Module No.

1
GRADE 12 STEM - DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION

DIFFERENT DISASTER PERSPECTIVE

Prepared by: MR. ANTONIO B. BELLUGA

Learner’s Name: _____________________________ Section: ______________

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 CURRICULUM CONNECTIONS

Content Standards
The learners demonstrate understanding of concept of disaster, disaster risk, and
nature and effects of disasters.

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELCs)

 Explain the meaning of disaster.
 Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters.
Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
At the end of this session, as a Senior High School learner:
 I can explain the meaning of disaster.
 I can differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters.

Life Performance Outcome (LPO)

LPO2: Courageous, Resourceful EXPLORERS and PROBLEM SOLVERS
I am a courageous, resourceful explorer and problem solver, demonstrating my
creativity and charism.
LOP3: Credible, Responsive COMMUNICATORS and TEAM PLAYERS
I am a credible, responsive communicator and team player, building harmonious
community through active collaboration.

Essential Performance Outcome (EPO)

EPO1: Initiate and sustain efforts that draw attention to environmental issues and
propose workable measures to
reduce and eventually eliminate them.
EPO2: Join others in operating local projects that tangibly protect and preserve
the environment and all life forms.

INTRODUCTION

Every year we experienced a lot of disasters be it natural, or man-made. Natural

disasters take different forms, like typhoon, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, or
fires. With these natural disasters, it almost left us with nothing. Our homes, our farm
produce, and the worsts is it took lives of our love ones.
In this module, we will be able to describe and understand how these natural
phenomena affects one's life from different perspectives, be it physical, psychological,
socio-cultural, economic, political, and biological.
So, toward this end we can apply our skills, knowledge and understanding in coping
with life's burden brought about by these phenomena.

SO, let's DROP, COVER, and HOLD!!!

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 DISCUSSION AND ACTIVITIES

Firm-up

What is a disaster?
The UNITED NATION INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY for DISASTER
REDUCTION, (UNISDR) defines disaster as “a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material,
economic, or environmental losses, which exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope, using its own resources.”

Similarly, the World Health Organization (WHO, 2002), describes disaster as

“any occurrence that caused damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life,
deterioration of health and health services, on a scale sufficient to warrant
extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.”
 Nature of Disasters
1. Natural- originates from different forces of nature (geological,
meteorological, hydro meteorological and biological forces)
Examples: earthquake, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, and cyclones.

2. Human-made- due to people’s actions against material, and environment.

Examples: transport and industrial accidents, such as air and train crashes,
chemical spills, and building collapses.
Terrorism is also categorized as human-made disaster.

 Types of Disasters
1. Natural Disasters
 Agricultural diseases and pests, storm surge, drought and water
shortage-El Nino
 Earthquakes, hurricanes and tropical storms, landslides and debris
flow, thunderstorms and lightning
 Tornadoes, tsunamis, wildfires, sinkholes, emergency diseases
(pandemic influenza)
 Extreme heat, floods and flash floods, La Nina

2. Human-Made and Technological Disasters

 Hazardous materials, power service disruption and blackout, nuclear
power plant and nuclear blast
 Radiological emergencies, chemical threat and biological weapons,
cyber-attack, explosion, civil unrest.

 WHAT IS HAZARD?
 A hazard is “a situation or an occurrence with capacity to bring
damages to lives, properties, and the environment.”
 A dangerous phenomena or a human activity or condition that may
also cause loss of livelihoods and services as well as social and
economic disruption.
 The UNITED NATION INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY for DISASTER
REDUCTION, (UNISDR) defines hazard as

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 “A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human
activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage,
social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.”

 WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF HAZARD?

 Hazard or threats can be classified into three (3), namely:
1. Natural Hazards - are natural phenomena that pose threats or cause
negative impacts to people and property.
Examples: typhoon, storm surge, flood/flashflood, earthquake, tsunami,
volcanic eruption, lahar flows, drought, red tide, pestilence, and fire.

2. Human-Made Hazards - include civil conflict, displacement due to

development projects, environmental degradation, industrial technological
hazards like leakage of toxic waste, oil spill, fish kills, nuclear, gaseous,
chemical contamination, famine, drought, fires, and flood.
3. Combination of Socio-Natural Hazards- flooding and drought can fall
under this category if these are due to deforestation.

Deepen

Risk Factors Underlying Disasters

Several factors that determine the degree of disaster risk are:
1. Severity of exposure - this leads to future mental problem when the amount
of exposure is high.
Studies have looked at severe natural disasters, such as the 1990 earthquake in
Baguio, 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption and the 2013 Typhoon Yolanda in Tacloban.
2. Gender and Family - women or girls suffer more negative effects than do men
or boys.
Women with spouses experience more distress during recovery period.
3. Age - age ranging from 40-60 are likely to be more distressed after disasters.
Children show more severe distress after disasters than do adults.
4. Developing countries - have more severe mental health impact than disasters
do in developed countries. Natural disasters have more severe effects than
human-caused disasters do in developed countries.
5. Low or negative social support - the support of others can be both a risk and
a resilient factor.
Social support can weaken after disasters due to stress and the need for
members of the support network to get on with their own lives.

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