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Flue Gas Desulfurization

ENVIRONMENT
Wet Scrubber

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Precipitator (DESP)

Wet Electrostatic
Precipitator (WESP)

Bag Filter (Online & Offline)

Electrified Gravel Bed

Precipitator (EGB)

Slurry De-Watering System

Flue Gas Desulfurization

Dust And Fume Extraction

 Dust Suppression System

Wet Scrubber for Prill Tower

ENERGY
Bagasse Dryer

Enviro Earn-Hybrid Dryer

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Flue Gas Desulfurization

Working Principle of Flue Gas Desulfurization System

WET FGD (DUAL ALKALI)

The flue gas is passed through specially designed Enviropol-Ventray FGD Scrubber to suit dual
alkali (Caustic/lime) application for over 95% Sox removal at optimized operating cost.

This Scrubber is designed to de-sulfurize the flue gas in two stages with lime & Caustic solution as
solvents. The primary stages includes a Venturi section operating with lime followed by the final
scrubbing with caustic solution using multi stage tray/spray tower.

The clean and de-sulphurised gas is then reheated using steam heater, mounted on top of the tray
tower as an optional device before exit to the atmosphere through integrated stack.
The effluent generated is processed for de-watering for sludge disposal or for byproduct recovery in
the form of saleable Gypsum/Sodium Sulphate.

Enviropol Engineers is a leading flue gas desulfurization manufacturers, suppliers and exporters
company from India. We are supplying high quality flue gas desulphurization technology around the
world at the most competitive prices.

Why FGD? 

Indian coal contains sulphur in the range of 0.2 per cent to 0.7 per cent by weight. With this sulphur
content, it is estimated that domestic coal-based plants emit Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) in the range of
800-1,600 mg/Nm3. This is way above the levels specified in the revised emission norms. Revised
emission norms of flue gas desulfurization in India was specified by govt in December 2015, by the
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). All companies are, therefore,
retrofitting thermal power plant (TPP) units with SOx-control technologies from the flue gas
desulfurization manufacturer. So flue gas desulfurization companies are providing the SOx-control
technologies to follow the govt norms for the emission.

One of the most widely used technologies for Sulphur Oxide (SOx) control is wet flue gas
desulphurisation (FGD) based on limestone. Under this post-combustion SOx elimination method,
SOx is oxidised to form gypsum, which can then be eliminated as a byproduct. Apart from limestone,
seawater and ammonia can be used in wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) as reagents. Some of the
other post-combustion SOx-control technologies are dry and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization
(tel:+91
(FGD), and dry absorbent injection (DSI). SOx emissions can also be managed through pre-
combustion technologies such as coal beneficiation as well as in-combustion technologies such as 880069
(https://
circulating fluidised bed combustion (CFBC).

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Wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) (mailto:

Wet flue gas desulphurization system roughly has SOx removal efficiency of over 90 per cent. On
the basis of the reagent used, an FGD equipment can be classified as seawater based, ammonia
based and limestone-based. Wet flue gas desulfurization system (FGD) comprises four main
processes- flue gas handling, reagent (limestone) handling and preparation, absorber and oxidation,
and secondary water and gypsum handling. Wet freshwater flue gas desulphurization
equipment uses limestone slurry to remove SOx. The flue gas drawn from the boiler is directed into
the absorption tower by a booster fan. Inside the absorber tower, the flue gas comes in contact with
the limestone slurry, sprayed through nozzles installed at the top of the tower. A chemical reaction
occurs between the SOx in the gas and the limestone slurry, leading to the formation of calcium
sulphite. Calcium sulphite is then oxidised at the bottom of the tower using compressed air and
converted into calcium sulphate or gypsum. A saleable byproduct, gypsum can be used as a raw
material in the cement manufacturing industry. However, good quality limestone is required to
produce saleable gypsum.

Seawater-based flue gas desulphurization technology uses seawater as a reagent and no other
chemicals are required for SOx removal. Since seawater is naturally alkaline, it absorbs acidic gases
like SOx. The effluent seawater, after the reaction, flows into a seawater treatment system to
complete the oxidation of the absorbed SOx into sulphate. The sulphate ion thus formed is harmless
and can be sent back to the sea.
Flue Gas Desulphurization Technology Selection Criteria

The selection of flue gas desulphurization technology (FGD) is done on the basis of economic,
technical and commercial aspects. These include capital cost, operating cost, the efficiency to
remove SO2, performance reliability, space requirement, and a proven track record. While wet
limestone-based freshwater flue gas desulfurization system is techno-economically feasible for
inland power stations, ammonia-based FGDs are not very popular because the reagent (ammonia)
is considerably more expensive and hazardous than limestone. Moreover, there is a risk of ammonia
slip, that is, ammonia releasing into the atmosphere without any reaction taking place in the flue gas
desulphurization system (FGD), which poses environmental hazards. Hence, wet limestone-based
FGD is a preferred option because the reagent is easily available and inexpensive and can be easily
handled. Meanwhile, seawater-based FGD is mostly used in coastal plants.

Dry and semi-dry Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)

Dry and semi-dry flue gas desulfurization equipment includes a range of technologies in which SOx
reacts with limestone particles in a humid environment to form sulphite. Broadly, dry and semi-dry
FGD processes include furnace/duct sorbent injection using sodium/calcium-based reagent and the
spray drier absorber (SDA) technology using slaked lime or limestone as reagent. An SDA system
uses a roof gas disperser, a central gas disperser for dispersing flue gas and an atomiser to spray
the reagent slurry. Inside an SDA system, limestone slurry is atomised and sprayed over the flue gas
to absorb SOx. The dry product thus formed is collected in an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). Dry
FGDs equipments are economically more feasible for smaller power producing units. In units of the
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capacity of over 400 MW, wet flue gas desulphurization system installation works out to be less
expensive. 880069
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DSI System
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Another post-combustion SOx removal technology is DSI. This is mostly used in small power
generation units that are less than or equal to 250 MW. DSI has SOx removal efficiency of 50–60 per
cent. This is sufficient to meet the SO2 emission norms, in cases where these emissions are in the
range of 800-1,000 mg per Nm3. DSI uses calcium-based (calcium hydroxide) or sodium-based
(sodium bicarbonate) sorbent to remove SO2. It is a feasible alternative for units that would not find
it cost-effective to invest in a wet or dry flue gas desulphurisation system. Besides this, the erection
and commissioning period of a DSI system is only around one year, which is much lower than other
technologies. However, the downside of DSI is that sorbent injection generates extra dust loads on
electrostatic precipitators (ESPs), thus necessitating retrofitting of ESPs simultaneously. Notably,
NTPC has opted for DSI at its Dadri power plant.

Our Manufacturing Range

Wet FGD (Lime/Caustic/Sea Water)

Semi-Dry FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization)

Dry FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurization)

Advantages of Flue Gas Desulphurization Equipment

European Colaboration
 High SOx Removal Efficiency (Over 95%)

Available With Re-Heater & Integrated Stack

Low Power Consumption

Up-Gradable To Meet Future Norms

Byproduct Recovery

Free From Scaling & Plugging

Optimum Cost Of Operation

Low Blow Down Rate & Water Usage

Selection Criteria: Flue Gas Desulphurization Technology

Sorbent Availability

Effluent Disposal / Byproduct Recovery

Lay Out And Available Space

Location Of Proposed Plant

Operating & Maintenance Cost

Available Capex
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Saleability Of By-Product

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Flue Gas Desulfurization Applications
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Oil and Gas

ENVIROPOL - Catalogue Contains Full Details Of Our Products.

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In this emerging world as the human race learned to evolve, new industries were being setup to
fulfill the needs of the people. With
increase in population & Industrialization, when the
production increases the Emissions from the Process also increases, With Time the
emissions
from the Industries also exceeded the Norms set by Government which led the Air Pollution
Control Equipment to step in to
assist these industries in controlling Pollution & meeting
Pollution control Norms. There were many methods formulated by Air Pollution
Control System
manufactures to overcome these problems faced by industry by providing Advanced Air
pollution control technology .
After more research, these technologies were divided into 2
categories Dry and Wet type by Air pollution control device manufacturers in
India. There are
some differences in these air filtration systems used according to the application.

The Dry technology is the most common and vastly used across industries. If we talk about
pharmaceutical sector their chemical dust is
harmful & has to be collected , so in this type of
application Cyclone Dust Collector or Bag filters are recommended by Dust Collector
Manufacturers as the norms are getting more stringent, also Dry Electrostatic Precipitator and
Cartridge Filters in other industries by Bag
Filter Manufacturer, Electrostatic Precipitator
Manufacturers and Cartridge Filter Manufacturers. With the increase in Energy generation
through Power Plants, for Safe & clean vicinity & healthy environment, Fume extraction system
was introduced to extract the fumes from
the Boilers/Furnaces or incinerators .

During 20 th century the wet scrubbing system was introduced followed by Slurry Dewatering
machine or system where high efficiency
was required by Power Plants & Industries. Wet
technology was also used to remove gaseous pollutants like Sox, NOx, Lead etc. With
the
stringent norms for Gaseous pollutants, Flue Gas Desulphurization Technology was developed
to trap Sox. But there are only few
reputed Flue Gas Desulphurization System manufacturers in
India & making Environment cleaner & greener. India being a developing
country and with
emerging industrialization, India is the world’s Highest SOx Emitter. You can find more about
FGD using hashtag Flue
Gas Desulfurization India.

Enviropol is doing every bit to save our mother earth from various pollutants.

Air Pollution Control Technology

Air pollution levels have been increasing in recent years. Most air contaminants originate from combustion processes. Air emissions have
many adverse environmental effects such as global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, or eutrophication of natural ecosystems and
biodiversity of freshwater bodies.

On the other hand, long-term exposure to air pollution has a serious impact on human health affecting the lungs and the respiratory
system. The principal pollutants of air pollution are NOX, SOX, CO2, CO, HC, other organic and inorganic gases, as well as particulate (tel:+91
matter(PM).
880069
Air Pollutants can be reduced by using a wide range of air pollution control devices in order to prevent their adverse effects on the (https://
environment and human health.
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The emphasis of the Enviropol article and Our primary focus is air pollution control technology as it is designed to reduce the particulate
and gaseous pollutants from the emissions of stationary sources, including Power Plants, Process industries & industrial facilities.

Enviropol having various International Technology Tie- ups- based approaches to reduce air pollutant emissions. Our technological
applications serve this purpose.

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