09:15, 18/10/2022 Chirag's Blog: HMAC | MAC based on Hash Function | HMAC Structure | HMAC Impelmentation | HMAC Pros
AC Impelmentation | HMAC Pros & Cons
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HMAC
stands for HASH Message Authentication Code (HMAC) is a specific technique for
calculating a
Theo dõi 552 Chia s
message authentication code (MAC) involving a combination of
cryptographic hash function and a
secret key cryptography.
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09:15, 18/10/2022 Chirag's Blog: HMAC | MAC based on Hash Function | HMAC Structure | HMAC Impelmentation | HMAC Pros & Cons
of AES encryption |
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Figure: HMAC Implementation
HMAC Algorithm
1. Append zeros to the left end of K to create a
b-bit string K+ .
2. XOR (bitwise exclusive-OR) with ipad to
produce the b-bit block Si.
3. Append M to Si.
4. Apply H to the stream generated in step 3.
5. XOR K+ with opad to produce the
b-bit block S0.
6. Append the hash result from step 4 to S0.
7. Apply H to the stream generated in step 6 and
output the result.
HMAC Algo Step by Step Explanation
Step – 1: Make the
length of K+ equal to b.
If length
of K+ < b: add 0 bit as required to the left of k.
If length
of K+ = b: In this case, we do not take any action, and proceed to
step 2.
If length
of K+ > b: we need to trim k, for this, we pass K through the
message-digest algorithm(H)
selected for this particular instance of HMAC.
Step – 2: XOR K+
with ipad to produce Si.
XOR K+
(the output of step 1) and ipad to produce a variable called Si.
Here ipad
= 00110110 (36 in Hexadecimal) repeated b/8 times.
Equation,
K+ ⊕ ipad = Si
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09:15, 18/10/2022 Chirag's Blog: HMAC | MAC based on Hash Function | HMAC Structure | HMAC Impelmentation | HMAC Pros & Cons
Step – 3: Append
original message M to Si
Take the
original message (M) and simply append it to the end of Si.
Equation,
[(K+ ⊕ ipad) || M] = Si || M
Step – 4: Apply
Message-digest algorithm
The
selected message-digest algorithm (e.g. MD5,SHA-l, etc.) is applied to the
output of step 3.
Equation, H[(K+ ⊕ ipad) || M] = H(Si
|| M)
Step – 5: XOR K+
with opad to produce So
XOR K+
(the output of step 1) with opad to produce a variable called as So.
Here opad
= 01011100 (5C in Hexadecimal) repeated b/8 times.
Equation,
K+ ⊕ opad = So
Step – 6: Append H
to So
Append
the message digest calculated in step 4 to the end of So.
Equation,
(K+ ⊕ opad) || H [(K+ ⊕ ipad) || M] = So ||
H(Si || M)
Step – 7: Apply
Message-digest algorithm
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09:15, 18/10/2022 Chirag's Blog: HMAC | MAC based on Hash Function | HMAC Structure | HMAC Impelmentation | HMAC Pros & Cons
The
selected message-digest algorithm (e.g., MD5, SHA-I, etc.) is applied to the
output of step 6 (i.e. to
the concatenation of So and H). Finally,
we got MAC.
Equation,
HMAC (K, M) = H [(K+ ⊕ opad) || H [(K+ ⊕ ipad) || M]]
Pros & Cons of HMAC
Pros:
HMAC is
faster to compute and verify digital signatures because they use hash functions
rather than
public key.
HMACs can
be used in some cases where the use of public key cryptography is prohibited.
HMACs are
much smaller than digital signatures.
Cons:
Key
exchange is main issue, so can’t prevent against replay of message attack.
HMAC
cannot be used if the number of receivers is greater than one.
If multiple parties share the same symmetric key.
How does a receiver know that the message was
prepared and sent by the sender?
To learn more about MAC based on Hash Function (HMAC), Click here
MAC Based on Hash Function | HMAC in network…
network…
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Chirag Bhalodia
Chirag
on
November 02, 2021
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