperatures (E.T.) for all
the months of the year.
2. Calculate the upper and lower values of Comfort zone for the particular
location.
3. Take the chart provided for calculating hourly temperatures.
4. Mark the comfort zone as a band and shade it using a light colour.

5. Mark the minimum E.T. and maximum E.T. values for January and join them
with a straight line.

6. Repeat stage 5 for all the months of the year.

7. Note down the months whose minimum E.T. value is less than the comfort
zone value.

8. Mark the point of intersection of the line connecting minimum E.T. and
maximum E.T. of these particular months, with the lower limit of the comfort
zone.

9. From these intersection points project lines vertically upwards and downwards
until they intersect with the time lines at the top and bottom.

10. Note down the time of heating or cooling in a table for these particular
months.

11. Take the sun-path diagram corresponding to the latitude of the particular
location and orient it such that the north direction faces up and south faces
down.

12. Mark these times of heating or cooling on the sun-path diagram for the first six
months i.e. January to June.

13. Join these time values to obtain the over-heated period. Shade this over-heated
period using a light colour.

14. Repeat stages 12 and 13 for the next six months i.e. July to December.

15. Take the shadow-angle protractor. Place it on the sun-path diagram aligning
the centre of the base of the protractor to the centre of the sun-path diagram,
such that Zero degrees on the semi-circular perimeter scale faces north.

16. Note down the values of the horizontal and vertical shadow angles which
would be sufficient to cover the over-heated period.
17. Repeat stages 15 and 16 for all the four principal directions.
When a building elevation is considered from the point of view of shading, it will be
represented in plan by a line crossing the centre point of the solar chart. Any part of
the over-heated period behind this line can be ignored : when the sun is in these
positions, it will not strike the elevation considered.

The design of a suitable shading device is basically the finding of a shading mask
which overlaps the over=heated period with as close a fit as possible. Many
combinations of vertical and horizontal shading devices may achieve the same
purpose. Minor compromises may be acceptable, i.e. for short periods the sun may be
permitted to enter, if this results in substantial economies.

Once the necessary shadow angles have been established, the design of the actual
form of the shading devices will be a simple task and should be handled together with
other considerations namely structural, aesthetic, day-lighting and air-movement.