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4 - Water Demand
4 - Water Demand
WATER DEMAND
• Design Engineer has to evaluate the amount of
water available and the amount of water
demanded by the public.
• In fact, the first study is to consider the
demand, and then the second requirement is to
find sources to fulfill that demand.
Types of Water Demands
• It is very difficult to precisely assess the
quantity of water demanded by the public,
since there are many variable factors affecting
water consumption.
• Certain thumb rules and empirical formulas
are, therefore, generally used to assess this
quantity.
Types of Water Demands
• The various types of water demands, which a city
may have, may be divided into the following
classes:
• (1) Domestic water demand;
• (2) Industrial water demand;
• (3) Institution and commercial water demand;
• (4)Demand for public uses;
• (5) Fire demand; and
• (6) Water required to compensate losses in wastes
and thefts.
Domestic Water Demand
• This includes the water required in private
buildings for drinking, cooking, bathing, lawn
sprinkling, gardening, sanitary purposes, etc.
• The amount of domestic water consumption
per person shall vary according to the living
conditions of the consumers.
• As per IS : 1172-1983 as well as National
building code, this domestic consumption
under normal conditions is expected to be
around 135 L/c/d.
Average Domestic Water Consumption
Industrial Water Demand
• The industrial water demand represents the water
demand of industries ,which are either existing or
are likely to be started in future, in the city for
which water supply is being planned.
• This quantity will thus vary with the number and
types of industries present in the city.
• The ordinary per capita consumption is generally
taken as 50 liters/ person/ day, which may serve
only to meet the water demand of small scattered
industries, without providing to larger industries.
• Separate provision will have to be made to meet
the water demand of such specific industries.
• The approximate quantities of water required
by different industries per unit of their
production, are shown in table, which may
serve as a rough guide in estimating the total
industrial demand.
Water Demand of Certain Important Industries
• Due to continuous modernization and reuse of
water in industrial processes, the industrial
water requirements are getting reduced than
those shown in table.
Institutional and Commercial Water Demand