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• /etc/apt/sources.list
• dpkg
• dpkg-reconfigure
• apt-get
• apt-cache
• aptitude
Installing packages
We do not have "bzr" installed.
test@localhost:~/w/lpic/101$ bzr
The program 'bzr' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt-get install bzr
test@localhost:~/w/lpic/101$ which bzr
test@localhost:~/w/lpic/101$ type bzr
bash: type: bzr: not found
so lets install it. If we have the .deb file:
apt-get install bzr
note that
Package location
where these packages come from? from a Repository of
different Repositories which are defined at /etc/apt/sources.list file and files located
at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ in the form of:
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://ir.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe
multiverse
Updating
for updating a single package
apt-get install tzdata
and for upgrading whatever installed:
apt-get upgrade
or going to a new distribution:
apt-get dist-upgrade
Note: as most other tools, you can configure the default configs at /etc/apt/apt.conf
and there is a program apt-config for this purpose.
reconfiguring packages
A program called debconf configures packages after they are installed. you can
reconfigure a package (say tzdata) using
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
aptitude
is a newer tool for managing files. It can be used like this:
$ aptitude install jcal
$ aptitude remove jcal
$ aptitude search cal
$ aptitude show bzr
or it can also be used as a standalone program: