= 7] ATI xs 0 cal Il ————_— > ae Ne = rere: a, a hs: Mi = a = inal ho=1lea1Reriin Ys an aspoutyl proto enyyme thet Speckps pectpeally rtalyses He lydiely Ne aolease o Hu decapeptiole AN &L gum avel okersinoaon Pee tenia Syrthasizgch 2 4 PApromoleule that Ts procred be proveriin , WWe Dias poorly ubafeat action awd Pon to achive Hsevin ; & gly mpmtera Consisting | S40 amine atdy - Rertn in te creation originates fn the beithnaye Enyymss With entn~ lke activity a presedt im everal exkiarvonal Hssues, Prcluding boo vessels, Utous, Saltrory glands aud odronal cortex, but ne physiologic woke der Pere ewpyme bas bern established » Wittan Hae kfdney , renin % Synthestyed ool Shout Pa the Jurtagomeules apporatus and @ tt Nephron, Spataliy qanuler cls called juatagomoutar ells ax He si q syntetsy emgp oad relat % media TheTrduding tue gurtaglomarules cetly , de Tnenvated by noradrenergic Pia BrosyntHEsis of ANGIOTENSIN The atone Jer He poration and wukabolism 4 andiokension a is Sumacrsrad » We princpal steps ‘clude engymaic Cleavage 4 augic tensin Canal) Hom angickensineges by vedin, tonversion © ANG L ava o by Converting enrgyme aud degpeclalion of AN fh by Sevook poplidan Asp- Axg7 Val — Ty -We~ His — Pro- phe ~ His- lam Argie tensfnogen vol -\le — tris Asn- 2 Proverin Aspofage vol —Typ- Ue Angiokersiv ' ERS Asp-Axg Vel Ty th pro zt fea wvCONTROL OF RENIN RELEASE Te rake ck whith) wentn ts cules by king is the Prey Aberin of activi ef renin - angrtennion Systen - Ackie verin is releases by extyfosis Iwimaiatcly Upor SKimulation of the Jurtaplewwula appwakeo + Pro renin \s Telorsed constetutvely, usually aka walt i glo thon thot ative vewn, tus ateounting for te pack trol provern en comslituts Lo -A0'7. ef Ate botal venin ct veutetion. The Sigrficna oY Cruiating prorern.is ois Active Yenin TWleae %s Controlled by averely of fertos ,Tnoluding a Penal Vascular recepko., tle matula densa, the Brpttob'c WeAvous System and ANAT] A.Maada Densa Rerkn release Fs controlled Ya part by tre macuber aevsa, & Strube that roa Clase anatomic assockition pith Be Append caked. the Wikia step TnvoWes the dokertion o Sewe Punction wf Natl conantetio in, or doe fs 5 te diated twovtey Pee Pye Nay YY “cotnewspaoiter, arncua danse the Sig nal Changes Tr vonin reloare by the julaglenorulas Cll Suth thet those igan Invere Telaboulijp belwen Nach deliver, @ tondrtration a devin Ces » Prestagiadin E, (PGE) and nitric ond Which Stimulate resin wroleoy, end CASE ED eA \wibites %t-B. Renal Bonovewpter The Yenal bercwcepte, mediates an invese aetationslip bebwern vena oxkew prest® ant verin crolense. The Iredhavion is net compltely ualostoed bur Teappaen tak quraglommular ells are consilivie to stratth ond thet Tncrmsed stretch vesubts tn clevroed renin cvoleare «The Ancroecse vaesy vregulk Byom Tnptux 4 Col&um wWhech , Somenlel Paradoricaldy , aulgbits genin velever The pamaotue pPackors PmE,, Nivvic ovde ard adenosine have abo ban Taplcrted Fy tee Lastedecepton Cont=rol gy ven ~scloone < eitholic Nervous t Norepinaprine releercd hom renal Synpatbatie hewes Emulates renin voleoue Rrdbrently by d- adronergic acl vedion eh the sronal bare retapter and macube cleusa mechanram, oud Aiwertty by an action on the durtaglomoulea cetls «In Juuwans, ge dduck Cpe is madinked by By adenvueptors - “tloough thi, mechanism, Sepix activation ¢ Sympattate nerlorrs System by Jgjpeborsion © buyporeleriin lads te Activation Bf ‘tha Vern 4 j-an gickonsin System. Dp. Angiotensin Agri] Webaks verkn vole. The Tubibition ~e5ulks hom Fuze) Lioad prose a0king by way Qf the vronel baroretpta, aud maa Atusa meddanism, ad trom a divert action of the portt Be que juxteglomouas Os. The Atrect Tbhibi len js mediated by yrveagh Tw kencebaay CR concnbiralion aud fos the bud ae ahok —lep neg ative -doodtncle wechewse — Coukrollt sw roleant - i.E Tnkrocllutarn Signaling Pathanys Te relieve gp a ee eee cals 13. Contoaled ai Mberplay awrons 3 Ywiercllule, vexsenigers * cAMP, Gplc Quancsing reno pias p bate tnd oe ytesdic Cal cAue plays a jor vole; mencuves thal Fnewve cAMP lorels, Tnclud? ng vation eb adenylyl @yuve ) RaiBon ey CAHP phissproal esters, dnd adwévishration CHAP analags » Tncwovr venin Yolen » a urd COMP sppecr te alter venin weloae Rediwertly, poimaat ly by hanging cAMP Levels. Ne be Rerin Reloase F. Plowamac . Aten ~The rolex of qedn §s alteud bya wide varieky f Ploanercelaste agai Ron crelene ts Strmaleted by Vasodilkes, — adrenoceptor agonists, of - aden weipter galpgonid Plosphodiesteruse Fdsbitos and mast diwetes and anesthe, Reberre 1S SRrnlated by adevomedullin, bradykenih, and caldtienin qu velabad poplde, and Snbateited by atvial yokriuaebie poptcle , endolttelfn, Sudstance P ad Vasteprexin, ANGIOTENSINO GEN Angietensinagen ts the cPreulaking protdin Substrate yd vvrerin Cleans ANGT- Tris Syrkbesined creel amg tensinogen Rw Mee cOruulation 3s ers Ponte the ~rovin — angtotensinogon eackion Oud Ts 1. “0The uckion 4 arg otewiogen ts Inomyd by CBtastacids, hoger, Hypsid homer, and Anil LE 1 O20 chvaked duu, preqwncy and In Nowon tabi esbiran — Contatining oral Coulrroxcoptvios + The Twas |Plasma augiotensinoae, toroutrakion is tought te jCont riba tb te Aypatensin thak wey our fur these Sttuye Kon, i Proven] —y Ba The vreviu—augiotersii ayatem Tuveldry (pre) texto Yeeaphen awd ANUANGuotENsIN | Altfeygh ANint conkatns tte peptide saquencs $A alle the akon ef renin - angiotensin System, $e dias [ettte © no bielgical ackuity - Tuhend, TE must be tonyerbal te ANG I by Converting enyyme - Ano. Time also artal enby pletma or Ussus amino - Peplidases dts dem angiotensin |, this im buku ‘ie converte) + angioKeusin by Convering engyme + ANqioTENSINA SE Arcjotonsin J, which Was a plas hal - bie 4 Is-bo Setords 7s remoial rapidly drow create. by AVaxery ef peplilases Calectively vrepernsd te as augioteusinase . Tk 's wolwbottzed Auding prenge Hureugn mest vascular becks . Mest motebatites Sf ANGI 22 Biolog! ally » jnackve bub the iwiHally product of carnimo pep Haase action angiotensin We cxctims tonsidoable biclegical activity, aActions hase es era W exerts Srmportout aiion at Vasuulers mpeth wack , adrenal coker, Kidinay, heart, cnet bein eae retephow i" thowgh tierce ackons, tee rerin — Amato Lens System pl a major vole The regulation PE cd aud eladbalybe Jedauce ont anteral blood presind Enter ve adtiky ¢ Hu tertn — axgiokensin System con fresudk Sn Yyyper beveion auch Usodou ae pd ond kubralyte lomenstaxs . BLOOD PRESSURE Angie revsin Wh is aviey potent pron agpak — ona Imola bags, aprons reakely Ap Lins mow potent than hoveRneeplaiue + the OX Tesporibe +> fnkavenoud ANGI fs etagich Iw onsek” avd Bustetvad using Long — terme infusion. A 4, vewscwlas —epetally oo addition, -nowener, ANe tL ough acxtons on the brain prosor “eH ete Anita aually vied by little o torn alo Suuronse. blood presse and autonomic newoUus System ,Antonin 1 abo iabuwcts Witte audonemie renee? Fem. Tt stmulates autonemte iganfiny ineunses Th aay siege dud nowpirepluine prom the 1 ad most Smpoitont , Jablttakes YY Prontiitaton by an action of one pewe Fewnirels- Hatter epee Saveloes det ‘Tens eroleant. and spect eaptaks of noepivalotne » Angickenin {t also lee less Mmpertant dineet positive ‘imnetrrep'e aden on tht heal, ADRENAL CoRTEX AND KIDNEY Argictersin \ acts disedly on the zona glemeruless He cdencl tater f otmulab aldasterors. Synthesis ad mreleose. At Sagar Con tentyation, ANGI abe Stimulates glucocorticoid Syptaets. Aygiotensn T acts onthe Kidewy'te crue vrowh vaanconstriclion, Tndleat prrrame) tubular gediura vveslnerption , dnd inbibst the welteu of Yen, CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Gn abivon te it Gntral eqgects en bled preswe Alot acl on the CNS K Stivnulate dinking ada nage oe adssnoursHeetrepie saneCELL GROWTH Angiotensin i \s wilogonie for acho eulNeas 7 ls pod may Contribute t tre cov of Ovdinvesosler Avyporbroply. Tt alte execs a vanieky 9% impotent SWETS on tte vastulon ovtlethehun Undead, ovenckivity Sf Hee vent angiotensin een eanaliaas \mplicuced Ae Pre CL re most Sg weet” Jacko “m he! dovelopraon ef hyperkowive vestules cane twsidele evidine wow Rwdicakes hak Ace Svisbites aud Not Mei Slow e peovent ie elon myotoady oath Fol wa ee wide yee hee. oa Vascular ond taidiec goat fey ANGI \s mide 1s Poulos , probably crotptor ana ronwerptor hyresine Kinases vemred oathe qanus tyrosine kevewe Takr, by in Fromso. plion | Specs e gos DRUGS THAT BLOCK RENIN RELEASE Seve that fukeyos With the Sympatletic DvOWy dale Hue rebeose alas BE is ane Covidine and propre. Cladtne SilSitty els, rselunse by Gustug a Centrally waltatelPRORENIN RECEPTORS Fox man ~ é my gene, Pree e revi s Rerwnily, rpweuer, % me Thar preppentialy Dives provi has ben identigied Since Ve also btw attne vers Ht stephen tos + R ° 03 He Upe)reim Weeptor For exempt , a i Wreaangial crak youriler Sroothe muscle tolls» Pre” Peevales Upp wrwses onc er Peels prep brotic cletales . Thus, obovate proven Devos tould prrduce a Vaxiehy % odvene efects vt bole oungiotension — wd ndepenclonk “ Petenk resent Twdiodkes that He Qerodn reaper Ts puvcion'y Url be Hee Vertuetar proton- ATPae and is netesory sor we Sig rain pathway \nvobel in stem Coll Bioleyy r embryology cove Cut. D gyvateabic peptide reowsd handle aegion opti CHRD, iliche Consists eae actA geponte connsporing fe ten Shade region g the prowersteuld be tmpoitaut tw Caidio Hime ik ole fn human pathileay la far frown Cher, REFERENCE :- abying B:l's “Poste ond U8aSed pharma talegy uk Bin's Basic and tltekor p las, Py no-295 te 300. 2. Creadman and GBlmans “The pasmacclegin) Lasle ef thenpaatios | gyre - Att te 426,