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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views14 pages

    HMT Practicals

    Uploaded by

    Madhur Wagh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 14
    NGINEERING HEAT TRANSFER 1093 Surface temperature, ‘RESULT emissivity of the test plate is EPILOGUE ‘emissivity of the test surface is lower thar mn the black surface and the emissivity of test hirano ae er persia ivity increases with increase in surface temperature. ne a EXPT.9 HEAT EXCHANGER EXPERIMENT onncr: ee APPARATUS ‘exchanger experimental setup, measuring flask, stop watch, and th = esterase nae : eee ‘exchangers. The heat exchangers are classified in three categories: rect contact type, “4 in i luids ‘contact or transfer type heat exchanger is one in which hot and cold f ‘intact, but ‘they are separated by a partition wall, acts as heat ea Tost of the heat exchangers now used are transfer type. One °° hall and tube type heat exchanger. The transfer type heat exchanst'* °° es , allel flow Both fluids flow in same direction. jr flow : Both fluids flow in opposite direction, ; flow ‘Fluids flow at right angle to each other. ENGINEERING HEAT AND MASS TRaNsFen 1084 i heat exchanger is tube in tube or double pipe (concentric tu sind Ate flows inside the centre tube and another fluid flows in ca pace formed between inner and outor tube Instorage type or regenerative heat exchanger, hot and cold fluids pass alternates ‘on the same heat transfer surface for their heat exchange. v 4, EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS: 94.1. Experimental Setup Experimental setup consists of a concentric double pipe heat exchanger as shown in Fig. 16.17. The hot fluid is hot water, obtained from electric geyser and it flows through inner copper tube while cold water flows in annular space formed between inner and outer tuibe The outer tube is provided with adequate insulation to minimise the heat loss to the surround & Mantame 2.HeaLetchanger 3. Thermometer 4. Geyser 5. Stand ig: 16:17. Schematic of parallel ow counter flow heat exchanger The hot water flows . aie water, With the valves areqna®® i8 Specified direction. A valve regulates the flow rate of bot ted at either end of the annular space tytnat PtOPer operation, the cold water can be admit- Fig. 16.18 shows the temperature distlbution mtr cuoo or Tuna flow heat exchanger i experiment is to compare 1, The temperature Re w Parallel flow and counter flow arrangement. fer rate rangem 2, Heat transfer types of het, ‘. ube. nd- ot t Paral flow Sez am ie Ra 1. oes % arene J+ Length ofthe exchanger |, __Lenath ofthe exchanger ——el Te, Fig. 16.18. Temperature distribution 8, Overall heat transfer coefficient. 4, To compare the effectiveness of heat exchanger in both arrangements, (16.30) Q.=MLpe (Tey — Tes) 16.31) fix h for hot fluid and ¢ for cold fluid average heat transfer rate, Q+Q 2 Q- ENGINEERING HEAT AND MASS TRancren 2 Log mean temperature difference (LMTD) af, - 47, a TnfAT,/40,] 16.32) where, AT|=T,)— Ty; For parallel low Ty, Typ For counter flow AT,=T,.— Ty For parallel fow =T,,- 7; For counter flow 3. Overall heat transfer coefficient Q=UAADy (16 34) =U,A AD), (6.338) overall heat transfer coefficient based on inner surface, overall heat transfer coefficient based on outer surface. 4, Effectiveness of heat exchanger Tia = Actual Heat Transfer rate ‘Max. Possible Heat Tranfer rate Nay =0.023Re,°8 Pr? 5. Overall heat transfer coefficient ean also he calculated as (16.34) Bees wedi [a] a Secs isi rere hand, ar hoa transfer counts bse on inner and outer heat transfer surfaces ‘espectively, # = thermal conductivity of tube material (copper) = 380 W/m.K 4 The heat transfer cece b con be clelted by rorvleion Nu, =0.023Re,°* Pr? Nug = Fed Jen = aaa The physical properties of water can be obta tomperataay 7” a ePertiod OF WAlst an be obtained from Table A-7 at mean ot water + 2 Similarly, the heat transfer coefficient h, ean be obtai ined from the relation, Nun 4) = 0.023 Rey 4 8 pros ENGINEERING HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 41098 9.7. CALCULATIONS (A) For parallel flow Qq =1i4Cpn Tai Tho? Q=MLpe Toy - Tei) aT, - AT, Tin * jy (AT AT) amj=T,,- Ty and 47, Overall heat transfer coefficient piesa A@Din Q CAD. = Wim WimeK For effectiveness (AC, = TK Cy nin Tae (B) For counter flow Repeat above calculations as in similar way. 9.8. RESULTS ‘The following table shows computed values [se Ne. a Banter fioo 1 ‘LMTD, °C 'U,, Win. K (practical) U,, Win#.K (empirieal) U,, Wim? K (practical) y,, Wm K (empirical) el ‘The logmean temperature at heat transfer rate and effectiveness of heat exchanger in counter fw a ‘than that in parallel flow arrangement. Therefo™ most of the tubular Oppsaied in counter flow mode. os ENGINEERING HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER, a) ‘The properties of air are taken at (1,+T_y2 from Table A-4. 5.7, RESULT ‘The heat tansfer coefficient in forced convection = ~~~ WimeK. 5.8. GRAPH ‘Thermocouple location v/s heat transfer coeffiecient 2° shown in Fig.16.10. ee x Fig. 16.10. Variation of heat transfer eoeficent in forced convection 5.9, EPILOGUE Heat transfer rate in forced convection is more than natural convection. As flow rate of fluid increases, the value of heat transfer coefficient also increases, Further, due to decrease in fluid density with the temperature rise, the turbulence increases in the flow, which causes a0 jncrease in heat transfer coefficient. EXPT.6 HEAT TRANSFER FROM PIN FIN 6.1. OBJECTIVE To determine temperature distribution, heat transfer and fin efficiency of & pin fin in natural and forced convection. 6.2. PROLOGUE Extended surfaces or fins are used to increase the heat transfer rate from & surface to ‘where it is not possible to increase the value of heat transfer ‘coefficient or the temperaton) Wference between the surface and fluid. The extended surface normally @ thin strip of metal is called a fin. ‘The use of fins is very common and they are fabricated in variety of shapes. Circumfer ential fins are used around a cylinder of engine of the scooter and motorcycle and pin t¥Pe final ens used on condenser tubes ofa refrigerator a uid ental setup consists of a mild st Theater. The input to this hoater can Ment. can ich a met: be varied by anette body 3 dimmer-stat rate of Bes ie @) once ae @) our @) ener Evens Ont Fig. 16.11, Schematic diagram of pin fin apparatos Sdentical cylindrical fins of materials : mild steel, om and alominiom ot body and other en ofthese ins re Poe fins and at the same time, the ine thermocoup! ribution of three fins. the duct Te connected to delivery side of blower for arrangiiy the freed Sa cate through the duct can be measured by using 1084 63.2. Theory Consider a fin connected at its base to a heated wall ENGINEERING HEAT AND MASS Teansren (b) Deas ofp te Rig. 16.12 ‘nd transferring heat to the sur roundings. Other end of fin projecting. inside the ducts considered inoulatek Let, A=cross section area of fin, P «circumference of the fin, L = length of the fin, 1 = temperature ofthe fin at heated end, ‘T_= duct air temperature, ‘Temperature distribution at any location + in the fn takes the form of Ta)—T. _ Coshm(L-2) fare eaaan (16.20) ae co (16.21) fi = heat transfer: ‘between fin surface and surroundings, which can be evaluated from relations, aH at fin ef size eter duct uti fucti 7A TK wverage IN ENGINEERING HEAT TRANSFER 1085 ASS TRA os transfer from a fin with insulated tip fin can be obtained as Q=\APEA (1, -.)tanh mL (16.22) efficiency is given by ag = SOE (16.23) je supply is switched on and it is supplied to heater through dimmer-stat. state condition is waited, as it reaches the observations are made for: ) Voltage from voltmeter, ) Current from ammeter, (@) Temperatures indicated by eleven thermocouples through selector switch. i the procedure for next observation, cease of forced convection, blower is run during the test and manometer deflection [CATION size i offin ot x of orifice, oh cient of discharge, 064 ductivity of brass fin, 110 Wim. juctivity of aluminium fin, 210 Wim k= a6 Wink juctivity of mild steel fin, /ATION TABLE sat to the sur- | Manometer| ‘Thermocouple readings, °C T fos ielnpopmepeee ii IN of value of hin natural convection + brass fin temperature of the fin EN ENGINEERING HEAT AND MASS TRANG: ‘Air mean temperature Bulk fluid mean temperature ‘The temperature difference ‘The Grashof number ‘The Prandtl number ‘The ef ‘The Nusselt mamber ae of ‘The properties of air ts Cp Ay Bx¥, 80d Pr ar taken from heat transfer Table A-4 at 7 ‘The empirical relations for free convection ae: G@)Nu=1.4Gr Pp) *® for 10-1

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