18.

Define:
a) Closed Source:
The software that is exclusively controlled and modified by its original
creators (person, team, or organization) is called "proprietary" or "closed
source" software.
b) Free Software:
The software whose terms of distribution allows users to study, change,
and distribute it, is called free software.
c) Open Source:
Open Source refers to a computer software whose source code is
available to the public, and may be modified, improvised, or debugged.

19.What is open source license?

Ans: As per Open Source Initiative, "Open source licenses are licenses that
comply with the Open Source Definition - in brief they allow software to
be freely used modified and shared."

20.List some broadly used open source license.

Ans: Broadly used open source licenses are being given below:-
a) GNU General Public Licenses(GPU)
b) GNU LESSER General Public Licenses(LGPU)
c) Berkeley Software Distribution LICENSE(BSD)
d) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
e) APACHE LICENSE

21.Differentiate between public domain software and proprietary software.

Ans:
Proprietary Software
It is primarily a commercial software.
It does not provide its source code.
Copying, relicencing, and distribution
are prohibited.
The copyright holder may take legal
action against the user in case the
terms and conditions of the licence
are violated.
Public Domain Software
It is free and open-source software.
Maybe modified, sold, or distributed
by anyone.
Unpatented and unrestricted by the
developers by their own will.
 22.What do you mean by freedom of information?

Ans: Freedom of information refers to right to access information available on

public platforms.

23.Define digital divide. What are two major reasons of digital reach?

Ans: Digital divide refers to the difference between people who have easy
access to the Internet and those who do not.
Two major reasons of digital reach
(i) Technology Reach
(ii) Digital Literacy

24.Explain the following

a) OSI: The Open Source Initiative (OSI) is a non-profit corporation
whose goal is to promote the use of open source software in the
commercial world.
b) Freeware: The term freeware is generally used for software, which
is available free of cost and which allows copying and further
distribution but not modification and whose source code is not
available.
c) Shareware: Shareware is software, which is made available with
the right to redistribute copies, but it is stipulated that if one
intends to use the software often after a certain period of time,
then a license fee should be paid.
d) Copylefted software: copyleft is a general license agreement
granted by a copyright owner permitting anyone to freely use
copyrighted property but under specific terms.