31 Mart 2021 Çarşamba

Farma çıkmış

Konu

1. A 20-month-old-girl dies from an accidental overdose of paracetamol. Which of

the following is the most likely cause of her death?

- Liver failure
2. Please indicate the neurotransmitter whose cell bodies are located in the
substantial nigra and ventral segmental area and neuronal p… accumbent
respectively

- Dopamine
3. A 53-year old man just started on therapy for hypertension and developed a
persist….

- Ramipril
4. …. -induced thrombocytopenia is the most important and most frequent drug-
induced type of thrombocytopenia?

- Heparin
5. Please indicate the phase during which health volunteers have been tested with
the….

- Phase 1
6. All the statements about alcohol is true, except,

- Alcohols are recommended for sterilizing medical and surgical materials

7. A patient of yours is experiencing anaphylaxis associated with bronchospasm
and hypertension in dentistry clinic. Which of the following is the drug of choise?

- Epinephrine
8. Which of the following antianginal drugs is used for prompt relief of an acute
angina attack?

- Nitroglycerin sublingual tablet

9. All of the following drugs are used for the treatment of hepatitis B virus infection,
except:

- Acyclovir

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10. All of the following are systemic antifungal drugs for systemic infections, except:

- Nystatin
11. All the statements about cardiac glycosides are correct, except:

- Digoxin has a wide margin of safety

12. Which of the following is major use for serotonin agonists?

- Migraine headache
13. In ght or ight reaction if the subject prefers to escape( ight), which of the
following receptors is involved in providing blood to skeletal muscle?

- Beta 2
14. Which B-adrenergic blocker also competitively block a-adrenergic receptors?

- Labetalol
15. All of the following statement about iron de ciency anemia and its treatment
are ..

- İron therapy can be given only by the oral route

16. …. is the drug of choice in hypertensive pregnant patients.

- A-methyldopa
17. All of the following drugs are used for mycobacterium tuberculosis the
treatment, except:

- Ceftriaxone
18. Which of the following antihyperlipidemic agents is the most e ective agent to
increase HDL levels and the only available agent to decrease Lp(a)?

- Niacin
19. Which of the following is a classIII anti arrhythmic drug?

- Amiodarone
20. Which of the following uoroquinolones is contraindicated in hepatic failure?

- Noxi oxacin
21. All of the following statements about the treatment of angina pectoris are true,
excepts:

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- For prompt relief of an angina attack precipitated by exercise or emotional
stress, oral isosorbide mononitrate is the drug od choice

22. All of the following drugs are used for the treatment of congestive heart failure,
except:

- centrally acting adrenergic drugs

23. Which of the following antherlipidemic drugs acts by inhibiting HMG coenzyme
A (HMG coA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?

- Sinvastatin
24. Please indicate the most likely adverse e ect of insulin therapy in patients.

- Hypoglcemia
25. Please choose the correct answer from the following on the mechanism of
action of organophosphorus insecticides and nerve gases:

- They irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase

26. Tolerance development is least likely to which of the following opioid e….

- Miosis
27. Which of the following mechanisms is essential involved in NAPQI-induced
hepatotoxicity in the case of “paracetamol overdose”?

- Glutathione depletion
28. Abrupt withdrawal of verapamil may cause angina, myocardial infarction, and
even sudden death in patients with ischemic heart disease.

29. Which of the following is de ned as “application of an agent to living tissue for
purpose of preventing infection

- Antisepsis
30. If patient who has type 1 diabetes has severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis
which of the following agents would you administer t…?

- NPH insulin
31. The virtual plasma volume that has been cleared from a particular substance per
unit time is called clearance

32. Which of the following NSAI drugs is unique because it inhibits COX enzymes
irreversibly?

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- Aspirin
33. Parkinsonism all

34. Which of the following drugs is used for the treatment of megaloblastic
microcytic anemias?

- Vitamin B12
35. Which of the following agents should be avoided in children with a viral
infection?

- Aspirin
36. A woman who is at high risk of postmenopausal osteroporosis is started on
alendronate (a bisphosphonate). Indicate the main mechanism of action of this
drug.

- Reduces the number and activity of osteoclasts in bone

37. All of the following are antiarrhythmic drug groups, except:

- A-adrenoreceptor blockers
38. All of the following drugs are used for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection
except:

- Oseltamivir
39. Which of the following drugs is an oral used direct thrombin inhibitor that is used
for prevention of stroke

- Dabigatran etexilate
40. Yürülükten kaldırılan dezenfektan benzalkolin

41. Herpes enfeskiyonlarında acyclovir

42. Sjögren syndrome pilocarpine

43. Antimuscarinic değil hipertansiyon

44. Glaucoma pilocarpine

45. Paracetamol- liver failure

46. Short acting insulin asporti

47. Chlorhexidine ile ilgili hangisi yanlış lekeler diş macunu ile geçer

48. Opioidlerin en sık ölümle sonuçlanan yan etkisi respiratory depression

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49. Multidrug resistant tuberkulozun tedavi süresi 2 years

50. Drug used in dentistry clinics as an intraoperative antisialagague with low CNS
generation? Glycopyrolate

51. Pilotlu soru atrophine

52. Digoxin ile ilgili hangisi yanlış inhibits vagal tone

53. Blurred vision, cinchonism quinidine

54. Inhibit Na K 2Cl furosemide

55. Loop diuretics adverse e ects değil hypercalcemia

56. Angiotensin II hangisini yapmaz increase bradykinin level

57. Nitric oxide meknaizması myosin light

58. B-adrenergic blockers hangisini yapmaz tachycardia

59. Direct thrombin inhibitors oral alınan dabigatren etexilate

60. P2y12 yı inhibe eden clopidogrel

61. Statinin inhibe etiği enzim HMG CoA reductase

62. Statin hangisi yanlış LDL yi azaltır (doğrusu stabile eder, arttırır)

63. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor sargramostim

64. Conversion of Homocyteine methymalonic acid vit? B12

65. First generation antipsychotics high potency haloperidol

66. Levels of lithium requires hospitalization >2

67. Complies with rationalpharmacotherapy guideline-directed medical use of

medicines

68. Lanosterol 14 a demethylation azole

69. Which of the following tissues is innervated by sympathetic nervous system and
paradoxically the neurotransmitter at the neuroe ector junction is acelyicholine?
Sweat glands

70. Sympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system that is
important which of the following ? Fight or ight

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71. Please indicate the drug that is used in treatment of chronic wide-angle
glaucoma by antagonizing B receptors and inhibiting aqueous secretion from
the ciliary epithelium pilocarpine

72. H2 receptor antagonists are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion

73. You administer a pharmacological dose of epinephrine to a person and observe

a direct increase in cardiac rate, contractility and electrical impulse conduction
rates. Indicate the receptor responsible for these b1(beta1)

74. A patient of yours is experiencing anaphylaxis associated with bronchospasm

and hypotension. Which of the following is the drug of choice? Epinephrine

75. Please choose the correct answer from the following on the mechanism of
action organophosphorus insecticides and nerve gases they irreversibly inhibit
acetylcholinesterase

76. A 30-year old man becomes poised after receiving an injection of illicitly
prepared botulinum toxin. Which of the following is the main neurochemical
mechanism by which this toxin causes its e ect? Inhibits ACh release from all
cholinergic nerves

77. The interaction between histamine and epinephrine on blood pressure is an

example of which of the following? Physiological antagonism

78. Please indicate the correct statement about parasympatholytics among the
following Due to the more pronounced central e ects scopolamine is an
e ective drug for motion sickness

79. Please indicate the drug that is used in cold medication as decongestant with
a1 and a2 stimulant e ects oxymetazoline

80. Antihistamines diphenhydramine and promethazine have valuable e ects in

dentistry clinic. Please choose that from following. Sedative e ect

81. What type of interaction occurs between penicillin and probenecid? Penicillin
urinary excretion will be retarded

82. Please indicate the one that is not among the action mechanism of beta
receptor blockers? Inhibiting renin release from kidney …..

83. Which of the following is not among therapeutic uses of acetylcholinesterase

inhibitors? Hypertension

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84. Please choose the incorrect about parasympathomimetic from following? Non-
innervated muscarine receptors in blood vessels inhibit NO production
from vascular endothelium

85. Acetylcholine is speci c neurotransmitters as all parasympathetic synapsis,

sympathetic preganlionic synapsis, neuromuscular junction (a,b and c)

86. TK is aa 58 year-old man with type 2 DM and hypertension. He is currently

treated with HCTZ 25 mg and enalapril 10mg for hypertension. The enalapril was
added about 2 months ago, and he is now complaining of tickly cough. Which of
the following would he most appropriate recommendation? Change the
enalapril to irbesarian.

87. A 35-year-old male with markedly elevated plasma triglyceride and LDL levels,
and low plasma HDL levels is treated with gem brozil. What is the mechanism of
action of gem brozil? Increased lipoprotein lipase activity

88. A 60-year-old male patient with coronary artery disease. Taking amplodipine
10mg once a day for two weeks. What is the main adverse e ect that you
should warn him? Leg edema

89. Which of the following is an advantage of losartan over enalapril? Less

incidence of angioedema

90. A 72-year-old woman with mild heart failure şs treated with thiazide diuretic. A
few days later, the woman complains of muscle weakness, and laboratory tests
demonstrate hypokalemia. Which of the following is most likely increased in
woman? Potassium retention

91. Which of the following drugs antagonizes both the vascular and cardiac actions
of norepinephrine? Propranolol

92. Which of the followings is not true for the treatment of hyperlipidemia;?
Ezetimibe acts within the intestine to reduce cholesterol biosynthesis

93. 52-year-old male presents to his physician with a chief complaint of substantial
increase in size of breasts over the past few months (gynecomastia). Three
months ago he was diagnosed with hypertension, and placed on
antihypertensive medication. Which of the following medications was most likely
prescribed? Spironolactone

94. A 44-year old obese male has signi cantly high level of plasma triglycerides.
Following treatment with one of the following agents, his plasma triglyceride
levels decrease to almost normal. Which agent did he receive? Lovastatin

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95. Which is not true? Secondary hypertension is much more common in adults
than in children

96. VB is a 56yo woman (uzun olan) Institute lifestyle changes plus valsarlan

97. A 43-year-old, insulin-dependent diabetic patient is diagnosed with

hypertension and begins therapy with antihyperlensive agent. Three days later,
he measures his blood glucose at home and nds that it is 53 mg/dL. He
recalibrates his glucose testing apparatus and repeated the test, only to nd that
the rst reading was accurate. He is concerned that his hypoglycemia did not
produce the normal premonitory signs and symptoms. Which of the following
medications was most likely prescribed to treat his hypertension? Captopril

98. A 38-years-old pregnant woman with a past medical history signi cant for
chronic hypertension presents with a blood pressure of 158/105 mm Hg. Which
of the following antihypertensive agents would be most suitable for initial
therapy in this patient? Methldopa

99. Which of the following drug can cause insuline resistance? Niacin

100.All of the followings are true for in uenza except: as the signs and symptoms
usually resolve within 1 week of presentation, antiviral drugs are most
e ective if started after 1 week of onset illness

101.All of the statins undergo rst pass metabolism from the liver except
pravastatine

102.Which of the following is not a type of antimicrobial therapy?

103.Which of the following drugs is classi ed in fourth generation cephalosporins?

Cefepime

104.Which of the following antibacterial drug is di erent from others in relation to

mechanism of action? Vancomycin

105.Which of the following macrocodes has the logenst half-life? Azithromycin

106.Please choose the administration route that is the most convenient, the most
frequently used, simple, and economic. Oral route

107.Which of the following dental interventions do not require infective endocarditis

prophylaxis? Placement of orthodontic brackets

108.Oral vancomycin is limited to treatment for potentially life-threatening,

antibiotic-associated colitis due to C. Di cile.

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109.All of the following drugs are in beta-lactam antibiotics group except:
doxycycline

110.After drug dosing, if the elimination rate is equal to the absorption rate, it means
that plasma drug concentration has reached to the steady-state level

111.Which of the following drug is associated with pseudomembranous caused by

C.di cile? Clindamycin

112.Which of the following laboratory test should be monitored while using

warfarin? International Normalized Ratio

113.All of the following statements about acute iron toxicity is true, except?
Activated charcoal is very e ective treatment

114.Which of the following antiviral drugs are used against in uenza A and B
infections? Oseltamivir

115.All of the following drugs are used for mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment,
except? Penicillin V

116.Please indicate the drug that is contraindicated in the treatment of chronic

wide-angle glaucoma?Atropine (Indicated olan: Pilocarpine)

117.All of the statements about digoxin are correct, except? Digoxin has a wide
margin of safety

118.All of the statement about alcohol is true except ? The optimum bacterial
concentration is 99.9% by volume in water

119.Which of the following drug groups are used in the therapy of congestive heart
failure for long term management (survival improvement)?ACE inhibitor

120..... de ciency is associated with neural tube defects (spina bi da,

anencephaly)? Folic acid

121.Which of the following drug may cause angina, myocardial infarction and even
sudden death in patients with ischemic heart disease if the drug stopped
abruptly?Metoprolol

122.For your dental patient who needed sedation, you decided to administer
promethazine, a rst generation H1 blocker. When the procedure was
completed, after standing up from the dental chair your patient’s blood pressure
dropped a lot. What is the explanation of this phenomenon? H1 blockers anti-a
adrenergic e ects

123.Which of the following is a class IV antiarrhythmic drug? Diltiazem

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124.Please indicate the incorrect answer from the following on side e ect and
adverse e ects of drugs?Side e ects always hinder the main e ects of
drugs

125.B adrenergic blockers are recommended as initial antianginal therapy in all

patients unless contraindicated . Which of the following angina type is the
exception in which B blockers are ine ective?

Vasospastic angina

126.Which of the following is de ned as chemical or physical treatment that

destroys most vegetative microbes or viruses, but not spores, in or on inanimate
surface?

Disinfection

127.Histamine H2 receptor blockers have various side e ects. Which of the

following is not one of them?

CYP enzyme stimulator

128.Which of the following is the drug of choice for emergency lowering of

intraocular pressure of both open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma?

Pilocarpine

129.All of the following are antianginal drug groups, except? Angiotensin II

receptor antagonist

130.Which of the following drug is an antiplatelet agent? Aspirin

131.A 40-year-old teacher that should be alert all day long complains of seasonal
allergies. Which of the following recommended for her/him?

Loratadine

132.A patient with asthma was given a nonselective beta-agonist to relieve

bronchoconstriction...? Worsening of bronchoconstriction

133.Please indicate the incorrect answer for dopamine from the followings? It has
no e ect on alpha receptors even at high doses

134.Which of the following drug is most likely to cause postural hypotension, re ex

tachycardia and rst dose syncope?

Doxazosin

135.Acetylcholine is the speci c neurotransmitter at which of the following? All (all

parasympathetic postganglionic neurons, neuromuscular junction, all
autonomic ganglia)

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136.In which phase of drug development 100-200 patients have been tested and
information whether it is working is acquired?

Phase 2

137.Which of the following adrenergic agonist is most likely to cause CNS side
e ect when administered systemically?

Amphetamine

138.Please indicate the physiological change that will happen in a person who sees
a bear during his/her walk in a forest?

Increased heart rate

139.Which of the following is not a type of antimicrobial therapy? Prophylactic

therapy

140.Please indicate the organ that will have the least distribution of drugs as long as
the normalized blood ow is considered.

Skeletal muscle

141.Which of the following antimicrobial drug is di erent from others in relation to

mechanism of action?

Vancomycin

142.After drug dosing, if the elimination rate is equal to the absorption rate, it
means...

Plasma drug concentration has reached to the steady-state level

143.Which of the following macrolides has the longest half-life? Azithromycin

144.Please choose the administration route that is the most convenient, the most
frequently used, simple, and economic;

Oral route

145.Which of the following dental interventions do not require infective endocarditis

prophylaxis?

Placement of orthodontic brackets

146.Oral... is limited to treatment for potentially life-threatening, antibiotic-

associated colitis due to C. di cile.

Amoxicillin

147.All of the following drugs are in beta-lactam antibiotics groups, except;

Doxycycline

148.Morphine interacts with the following subtype of opioid receptors the most?μ
(mu)

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149.Sympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system that
is important in which of the following?Fight or ight

150.Please indicate the correct statement about parasympatholytic (atropine-like

drugs) among the followings?Due to more pronounced central e ects scopolamine
is an e ec ve drug for mo on sickness

151.What’s the type of antimicrobial chemotherapy if symptoms are available and

pathogens are isolated?De ni ve

152.Which of the following classi ed under extended spectrum penicillin?Amoxicillin

153.Which of the following is not a mechanism for resistance development?

Increased permeability

154.Deposition in bone and teeth as brown-gray discoloration is speci c for the

antibiotic? Tetracycline

155.EC50 values of drugs A,B and C are as following: Drug A:2 mg/ml, Drug B:5
mg/ml, Drug C: 10 mg/ml. Which is the least potent drug?C

156.In the above dose response curve, which is the correct statement for evaluation
of e cacy? Drug X and drug Z have the same e cacy

157.The strength of the interaction (binding) between a ligand and its receptor is
de ned as A nity

158.Which of the below antimalarial agents prevents of polymerization of toxic

heme to nontoxic hemozoin, thus causes lysis of both the parasite and the
erythrocyte?Chloroquine

159.Which of the below oral ndings indicates the grade 4 adverse event in a
patient who has received cancer chemotherapy?Signi cant spontaneous bleeding
life threatening consequences

160.Which of the following is not a side e ect of glucocorticoids?Hypoglycemia

161.Which of the following outcomes may be expected during NSAI drug use?
Increased blood pressure

162.Which of the following molecules binds to and is used for the storage of iron in
the enterocyte?Ferri n

163.Which of the below agent is a typical neuroleptic?Chlorpromazine

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164.You are getting a pharmacological response of a drug much higher than
expected in a patient that uses only this particular drug. If the drug is
metabolized by CYP system what can be a reasonable explanation for this?The
pa ent has consumed 1L of grapefruit juice

165.Process by which the amount of active drug in the body is reduced after
administration but before entering the systemic circulation is called…?First pass
e ect

166.Please indicate the correct one for scope of pharmacology Drugs

167.The events that occur in the body such as absorption, distribution,

biotransformation and elimination when a drug is administered are de ned as..?
Pharmacokine cs

168.Which of the below antipsychotic agents has a high D2/5-HT2A a nity ratio
and induce a higher incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs)?
Chlorpromazine

169.Which of the below EPSs has the earliest onset and observed within hours to
days? Dystonia

170.Which of the below levels (mEq/L) of lithium requires hospitalization?>2

171.In which of the below pregnancy categories is lithium classi ed?D

172.Which of the below preanesthetic medication is a highly selective a2 adrenergic

receptor used for short term sedation of critically ill adults?Dexmedetomidine

173.Which of the below complies with rational pharmacotherapy?Guidelines directed

use of medicines

174.Which of the following pharmacokinetic values most reliably re ects the total
amount of drug reaching the target tissue after oral administration?Area under
the blood concentra on me curve (AUC)

175.If drug A and drug B interact in such a way that their combined e ect is the
mathematical sum of their individual e ects, this phenomenon is called…?
Addi ve e ect

176.If a drug produces developmental e ects in the somatic tissues of a fetus,

these e ects are...?Teratogenic toxic e ects

177.Please indicate the amino acid neurotransmitter of the CNS with inhibitory
action in the spinal cord?Glycine

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178.Which of the following drugs causing the respiratory depression can be
reversed with umazenil?Midazolam

179.This substance is useful for inhibiting osteoclastic activity by acting as a trap for
the RANK ligand and avoids the interaction of RANK with the RANK ligand it
synthesis decrease after menopause as well. Please choose the drug from the
following?Denosumab

180.Which of the following is an example of appropriate antibiotic use?

Administra on to avoids claims of negligence

181.What’s the type of antimicrobial chemotherapy if symptoms are available and

pathogens are isolated?Empiric

182.Combination chemotherapy with antibiotics is not used?To prevent antagonis c

interac ons

183.According to AHA guideline, which of the below agent is not an alternative for
antibiotic prophylaxis before a dental procedure in a patient allergic to penicillin
but without any history of anaphylaxis angioedema?Streptomycin

184.The drug that is rst choice for absence of seizures is….?Ethosuximide

185.Which of the following diuretic agents is prescribed in the long-term treatment

of essential hypertension?Hydrochlorothiazide

186.All of the followings are side e ects of thiazide diuretics except?Ototoxicity

187.Which of the following is correct for nifedipine?Signi cant vasodilator e ect on

peripheral arterioles and coronary artery

188.All of the followings are correct for the adverse e ects of quinolones antibiotics
except?Not recommended for pa ents under 18

189.Please indicate the anticonvulsive drug that causes gingival hyperplasia among
the followingCarbamazepine

190.Please indicate the amino acid neurotransmitter of the CNS with inhibitory
action?GABA

191.Please indicate the one that is among the clinical uses of alpha receptor
blockers involving tumor of the adrenal medulla?Pheochromocytoma

192.

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193.Which of the following drugs is associated with pseudomembranous colitis
caused by C. di cle?

Clindamycin

194.Which of the following drugs can be used safely for a patient who is allergic to
Penicillin G?

Amoxicillin

195.TD50/ED50 is equal to... Therapeutic index

196.Which of the following cephalosporin has the longest half life? Ceftriaxone

197....and CYP2C9. Please choose a reasonable explanation fort his phenomenon

from the following.

The patient is using phenobarbital

198.Please indicate the organ that will have the least distribution of drugs as long as
the normalized blood ow is considered.

Skeletal muscle

199.The mechanism of action of Telithromycin as an antibiotic is that it: Binds to

the 50S ribosome subunit.

200.Which of the following biotransformation reactions is not a phase 2 reactions?

Acetylation

201.Pharmacology stands for... Drug biotransformation

202.Which of the following drugs is recommended as infective endocarditis

prophylaxis for high risk dental procedures in high risk patients if there is an
allergy to penicillin?

Clindamycin

203.All of the following statement regarding the basic principles of antibiotic therapy
are true; except:

Combination Therapy (CT) must be the rst choice

204.Please choose the administration route that is used for administering the
antidote to patients who are poisened by a chemical.

v route

205.The process by which the active drug is absorbed by the body after the drug-
conjugate has been hydrolyzed by intestinal bacteria is called... Enterohepatic
cycling

206.Quantal dose-response curves are used for... To determine the

pharmacodynamics of a drug

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207.Which of the following is not a type of antimicrobial therapy? Palliative therapy

208.Acetylcholine is the speci c neurotransmitter at which of the following? All

parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.

209.In which phase of drug development 100-200 patients have been tested and
information whether it is working is acquired?

Phase 2

210.All of the following are antianginal drug groups, except: Angiotensin 2

receptor antagonists

211.Histamine lowers blood pressure, epinephrine, however, increases blood

pressure. This interaction between histamine and epinephrine on blood pressure
e ect is an example of which type of interaction?

Physiological antagonism

212.Histamine H2 receptor blockers have various side e ects. Which of the

following is not one of them?

CYP enzyme stimulation

213.Which of the following is a class 4 antiarrhythmic drug? Diltiazem

214.Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause postural hypotension, re ex

tachycardia?

Doxazosin

215.40 year old teacher..alert..seasonal allergies. Which of the following

recommended?

Loratadine

216.Beta adrenergic blockers are recommended as initial antianginal therapy in all

patients unless contraindicated. Which of the following angına type is the
exception in which beta blockers are ine ective?

Vasospastic angına

217.Which of the following antiviral drugs are used against in uenza A and B
infections? Oseltamivir

218.Which of the following drugs would you choose as an antisialagogue with fewer
central e ects and....produce tachycardia during dental procedures?
Glycopyrrolate

219.All the statements about digoxin are correct, except; Digoxin has a wide
margin of safety

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220.Which of the following drugs are used for the treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus
(HSV) infection?

Acyclovir

221.Please indicate the drug that is used in cold medication as a decongestant wit
alfa1 and alfa2 stimulant e ects.

Oxymetazoline

222....chemical or physical treatment that destroys ...vegetative microbes or viruses,

but not spores, in or on inanimate surfaces?

Disinfection

223.All of the following are systemic antifungal drugs for systemic infections,
except? Nystatin

224....may cause angına, myocardial infarction, and even sudden death in patients
with ischemic heart disease if the drug stopped abruptly?

Verapamil

225....acts by inhibiting HMG coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase, the rate-limiting

step in cholesterol synthesis?

Atorvastatin

226.Which of the following drugs is an antiplatelet agent? Aspirin

227.Which of the following laboratory test should be monitored while using

warfarin? International Normalized Ratio (INR)

228....emergency lowering of intraocular pressure of both open-angle and angle-

closure glaucoma?

Pilocarpine

229.Indicate the drug used in Sjögren’s syndrome. Muscarine

230.Which of the following drugs is the most e ective agent to increase HDL levels?
Niacin

231.A 20 month old girl dies from an accidental overdose of paracetamol. Which of
the following is the most likely cause of her death?

Liver failure

232.All of the following drugs are used for Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatment,
except;

Penicillin ve

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233.Histamine H2 receptor blockers have various side e ects. Which of the
following is not one of them?

CYP enzyme stimulation

234.Please indicate the incorrect answer from the following on side e ects and
adverse e ects of drugs.

Side e ects always hinder the main e ects of drugs.

235.H2 receptor antagonists are potent inhibitors of which of the following? Gastric
acid and secretions

236....de ciency is associated with neural tube defects (spina bi da, anencephaly).
Fill in the blanks...

Folic acid

237.For your dental patient who needed sedation, you decided to administer
promethazine, a rst-generation H1 blocker. When the procedure was
completed, after standing up from the dental chair your patient’s blood pressure
dropped a lot. What is the explanation of this phenomenon? H1 blockers anti-
alfa-adrenergic e ects

238.Which of the following drugs groups are used in the therapy of congestive heart
failure for long term management (survival improvement)?

ACE inhibitors

239.A 28 year old pregnant woman just started on therapy for hypertension. Which
of the following antihypertensive drugs is the safest choice to be used for this
pregnant patient?

Alfa-Methyldopa

240.All the statements about alcohol is true except; The optimum bactericidal
concentration is 99.9% by volume in water

241.Please indicate the drug that is contraindicated in the treatment of chronic wide
angle glaucoma.

Pilocarpine

242.All of the following statements about acute iron toxicity is true, except;
Activated charcoal is very e ective treatment

243.Antihistamines diphenhydramine and promethazine have valuable e ects in

dentistry clinics. Please choose that from the following.

Sedative e ects

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244.Please indicate the correct one for epinephrine reversal (all drugs are given iv)
when phentolamine is present epinephrine’s vasodilatory e ect may be
observed

245.How do we classify analgesics? Opioid, non-opioid, combined. Analgesics

246. How do we classify peripherally acting (non-opioid) analgesics?

• Paracetamol
• Acetyl salicylic acid
• Dipiron
• NSAID
Almost all of them have antienflamatory and antipyretic effects at various levels.
Paracetamol has less antienflamatory and antitrombocytic efect compares to NSAID, so it’s
evaluated apart from NSAID classification

247. What are the properties of paracetamol ?

A: In peripheral tissues their effect on Cyclooxygenase is a few so the

antiinflamatory effect is poor.
•
• Used to prevent mild and moderate pain
• Do not effect trombocyte function or increase bleeding time.
• First chosen peripherally acting analgesic who have gastrointestinal disorders.
• Oral dose: 325-500 mg tab, s:4x1
Brand name: Minoset, Parol, Calpol
1. What are the mechanismsof action of NSAID’s?
A: The analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflamatory effects of NSAID’s arise from their
inhibition mechanism over prostoglandins.
Prostoglandin is the most significant hyperalgesia and inflamatory mediator.
Prostogalandins are present almost every tissue in body and their production is
carried out cyclooxigenase enzyme.
NSAID inhibits cyclooxigenase enzyme (COX) and prevents this synthesis.

2. What’s flare up? Which factors increase the possibility of Flare-up?

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Flare-up is the case we experience during root canal treatment which includes pain,
swelling or both.
Preoperative pain and preoeparative percussion sensitivity are the most significant
factors which causes flare-up.
In cases where pulp is nonvital or teeth have periapical lesion its most probably to
observe flare-up during treatment.

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