Group

Outstanding historical events of

Vietnam and the U.S and their impacts
on the development of two countries
Mai Khac Kien
Duong Thi Hop
Cao Thu Trang
 Outline
Outstanding Their impacts on the
01 historical events of 02 development of two
Vietnam & the U.S countries
1.1 The American revolution 2.1 Impacts of The American

1.2 War against France revolution on the U.S

1.3 War against the U.S 2.2 Impacts of War against France and

the U.S on Vietnam

 01
Outstanding historical events
of Vietnam & the U.S
 1.1
- The American revolution -
 1.1 The American revolution

Definition and The main historical events

1.1.1 background 1.1.3 and the aftermath
information

Causes of the The Importance of the

1.1.2 Revolutionary War 1.1.4 American Revolution
 1.1.1
Definition and
background information
1.1.1 Definition and background
information
1.1.1.1 Definition
1.1.1.2 Background information
1.1.1.1 Definition: What is a Revolution?

A revolution is the violent removal of the

leadership or government of a country

The last quarter of the eighteenth century is

called The Age of Revolutions
 1.1.1.2 Background information

01 There were thirteen states on the East Coast of America, which

were known in Britain as The Colonies

02 Ancestors of people who emigrated from Britain belonged to the

British Empire, which was ruled by King George III
1.1.2 Causes of the
Revolutionary War
 1.1.2 Causes of the Revolutionary War

1.1.2.1 The Question of

Taxes 1.1.2.3 The Boston Tea Party

The Boston The British government

1.1.2.2 Massacre 1770 1.1.2.4 took action
 1.1.2.1 The Question of Taxes

The British sent armies to America to protect

colonists from attacks by American Indians and
French forces in Canada

Britain imposed a series of deeply unpopular laws

and taxes
1.1.2.2 The Boston Massacre 1770

A group of local people jeered and threw stones at

British soldiers

The soldiers opened fire and killed five people

Anger spread through the Colonies which forced the

British to cancel some of the taxes
1.1.2.3 The Boston Tea Party

The American colonists smuggled tea into America

In November 1773, English ships arrived at Boston

port

On December 16th, a group of colonists arrived at

the port and dumped the tea into the harbour
1.1.2.4 The British government took action

The British closed the port and city of Boston

They replaced locally- elected councils with

officials in London
 1.1.3
The main historical events
and the aftermath
1.1.3.1 The First Continental Congress
In 1774, delegates from the thirteen Colonies met in
Philadelphia for the important meeting

The Congress called for an end to British taxation

and for the return of elected councils

It asked each Colony to raise an army to fight

against the British
1.1.3.2 The American War of Independence

The war began in April 1775

when the Americans
colonists clashed with
British troops at Lexington
and Concord near Boston
1.1.3.3 The Second Continental Congress

The Second Continental

Congress meets in May
1775 and appoints
George Washington as
Commander in Chief of
the American army
1.1.3.4 The American Declaration of Independence

The “United States of America” was

“free and independent” of Britain

It declared equality for all the men

of America

An elected president would rule a

free United States of America
1.1.3.5 France in the American Revolution war

In 1776, France was one of the great

powers of Europe

The country was angry from the loss

of its American colonies at the end of
the Seven Years’ War in 1763
1.1.3.5 France in the American Revolution war

Benjamin Franklin arrived in

Paris in December 1776 as the
first official representative of
the United States
1.1.3.5 France in the American Revolution war

In 1778, the relationship

between France and the
United States was
formalized with the
Treaty of Alliance
1.1.3.5 France in the American Revolution war

The French army and navy

battled the British all over
the world which stretched
the capabilities of the
British war effort in
America
1.1.3.5 France in the American Revolution war

The last battle of the

war occurred when
British and French
ships clashed off the
coast of India in 1783
1.1.3.6 Aftermath

Surrender of Lord Cornwallis,

depicting Cornwallis and his army
(center) surrendering to French
(left) and American (right) troops,
at the conclusion of the Siege of
Yorktown in 1781
1.1.3.6 Aftermath

Preliminary articles of peace

were signed on November
30, 1782, and the Peace of
Paris (September 3rd , 1783)
ended the U.S. War of
Independence
1.1.3.6 Aftermath

Great Britain recognized
the independence of the
United States (with western
boundaries to
the Mississippi River)
1.1.3.7 American Revolution Facts
1.1.4 The Importance of the American Revolution

The American Revolution created the most powerful

country in the world

The success of the Revolution showed that ordinary

people could take control of their own country

The American Revolution influenced other

countries
 1.2
Historical events
of Vietnam
1.2 Historical events of Vietnam
1.2.1. War resistance against France
1.2.2 War resistance against the U.S
 1.2.1
War resistance
against France
 1.2.1. War resistance against France

1.2.1.1 Causes of the

outbreak of war
1.2.1.3 Revolution of the
war

Party’s line of Importance of war

1.2.1.2 resistance against 1.2.1.4 against France
France
 1.2.1.1
Causes of the war
 1.2.1.1 Causes of resistance war
The French
Defense
Committee
decided to
send 60.000
troops to
Preliminary
Indochina
23/9/1945 Agreement 14/9/1946

17/8/1945 The battlefields 6/3/1946 Vietnam-France

took place on Agreement
the Southern of
Viet Nam
The signing ceremony of the Preliminary Agreement President Ho Chi Minh and Minister Marius Moutet
on March 6, 1946 at 38 Ly Thai To, Hanoi. signed the Temporary Agreement on Vietnam-France
relations in Paris on September 14, 1946.
 1.2.1.1 Causes of resistance war

Hai Phong
and Lang Son
were The French army
occupied 15-16/12/1946 sent an
19/12/1946
ultimatum

10/1946 The French 18-19/12/1946 Resistance Campaign

attacked Hanoi
A suicide soldier holding a triple-armed bomb fights on President Ho Chi Minh's appeal to the national
the streets of Hanoi. resistance, December 19, 1946.
 1.2.1.2
Party’s line of resistance
against France
1.2.1.2 Party’s line of resistance against France

All-people Comprehensive Long-term

resistance resistance
Every citizen is a We fight on political,
soldier, and every village military, cultural,
is a fortress economic and social
aspects
resistance
Against the “quick hit
quick victory” strategy
of France

Self-reliance
Our country has to be
self-sufficient because
it has not been
supported by any
country against the
French
International
support
Our Party also
appreciates the support
and assistance of other
countries but is not
completely dependent
 1.2.1.3
Revolution of the war
 1.2.1.3 Revolution of the war

1.2.1.3.1 The “Việt Bắc thu - đông” campaign in 1947

1.2.1.3.2 The autumn-winter border campaign in 1950

1.2.1.3.3 Dien Bien Phu campaign in 1954

 1.2.1.3 Revolution of the war

Do you know?
Name 3 outstanding campaigns in the resistance war
against the French in the following years respectively

1947 1950 1954

 1.2.1.3.1 The “Việt Bắc thu
- đông” campaign in 1947
12.000 troops 🡪 Viet Bac
• In the east: Vietnam troops blocked the enemy
on line 4, typical of the Bong Lau Pass
(30/10/1947)
• In the West: Our army ambushed, fought on
the Lo River, notably the battles of Doan Hung
and Khe Lau
• French troops withdrew from Viet Bac
(19/12/1947)
 1.2.1.3.2 The autumn-winter
border campaign in 1950
• The campaign started with the battle of Dong Khe
(16/9/1950)
• Dong Khe was captured completely, That Khe was
threatened, Cao Bang was isolated (18/9/1950)
• We actively ambushed and intercepted the enemy on
Route 4
• The French army withdrew from That Khe and Na Sam
respectively
• 🡪 Route 4 was completely liberated (22/10/1950)
 1.2.1.3.3 Dien Bien Phu campaign in 1954

Phase 1
(13-17/3/1954)
attacked the enemy in the
North division, destroyed
the Him Lam and Doc Lap
fortresses
Phase 2
(30/3-26/4/1954) Phase 3
launched consecutive (1-7/5/1954)
attacks to attack the
defensive positions in simultaneously attacked
the east of the central and destroyed the
division of the fortress enemy's easy points of
and the hills A1, D1, C1, resistance
E1

🡪 General Descastri and the entire enemy staff were arrested at 5:30 pm on May 7, 1954
 1.2.1.4
Importance of war against
France
1.2.1.4.1 Importance of war against France
1.2.1.4.1.1 National:
o Defeat the war of invasion by the French colonialists
o Gain international recognition of sovereignty,
independence and territorial integrity of Indochina
countries
o Foil the American imperialist's plot to prolong and expand
the war
o Completely liberate the North, create conditions for the
North to advance to socialism as a base, and support the
struggle in the South
o Increase national pride and enhance Vietnam's prestige in
the international arena
1.2.1.4.1 Importance of war against France

1.2.1.4.2.2 International
o Strongly promote national liberation
movements in the world
o Break the yoke of colonialism in three
Indochinese countries
o Usher the collapse of old colonialism in the
world
 1.2.2
War against the U.S
- the 2nd Vietnam war –
(1955-1975)
 1.2.2 War against the U.S

1.2.2.1 Background 1.2.2.3 Damages

information

Importance of
1.2.2.2 Historical 1.2.2.4 war against
events
the U.S
 Exercise

Annually, we have a day – off in 30th April to celebrate:

01
a) International worker’s day
b) Victory
Victory against
against the
theU.S
U.S
c) Independence day
 Exercise

02 Which is the official flag of the South of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975?

a) b) c)
 Exercise

Which river lies on the province that separated the North from the
03 South of Vietnam before 1975?
a) Thach
Thach Han river
river
b) Bach Dang river
c) Hoang Ha river
 1.2.2.1
Background information
 An official fight between
North Vietnam and South Vietnam
(1955-1975)
1.2.2.1 Background information
1.2.2.1.1 North Vietnam
1.2.2.1.2 South Vietnam
 1.2.2.1.1 North Vietnam

Leader: Ho Chi Minh

Supporter: Soviet Union & China

Military force:

National Front for the Liberation

(Vietcong)

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam

People's Army of Vietnam
(1954-1976)
 1.2.2.1.2 South Vietnam
Leader: Ngo Dinh Diem (1955–1963)
Nguyen Van Thieu (1965–1975).
Duong Van Minh (1975)

Supporter: The U.S

Military force:

Army of the Republic of Vietnam

The Republic of Vietnam
(1955-1975) United States Armed Forces
 1.2.2.2
Historical events
 1.2.2.2 1.2.2.2.1 Negotiation

Historical
1.2.2.2.2 The U.S’s interfere
1.2.2.2.3 Vietnamization
events 1.2.2.2.4 After Paris peace accords
 1.2.2.2 Historical events

The U.S ’s After Paris peace

Negotiation

Vietnamization
intervention accords

Final
Gulf of Paris
campaigns
Tonkin Tet peace
Geneva offensive
incident accords
conference unification

(05/03-30/04)
1955 1960 1964 1968 1969 1972 1973 1975
 1.2.2.2.1 Negotiation (Before 1960 )
- French troops withdrew from Vietnam
- Vietnam was temporarily partitioned at the 17th
parallel
- Elections planned to be held in 1956 to establish a
unified government, but failed to happen
- The U.S assumed financial and military support for
the South Vietnamese state
- Conflicts occurred -> an attempt for political
struggle -> try in vain -> armed struggle

Geneva conference (1954)

 1.2.2.2.2
The U.S’ intervention
(1960-1969 )

The U.S brought armed force to Vietnam

4/8/1964: Gulf of Tonkin incident
 1.2.2.2.2 The U.S’ intervention
Gulf of Tonkin incident
A ship of the Democratic Republic is accused to attack an American ship which are stalking them

Stop supplying the South Vietnamese

Liberation Army with necessity. Otherwise,
we’ll drop bomb in North Vietnam to retaliate.

Never

------ 9 years later -------

643,000 tons of bombs were

rained down in total since then.
 1.2.2.2.2
The U.S’ intervention
(1960-1969)
The U.S brought armed force to Vietnam
4/8/1964: Gulf of Tonkin incident
1968: Tet offensive
 1.2.2.2.2 The U.S’ intervention
Tet offensive
The authority of North Vietnam The authority of South Vietnam

End the war as soon as possible

was informed
Attack bases, towns and cities of … Get shocked and defeated
didn’t believe

mistakes
2nd + 3rd
1st attack
succeeded
Lose trust & be asked to
withdraw troops
heavy toll of human life

In 8/6/1969: President Richard Nixon announced the withdrawal of troops from Vietnam
 1.2.2.2.3
Vietnamization
(1969-1972)

end U.S. involvement in VN

Definition: a policy train South Vietnamese forces

assign to them an
ever-increasing combat role

the Republic of Vietnam had to fight on its own (with financial support from the U.S)

army of the North >< army of the South

 1.2.2.2.4
After Paris peace accords
(1972-1975)
27/01/1973: Paris Peace Accords
Paris Peace Accords: an agreement on ending the war and restoring peace
in which remove the U.S. from the conflict in Vietnam.

negotiation

Accord is violated = war continues in Vietnam

 1.2.2.2.4
After Paris peace accords
(1972-1975)
1975 (05/03 – 30/04): Final campaigns
(1975 Spring Offensive, Battle of Ban Me Thuot, and Hue–Da Nang Campaign.)

“Two tanks crashed through the gates of the Independence Palace and the Viet Cong flag was raised above it at 11:30 am local
time. The Republic of Vietnam announced its surrender. North Vietnam and South Vietnam are unified. ”

- Wikipedia

War against the U.S ends

1.2.2.3
Damages
1.2.2.3.1 Damages on Vietnam

1.2.2.3.1.1 Human

1.2.2.3.1.2 Political and

ideological division
1.2.2.3.1.1 Human

2m – 5m 45,260
Tons of toxic chemicals sprayed in
Casualty South Vietnam

7.85 m
tons of bombs dropped by US
aircraft on Vietnam
 1.2.2.3.1.1 Human

250 X3
atomic bombs
7.85 m
number of bombs used by all
countries in World War II
US dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki (destructive power)
Tons of bomb
250 kg
“Vietnam is the most bombed country of bombs
in the history of the world” each Vietnamese person at that
time suffered from
1.2.2.3.1.2 Political and ideological
division
 1.2.2.3 Damages
1.2.2.3.2 Damages on the U.S

1.2.2.3.2.1 Human
1.2.2.3.2.2 Economy
1.2.2.3.2.1 Human

The U.S Vietnam

Casualty 58,220 2 million – 5 million

Wound 305,000 Millions

Sufferings 700,000 No data

(Vietnam syndrome)
1.2.2.3.2.2 Economy

141 billion (1975)

~ 839 billion (2020)
The most expensive war the US have participated in
since World War II
 1.2.2.4
Importance of war
against the U.S
1.2.2.4 Importance of war against the U.S
1.2.2.4.1 National:
▪ open a new era - the era of national independence
and socialism
▪ repel poverty and backwardness
▪ create a happy, democratic and civilized life.

1.2.2.4.2 International:
▪ promote the struggle of people across the world
against invaders for independence and peace.
▪ raise the country’s status and prestige on the

Geneva conference (1954) international arena.

 02
Their impacts on the
development of two countries
02. Their impacts on the development of two countries

2.1 Impacts of the American revolution

on the development of the U.S

2.2 Impacts of the war against France

on the development of Vietnam

Impacts of the war against the U.S on

2.3 both Vietnam and the U.S
 2.1
Impacts of the American
revolution on the
development of the U.S
2.1 Impacts of the American revolution on the
development of the U.S

2.1.1 Short-term impacts

2.1.2 Long-term impacts

 2.1.1 Short-term impacts

2.1.1.1 The creation of state constitutions

2.1.1.2 Impacts on politics

2.1.1.3 Impacts on society

2.1.1.1 The creation of state constitutions

Pennsylvania’s first state constitution

created a unicameral legislature and an
Executive Council but no genuine
executive. All free men could vote,
including those who did not own
property.
2.1.1.1 The creation of state constitutions

In 1780, Massachusetts
established a
three-branch
government based on
checks and balances
between the branches.

It also offered the

executive veto power
over legislation.
 2.1.1.2 Impacts on politics

Political participation grew as more people gained the

right to vote.

More common citizens (or “new men”) played

increasingly important roles in local and state
governance.
 2.1.1.3 Impacts on society

Hierarchy within the states underwent significant changes.

Locke’s ideas of “natural law” had been central to the

Declaration of Independence and the state constitutions.

Society became less deferential and more egalitarian, less

aristocratic and more meritocratic.
 2.1.2 Long-term impacts

Impacts on the
2.1.2.1 The end of
mercantilism
2.1.2.3 lives of slaves and
free blacks

Impacts on the
2.1.2.2 Impacts on the
lives of women
2.1.2.4 lives of native
Americans
 2.1.2.1 The end of mercantilism

The Revolution opened new markets and new trade relationships.

The Americans’ victory also opened the western territories for invasion
and settlement, which created new domestic markets.

Americans began to create their own manufacturers, no longer content to

reply on those in Britain.
2.1.2.2 Impacts on the lives of women in the United States

Women became incorporated into the polity to some degree

as “republican mothers.”

These new republican societies required virtuous citizens

and it became mothers’ responsibility to raise and educate
future citizens.
2.1.2.3 Impacts on the lives of slaves and free blacks

In 1783, thousands of Loyalist

former slaves fled with the
British army.

They hoped that the British

government would uphold the
promise of freedom and help
them establish new homes
elsewhere in the Empire. 
2.1.2.3 Impacts on the lives of slaves and free blacks

The Treaty of Paris demanded

that British troops leave
runaway slaves behind, but
the British military
commanders evacuated
thousands of freedmen,
transporting them to Canada,
the Caribbean, or Great
Britain
2.1.2.3 Impacts on the lives of slaves and free blacks

In 1792, Black loyalist and

Baptist preacher David
George resisted
discrimination, joining a
colonization project that led
nearly 1,200 former black
Americans from Nova Scotia
to Sierra Leone, in Africa.
2.1.2.4 Impacts on the lives of native Americans

Native Americans’
support for the British
created a pretense for
justifying the rapid, and
often brutal expansion
into the western
territories
 2.2
Impacts of the war
against France on the
development of Vietnam
 2.2 Impacts of the war against France on the
development of Vietnam
2.2.1 Economic impacts
2.2.1.1 Agriculture
2.2.1.2 Industry
2.2.1.3 Craft industry
2.2.1.4 Transportation

2.2.2 Cultural and social impacts

2.2.2.1 Language and art
2.2.2.2 Architecture
2.2.2.3 Culinary
2.2.2.4 Human
2.2.1 Economic impacts 2.2.1.1 Agriculture

o The increase of arable land area (from 2,600,000 to

3,100,000)

o Appearance of industrial crops and many new plant varieties

o Appearance of western farm tools: hoe, shovel, crowbar…

o Progress in hydroponics

Vietnam's agricultural economy brought many positive changes

and moved to a period of commodity production

2.2.1 Economic impacts 2.2.1.2 Industry
o A series of factories, enterprises and economic establishments were launched

o Mining, light industry and processing industry had many favorable conditions to develop

o Tile, glass and printing production facilities were invested and developed

o The agricultural product processing industry was also greatly expanded with facilities for rice

milling, cane sugar making, oil pressing, etc.

2.2.1 Economic impacts 2.2.1.3 Craft industry

Expansion of cities

Handicraft industries in
Vietnam had many opportunities
for development

Appearance of mechanical vehicles

2.2.1 Economic impacts 2.2.1.4 Transportation

o Thousands of kilometers of railways and hundreds of iron bridges were built, typically Trang Tien
bridge in Hue and Long Bien bridge in Hanoi
o Thousands of kilometers of canals were dug in the South of Vietnam
o Many new ports were built: Hai Phong, Da Nang, Saigon,...
2.2.2 Cultural and social impacts 2.2.2.1 Language and art

Tho Moi – Vietnamese Poetry

Vietnamese Roman Alphabet
Movement

Novel, frontline music, drama

2.2.2 Cultural and social impacts 2.2.2.2 Architecture

Unique architectural works

(Indochina architecture)
2.2.2 Cultural and social impacts 2.2.2.3 Culinary

French culinary culture

Vietnamese society
New habits
2.2.2 Cultural and social impacts 2.2.2.4 Human

A new line of thought in the minds of the young patriotic intellectuals

Ho Chi Minh – Vietnamese great leader

 2.3
Impacts of the war against
the U.S on the development
of both the U.S and Vietnam
 2.3 Impacts of the war against the U.S on the
development of both the U.S and Vietnam

2.3.1 Impacts on the development of Vietnam

2.3.1.1 Positive impacts
2.3.1.2 Negative impacts

2.3.2 Impacts on the development of the U.S

2.3.2.1 Positive impacts
2.3.2.2 Negative impacts
 2.3.1
Impacts on the
development of Vietnam
 2.3.1.2.1 Impacts on population

7.85 m
tons of bombs dropped by US 45,260
aircraft on Vietnam Tons of toxic chemicals sprayed in
South Vietnam

2m – 5m
Casualty
 2.3.1.2.2 Impacts on economy

- In South Vietnam: - In North Vietnam:

+ Dependent and insecure economy: heavy + Manufacturing interruption, public facilities’
dependence on the sponsorship from the U.S destruction: : bombs are deliberately dropped in

+ Damaged agriculture : Fields laid waste + factories, hospitals, resident areas, school.

soil was contaminated (by toxic chemicals) + Lack of labor force: most men in working ages
were called for battles

Backward economy
 2.3.1.2.3 Impacts on society

- In South Vietnam: - In North Vietnam:

+ Ideological division: regional discrimination between “Bac Ky” and “Nam Ky”

+ Interruption in the transitional period to

socialism: focus all sources on the army and
battle

Separated and incomplete society

 2.3.2
Impacts on the
development of the U.S
 2.3.2.1 Impacts on economy

$141 billion (1975)

~ $839 billion (2020)
The 2nd most expensive war the US have participated in
Economic depression in 1970s
 2.3.2.1 Impacts on population

The U.S Vietnam

Casualty 58,220 2 million – 5 million

Wound 305,000 Millions

Sufferings 700,000 No data

(Vietnam syndrome)
Thank for your attention!