Class 12 App - Maths QB

Class-12 Subject-Applied Mathematics (Formula)
Ch-1 Number, Quantification & Numerical Applications

 a mod b = r
 a b (mod n)
 Congruence modulo is an Equivalence Relation means
(i) R is reflexive
(ii) R is symmetric
(iii) R is transitive
 Equivalence class of a (mod n) is denoted by [a]n ie [a]n = { b : b- a = kn for some k }
 Properties of Addition in Modulo Arithmetic-
(i) If a + b = c, then a (mod n) + b (mod n) c (mod n)
(ii) If a b (mod n), then (a + k) (b+k) (mod n), k
(iii) If a b (mod n) and c d (mod n), then (a+c) (b+d) (m+d n)
(iv) If a b (mod n), then – a b (mod n)
 Properties of Multiplication in Modulo Arithmetic-
(i) If a. b = c, then a (mod n). b (mod n) = c (mod n)
or a.b (mod n) a (mod n). b (mod n)
(ii) If a b (mod n), then ka k b (mod n), k
(iii) If a b (mod n) and c d (mod n), then ac = bd (mod n)
 Property of Exponent in Modulo Arithmetic-
If a b (mod n), then ak bk (mod n), k
 Addition Modulo m/Subtraction Modulo
( )
A mb = {
 Multiplication Modulo m-
( )
a mb = {
 Additive function-
An arithmetic function f is called additive if for co-prime natural numbers n1 and n2 ie. gcd (n1,n2) =
1, then f (n1. n2) = f (n1) + f(n2)
 Multiplicative function- f(n1.n.2) = f(n1) f(n2)
 Number of divisors function-
(i) ( ) = Number of positive divisors of n, n N
(ii) ( )= Sum of all positive divisors of n, n N
(iii) ( ) = Sum of kth power of all the positive divisors of K N, n N
(iv) ∏( ) Number of primes n N
(v) ( ) Number of distinct prime factors of n, n N.
(vi) ( ) = Total number of Prime factors of n, n N
(vii) [ (n)]
(n) (Euler’s phi function) = {
Properties of Euler’s totient function-

(i) For a prime number p, (p) = p-1
(ii) For any two relatively prime numbers a and b, ( ) ( ) ( )
(iii) For any two prime numbers p and q, ( ) ( ) ( )
(iv) If p is a prime number then ( )
(v) Sum of values of totient functions of all divisors of n is equal to n.
(vi) Modius function [µ (n)] - it is defined as
µ (n) = {( )
Alligation & Mixture-
(i) When Two or more ingredient mixed of different prices,
C.P of chapter ‘c’ C.P. of dearer ‘d’
Mean Price ‘m’

(d-m) (m-c)
Repeated Dilution- Formula to calculate pure quantity of liquid left after ‘n’ number of repeated dilution
Quantity of Pure Liquid = x ( ) units, where
x = Liquid present in vessel
y = Number of units taken out and replaced by water.
Boat & Streams-

Let speed of boat in still water be x km/hr and speed of stream by y km/hr then
Down stream speed, u = (x+y) km/hr
Upstream speed, = (x-y) km/hr

 If a boat covers a distance d km downstream in t, hours and covers the same distance d km upstream
in t2 hors, then t1 =

 ( )
( )( )
 Average speed =
( ) ( )
 Distance between two places,
Pipe & Cisterns

 If an inlet pipe can fill a tank in x hours and outlet pipe empty tank in y hours, then Both pipes are
open together
Case-I When y > x
Part of tank filled in 1 hour =
Time taken to fill tank =
Case-II When x > y

Part of tank emptied in 1 hour =
Time taken to empty the tank =
 If a pipe fill tank in x hours, another pipe fill tank in y hour then both pipes are open together.
Part of tank filled in 1 hour =
Time taken to fill the tank =
Kanha Makhan Public School
Vrindavan
NUMBERS QUANTIFICATION AND NUMERICAL APPLICATION

Class 12 - Applied Mathematics
Section A
1. (8 × 14) in 12 hours clock is [1]
a) 2 O'clock b) 4 O'clock
c) 6 O'clock d) 8 O'clock
2. Three types of wheat costing ₹ 18 per kg, ₹ 20 per kg and ₹ 25 per kg are mixed together. If the mixed variety [1]
is sold at ₹ 22 per kg, then the ratio in which these types of wheat should be mixed respectively is
a) 1 : 2 : 3 b) 2 : 2 : 3
c) 2 : 3 : 1 d) 1 : 1 : 2
3. If x is the least non-negative integer satisfying 218 ≡ x (mod 7), then x2 +1 is equal to [1]
a) 50 b) 1
c) 2 d) 5
4. In what ratio must rice at ₹ 29.30 per kg be mixed with rice at ₹ 30.80 per kg so that the mixture be worth ₹ 30 [1]
per kg?
a) 7:8 b) 3:8
c) 8:3 d) 8:7
5. (49 + 57) (mod 50) is [1]
a) 6 b) 4
c) 5 d) 7
6. If x ≡ 4 (mod 7), then positive values of x are [1]
a) {4, 8, 12, ...} b) {4, 11, 18, ...}
c) {11, 18, 25, ...} d) {1, 8, 15, ...}

7. The smallest non-negative integer congruent to 2796 (mod 7) is [1]
a) 2 b) 5
c) 1 d) 3
8. Two vessels A and B contain milk and water mixed in the ratio 5 : 2 and 7 : 6 respectively. The ratio in which [1]
these two mixtures be mixed to get a new mixture containing 69 3
13
% milk, is:
a) 5:7 b) 2:7
c) 5:2 d) 3:5
1/4
9. Milk and water in two vessels A and B are in the ratio 5 : 3 and 5 : 4 respectively. In what ratio the liquid of both [1]
the vessels be mixed to obtain a new mixture in which ratio of milk and water is 7 : 5 respectively?
a) 3 : 2 b) 2 : 3
c) 3 : 5 d) 2 : 5
10. The value of x in the set (0, 1 ,2 ,..., 10) satisfying 3 - x ≡ 5 (mod 11) is [1]
a) 9 b) 8
c) 10 d) 2
11. (-6 × 5) (mod 7) is [1]
a) 2 b) -5
c) -2 d) 5
12. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing ₹ 85 per kg and ₹ 100 per kg respectively so as [1]
to get a mixture worth ₹ 92 per kg?
a) 8 : 7 b) 5 : 7
c) 7 : 8 d) 7 : 5
13. The least positive integer x satisfying 28 ≡ x (mod 6) is [1]
a) 2 b) 1
c) 3 d) 4
14. How much water must be added to 60 litres of milk at 1 1
2
litres for ₹ 20 so as to have mixture worth ₹ 10 2
3
a [1]
litre?
a) 20 litres b) 5 litres
c) 15 litres d) 10 litres
15. (09 : 30 + 16 : 40) in 24 hours clock is [1]
a) 2 : 10 b) 26 : 10
c) 25 : 70 d) 03 : 10
16. (15 - 53) (mod 4) is [1]
a) 1 b) 4
c) 2 d) 3
17. (18 × 10) (mod 7) is [1]
a) 3 b) 4
c) 5 d) 2
18. In what ratio must water be mixed with milk to gain 16 2
3
% on selling the mixture at cost price? [1]
a) 1:6 b) 4:3
c) 6:1 d) 2:3
19. [(3 × 7) + 5] (mod 4) is [1]
a) 4 b) 2
2/4
c) 5 d) 3
20. 20 litres of a mixture contains milk and water in the ratio 3 : 1. The amount of milk, in litres, to be added to the [1]
mixture so as to have milk and water in the ratio 4 : 1 is:
a) 5 b) 7
c) 6 d) 4
Section B
21. Evaluate: 360 (mod 7) [2]
22. A vessel contains 56 litres of mixture of milk and water in the ratio 5 : 2. How much water should be mixed with [2]
it so that milk to water ratio becomes 4 : 5?
23. 35 kg of types S1 sandal powder, which costs ₹ 614 per kg, was mixed with a certain amount of type S2 sandal [2]
powder, which costs ₹ 695 per kg. Then the mixture was sold at the rate of ₹ 767 per kg and 18% profit was
earned. What was the amount (in kg) of type S2 sandal powder in the mixture?
24. In what ratio must water be mixed with milk to gain 20% by selling the mixture at cost price? [2]
25. Solve: 12x ≡ 44 (mod 59) [2]
5
26. Show that 2 2

+ 1 is divisible by 641. [2]
27. Prove that: 22222 ≡ 4 (mod 13) [2]
28. The milk and water in two vessels P and Q are in the ratio 4 : 3 and 2 : 3. In what ratio, the mixtures in both the [2]
vessels be mixed to obtain a new mixture in vessel R containing half milk and half water?
29. An 8 litre cylinder contains a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, the volume of oxygen being 16% of total volume. [2]
A few litres of mixture is released and an equal amount of nitrogen is added. The process is repeated twice. As a
result, the oxygen content reduces to 9% of total volume. How many litres of mixture is released each time?
30. Solve the linear congruence 5x ≡ 12 (mod 23). [2]
31. Find the unit digit in 183! + 3183. [2]
32. Find the least non-negative remainder when 5100 is divided by 9. [2]
33. If x is an odd integer, prove that x2 ≡ 1 (mod 8). [2]
34. Find the least non-negative remainder when 510 is divided by 7 [2]
35. Find the multiplicative inverse of 27 (mod 392). [2]
36. Find the multiplicative inverse of 47 under modulo 249. [2]
37. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties pulses costing ₹ 45 and ₹ 60 per kg respectively so as to get a [2]
mixture worth ₹ 49.50 per kg?
38. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of tea worth ₹ 60 per kg and ₹ 65 per kg so that by selling the [2]
mixture at ₹ 68.20 per kg may gain 10%?
39. A Merchant lent out ₹ 10,000 in two parts, one at 8% and other at 10% interest. The yearly average comes out to [2]
be 9.2%. Find the amount lent in two parts.
40. Find the remainder when 2100 is divided by 11. [2]
41. Five litres of water is added to a certain quantity of pure milk costing ₹ 60 per litre. If by selling the mixture at [3]
the same price as before, a profit of 20% is made, what is the amount of pure milk in the mixture?
42. Solve: 7x ≡ 3 (mod 19) [3]
43. Two liquids are mixed in the proportion 3 : 2 and the mixture is sold at ₹ 110 per litre at a 10% profit. If first [3]
liquid costs ₹ 20 more per litre than the second, what does it cost per litre?
3/4
44. Find the non-negative remainder when 2151 × 351 is divided by 7. [3]
45. Prove that: 5700 ≡ 6 (mod 23) [3]
46. Solve: 55x ≡ 66 (mod 77) [3]

47. Find the remainder when 5121 is divided by 27. [5]
48. Find the non-negative remainder when 3200 × 250 is divided by 5. [5]
49. What is the remainder when 3287 is divided by 23? [5]
4/4
Chapter-3
Matrices
Row Column Zero Square Rectangular
o o o o
Identify Diagonal
j=1 i=j i≠j
i=1 Scalar
o
Symmetric Skew
Matrix symmetric
matrix
A1 = A
A1 = - A
Diagonal Scalar
Non-diagonal Non-diagonal
elements are 0 elements are 0 &
diagonals elements
are same
Important Formulas-
1) Multiplication of a Matrix by a scalar number:-
k A = [K aij]mxn
2) A ± B is possible if order of A & B matrices are same
A = [aij]mxn [bij]mxn
3) (i) (A1)1 =A Transpose (ii) (A B)1 = A1 B1
(iii) (AB)1 = B1A1
4) A= 5) AA-1 = I = A-1 A
Symmetric Matrix Skew Symmetric

MATRICES
Section A
Question No. 1 to 4 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
4.0
A trust fund has ₹ 35000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds, say X and Y. The first bond pays 10%
interest p.a. which will be given to an old age home and second one pays 8% interest p.a. which will be given to WWA
(Women Welfare Association). Let A be a 1 × 2 matrix and B be a 2 × 1 matrix, representing the investment and
interest rate on each bond respectively.
1. If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X, then find investment and interest rate in matrix form?
2. If ₹ 15000 is invested in bond X, then find the total amount of interest received on both bonds?
3. If the trust fund obtains an annual total interest of ₹ 3200, then find the investment in two bonds?
4. What will be the total amount of interest received on both bonds?
4.0
Amit, Biraj and Chirag were given the task of creating a square matrix of order 2.
Below are the matrices created by them. A, B, C are the matrices created by Amit, Biraj and Chirag respectively.
1 2 4 0 2 0
A=[ ] ,B=[ ] ,C=[ ]
−1 3 1 5 1 −2
If a = 4 and b = −2, based on the above information answer the following:
1/8
5. What will be the sum of the matrices A, B and C ?
6. What is the value of (AT)T?

1 2
1. [ ]
−1 3
2 1
2. [ ]
3 −1
1 −1
3. [ ]
2 3
2 3
4. [ ]
−1 1
7. What is the value of (bA)T?

8. What is the value of AC − BC?
Section B
⎡
n 0 0
⎤ ⎡
a1 a2 a3
⎤ [1]
9. If A = ⎢ 0 n 0 ⎥ and B = ⎢ b 1 b2 b3 ⎥, then AB is equal to:
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 0 n c1 c2 c3
a) B b) A + B
c) nB d) Bn
10. If A is an invertible matrix, then which of the following is not true [1]
a) |A-1| = |A|-1 b) (AT)-1 = (A-1)T
c) (A2)-1 = (A-1)2 d) |A| ≠ 0
11. If S = [sij] is a scalar matrix such that sii = k and A is a square matrix of the same order, then AS = SA = ? [1]
a) k + A b) kS
c) Ak d) kA
⎡
0 −5 8
⎤ [1]
12. The matrix A = ⎢ 5 0 12 ⎥ is a:
⎣ ⎦
−8 −12 0
a) symmetric matrix b) skew-symmetric matrix
c) scalar matrix d) diagonal matrix
13. If A = [
α β
] is such that A2 = I, then: [1]
γ −α
a) 1 - α 2
− βγ =0 b) 1 + α 2
− βγ =0
c) 1 - α 2
+ βγ =0 d) 1 + α 2
+ βγ =0
14. If AB = A and BA = B, where A and B are square matrices, then: [1]
a) B2 = B and A2 = A b) A2 ≠ A, B2 ≠ B
c) B2 ≠ B and A2 = A d) A2 ≠ A, B2 = B
15. If A satisfies the equation x3 - 5x2 + 4x + λ = 0, then A-1 exists it [1]
a) λ ≠ -1 b) λ ≠ 1
c) λ ≠ 2 d) λ ≠ 0
2/8
⎡
1 0 1
⎤ [1]
16. If A = ⎢ 0 0 1⎥ , then aI + bA + 2A2 equals
⎣ ⎦
a b 2
a) A b) none of these
c) ab A d) -A
17. If A is a singular matrix, then adj A is [1]
a) singular b) not defined
c) non-singular d) symmetric
18. If A = [
5 x
] and A = AT, then: [1]
y 0
a) x = 0, y = 5 b) x = y
c) x + y = 5 d) none of these
19. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is: [1]
a) 512 b) 27
c) 81 d) 18
20. If A and B are square matrices such that B = - A-1 BA, then (A + B)2 = [1]
a) A2 + 2AB + B2 b) A2 + B2
c) A + B d) O
2x + y 4x 7 7y − 13 [1]
21. If [ ] =[ ] , then the value of x + y is
5x − 7 4x y x+ 6
a) x = 2, y = 4 b) x = 3, y = 1
c) x = 3, y = 3 d) x = 2, y = 3
⎡
2 0 0
⎤ [1]
22. If A = ⎢ 0 5
2 0 ⎥ , then A =
⎣ ⎦
0 0 2
a) 10A b) 32A
c) 16A d) 5A
⎡
2 3
⎤ [1]
2 −1 3
23. If A = [ ] and B = ⎢ 4 −2 ⎥ , then:
−4 5 1
⎣ ⎦
1 5
a) only AB is defined b) only BA is defined
c) AB and BA both are defined d) AB and BA both are not defined
⎡
0 5 −7
⎤ [1]
24. The matrix ⎢ −5 0 11 ⎥ is:
⎣ ⎦
7 −11 0
a) a diagonal matrix b) symmetric matrix
c) an upper triangular matrix d) a skew-symmetric matrix
25. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then (I + A)3 - 7A is equal to [1]
3/8
a) I - A b) 3A
c) A d) I
0 2 0 3a [1]
26. If A = [ ] and kA = [ ] , then the values of k, a, b, are respectively
3 −4 2b 24
a) -6, -4, -9 b) -6, 12, 18
c) -6, -12, -18 d) -6, 4, 9
⎡
2 λ −3
⎤ [1]
27. If A = ⎢ 0 2 5 ⎥ , then A-1 exists if
⎣ ⎦
1 1 3
a) λ ≠ -2 b) λ ≠ 2
c) λ = 2 d) none of these
1, if i ≠ j [1]
28. If matrix A = [aij] 2 × 2, where aij = { , then A2 is equal to:
0, if i + j
a) -I b) A
c) O d) I
Section C
29. Assertion (A): If [

xy 4
] = [
4 w
] , then x = 2, y = 2, z = -5 and w = 4. [1]
z + 5 x+ y 0 4
Reason (R): Two matrices are equal, if their orders are same and their corresponding elements are equal.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
30. Assertion (A): If A = [

3 −2
] and I = [
1 0
] , then the value of k such that A2 = kA - 2I, is -1.
[1]
4 −2 0 1
Reason (R): If A and B are square matrices of same order, then (A + B)(A + B) is equal to A2 + AB + BA + B2.
31. Assertion (A): If A = [

10 −2
] , then A-1 does not exist.
[1]
−5 1
Reason (R): On using elementary column operations C2 → C2 - 2C1 in the following matrix equation
1 −3 1 −1 3 1 1 −5 1 −1 3 −5
[ ] = [ ][ ] , we have [ ] = [ ][ ] .
2 4 0 1 2 4 2 0 0 1 2 0

32. Let A and B be two symmetric matrices of order 3.
[1]
Assertion (A): A(BA) and (AB) A are symmetric matrices.
Reason (R): AB is symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication of A with B is commutative.
4/8

Section D
33. Solve:
[2]
4
x
+ 3y = 14
x
- 4y = 23
34. If A = [aij] is a 2 × 2 matrix such that aij = i + 2j, write A. [2]
35. For any square matrix write whether AAT is symmetric or skew-symmetric. [2]
36. If A = [
3 −2
] , find k such that A2 = kA - 2I2. [2]
4 −2
37. Use matrix multiplication to divide ₹ 30,000 in two parts such that the total annual interest at 9% on the first [2]
part and 11% on the second part amounts ₹ 3,060.
38. Find the adjoint of matrix [

a b
] . Verify that (adj A) A = |A| I = A (adj A). [2]
c d
39. If A is a symmetric matrix and n ∈ N, write whether An is symmetric or skew-symmetric or neither of these two. [2]
2
x x −2 [2]
40. Solve the matrix equation: [ 2
] − 3[ ] = [ ]
y 2y 9
⎡
−4 −3 −3
⎤ [2]
41. If A = ⎢ 1 0 1⎥ , show that adj A = A.
⎣ ⎦
4 4 3
42. Solve the following system of equations using Cramer's rule:

[2]
5x - 7y + z = 11, 6x - 8y - z = 15 and 3x + 2y - 6z = 7
43. Given A = [
2 −3
] , compute A-1 and show that 2A-1 = 9I - A. [2]
−4 7
44. Give an example of: [2]

i. a row matrix which is also a column matrix
ii. a diagonal matrix which is not scalar
iii. a triangular matrix
⎡
2 3 −5
⎤ ⎡
2 −1
⎤ [2]
45. If A = [aij] = ⎢ 1 4 9⎥ and B = [bij] = ⎢ −3 4⎥ then find a11 b11 + a22b22
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
0 7 −2 1 2
2
46. Construct a 2× 2 matrix A = [aij] whose element aij is given by:

(i+j)
[2]
2
47. If [
xy 4
] = [
8 w
] , then find the values of x, y, z and w. [2]
z + 6 x+ y 0 6
1 −1 a 1 [3]
48. If A = [ ] ,B=[ ] and (A + B)2 = A2 + B2, find a and b.
2 −1 b −1
⎡
2 3 1
⎤ [3]
49. Find the inverse of ⎢ 3 4 1⎥ matrices and verify that A-1 A = I3.
⎣ ⎦
3 7 2
⎡
−1 1 −1
⎤ ⎡
0 4 3
⎤ [3]
50. If A = ⎢ 3 −3 3⎥ and B = ⎢ 1 −3 −3 ⎥ , find A2 - B2.
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
5 5 5 −1 4 4
51. Solve the system of the linear equations by Cramer's rule:

[3]
6x + y - 3z = 5
x + 3y - 2z = 5
2x + y + 4z = 8
5/8
2 3 1 0 0 0 [3]
52. If A = [ ] , verify that A2 - 4A + I = O, where I = [ ] and O = [ ] . Hence, find A-1.
1 2 0 1 0 0
⎡
2 0 1
⎤ [3]
53. If A = ⎢ 2 1 3⎥ , find A2 - 5A + 4I and hence find a matrix X such that A2 - 5A + 4I + X = O.
⎣ ⎦
1 −1 0
⎡
1 0 −2
⎤ ⎡
0 5 −4
⎤ ⎡
1 5 2
⎤ [3]
54. If A = ⎢ 3 −1 0⎥ , B = ⎢ −2 1 3⎥ and C = ⎢ −1 1 0⎥ , verify that A(B - C) = AB - AC.
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
−2 1 1 −1 0 2 0 −1 1
x− y 2 −2 3 −2 2 6 0 0 [3]
55. Find x, y satisfying the matrix equation [ ] + [ ] = [ ]
4 x 6 1 0 −1 5 2x + y 5
56. Let A be a non-singular matrix. Show that ATA-1 is symmetric iff A2 = (AT)2. [3]
3 2 4 6 [3]
57. For the matrices A = [ ] and B = [ ] verify that (AB)-1 = B-1 A-1.
7 5 3 2
58. Solve the system of equations by matrix method:

[3]
2
x
−
3
y
+
3
z
= 10
= 10
1 1 1
+ +
x y z
x
−
1
y
+
2
z
= 13
2 3 1 0 [3]
59. If A = [ ] and I = [ ] , then find λ , μ so that A2 = λ A + μI
1 2 0 1
1 −1 2 1 [3]
60. If A = [ ] ,B=[ ] , prove that (A + B)2 ≠ A2 + 2AB + B2.
2 3 1 0
61. A company produces three products every day. Their production on a certain day is 45 tons. It is found that the [3]
production of third product exceeds the production of first product by 8 tons while the total production of first
and third product is twice the production of second product. Determine the production level of each product
using matrix method.
62. A transport company uses 3 types of trucks T1, T2 and T3 to transport 3 types of vehicles V1, V2 and V3. The [3]
capacity of each truck in terms of 3 types of vehicles is given as follows:
V1 V2 V3
T1 1 3 2
T2 2 2 3
T3 3 2 2
Using matrix method, find the number of trucks of each type required to transport 85, 105 and 110 vehicles of
V1, V2 and V3 types respectively.
63. Two farmers Ram Kishan and Gurcharan Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice namely Basmati, Permal, [5]
and Naura. The sale (in ₹) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of September and October
are given by the following matrices A and B.
6/8
Find:
i. What were the combined sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety?
ii. What was the change in sales from September to October?
iii. If both farmers receive 2% profit on gross rupees sales, compute the profit for each farmer and for each
variety sold in October.
64. A mixture is to be made of three foods A, B, C. The three foods A, B, and C contain nutrients P, Q, R as shown [5]
below:
Ounces per pound of Nutrient
Food P Q R
A 1 2 5
B 3 1 1
C 4 2 1
How to form a mixture which will have 8 ounces of P, 5 ounces of Q and 7 ounces of R?
65. A trust invested some money in two type of bonds. The first bond pays 10% interest and second bond pays 12% [5]
interest. The trust received ₹ 2800 as interest. However, if trust had interchanged money in bonds, they would
have got ₹ 100 less as interest. Using matrix method, find the amount invested by the trust.
66. A shopkeeper has 3 varieties of pens A, B and C. Meenu purchased 1 pen of each variety for a total of ₹ 21. [5]
Jean purchased 4 pens of A variety, 3 pens of B variety and 2 pens of C variety for ₹ 60. While Shikha
purchased 6 pens of A variety, 2 pens of B variety and 3 pens of C variety for ₹ 70. Using matrix method find
the cost of each pen.
⎡
3 −2 −4
⎤ [5]
67. Express the matrix ⎢ 3 −2 −5 ⎥ as the sum of a symmetric and skew-symmetric matrix and verify your
⎣ ⎦
−1 1 2
result.
⎡
3 2 3
⎤ [5]
68. Express the matrix A = ⎢ 4 5 3 ⎥ as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
⎣ ⎦
2 4 5
69. The following matrix gives the proportionate mix of constituents used for the three fertilizers: [5]
Constituent
A B C D
Fertilizer I 0.5 0 0.5 0
II 0.2 0.3 0 0.5
7/8
III 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5
i. If sales are 1000 tins (of one kg each) per week each consisting of 20% being fertilizer 1, 30% being
fertilizer II and 50% being fertilizer III, how much of each constituent is used?
ii. If the cost of each constituent is ₹5, ₹6, ₹8 and ₹10 per 100 gms respectively, how much does one kilogram
tin of each fertilizer cost?
iii. What is the total cost per week?
70. A two industries input-output relationship states that industry I require 20 paise worth of its own output and 50 [5]
paise worth of industry II for producing output of ₹1. Industry II requires 30 paise worth of its own output and
40 paise worth of industry I for producing an output of ₹1.
i. Write the technology coefficient matrix.
ii. Determine the gross output required to satisfy the economy's demand of ₹180 crores and ₹270 crores
respectively.
iii. Give the interpretation of its row sum and column sum, if any.
⎡
3 −3 4
⎤ [5]
71. If A = ⎢ 2 −3 4⎥ , show that A-1 = A3.
⎣ ⎦
0 −1 1
72. If A = [
1 2
] is written as B + C, where B is a symmetric matrix and C is a skew-symmetric matrix, then find [5]
0 3
B.
73. An economy produces only coal and steel. The two commodities serve as intermediate inputs in each other's [5]
production. 0.4 tonne of steel and 0.7 tonne of coal are needed to produce a tonne of steel. Similarly, 0.1 tonne of
steel and 0.6 tonne of coal are required to produce a tonne of coal. If the economy needs 100 tonne of coal and
50 tonne of steel, calculate the gross output of the two commodities.
74. An amount of ₹10,000 is put into three investments at the rate of 10, 12 and 15% per annum. The combined [5]
income is ₹1310 and the combined income of first and second investment is ₹190 short of the income from the
third. Find the investment in each using matrix method.
8/8
Ch-4
Determinants
Evaluation of a
| | Determinants
Then ( ) (
) ( )
Minor-
| |
Then minor of | |
Minor of | |
In this way Minor of every element can be found in the same way.
Co-factor of a matrix-
Cij = (-1)i+j Mij
[ ]
A-1 = | |
A-1 = Inverse of Matrix
| | Determinant of A | |
Solving equations:-
If a1 x+ b1 y + c1z = d1 ---------(i)
a2 x+b2y+c2z=d2-------------(ii)
a3 x + b3y + c3z= d3--------------(iii)
then X = A-1 B | |
X=[ ] [ ] Area of triangle = | |
A (x1, y1) B (x2, y2) C (x3, y3) are co-ordinates of the triangle
Chapter-4
Determinant
Only applicable for square

matrix, i.e.
No. of Row = No of column &
Singular Applications of
Matrix determinants
[A] is singular
if Area of Finding
triangle solutions
of
equations
|𝐴|
Adjoint of a
matrix
Matrix mode by
transpose of co-
factors of the matrix
Solution of Linear Equations by Determinants
By CRAMER’S RULE- Let non-homogeneous Linear equations
a1x + b1y + c1z = d1
a2x + b2y + c2z = d2
a3x + b3y + c3z = d3
Determinants
Homogenous Non-
System Homogenous
System
No
Solution
Unique
Solution
Infinite In
Solutions Consistent
Consistent
D=0
Independent
Consistent
Dependent
𝐷1 𝐷2 𝐷3
x= y= z=
𝐷 𝐷 𝐷 D = D1 = D2 = 0
Condition D ≠ 0
Here | | | |
| | | |
DETERMINANTS
Section A
4.0
Manjit wants to donate a rectangular plot of land for a school in his village. When he was asked to give dimensions of
the plot,he told that if its length is decreased by 50 m and breadth is increased by 50m, then its area will remain same,
but if length is decreased by 10 m and breadth is decreased by 20m, then its area will decrease by 5300 m2.
information given above, answer the following questions:
1. What are the equations in terms of X and Y?

2. Represent the given information as matrix equation.
3. What is the value of x (length of rectangular field)?
4. What is the value of y (breadth of rectangular field)?
4.0
Two schools Oxford and Navdeep want to award their selected students on the values of sincerity, truthfulness and
helpfulness. Oxford wants to award ₹ x each, ₹ y each and ₹ z each for the three respective values to 3, 2 and 1
students respectively with a total award money of 1600. Navdeep wants to spend 2300 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students
on the respective values (by giving the same amount to the three values as before). The total amount of the award for
one prize on each is ₹ 900.
5. What is the value of x + y + z?

6. What is the value of 4x + y + 3z?
7. What is the value of y?
8. What is the value of 2x + 3y?
1/6
Section B
∣ 1 1 1 ∣
[1]
∣ ∣
9. The value of b+ c c+ a a + b is
∣ ∣
∣b+ c− a c+ a − b a + b− c∣
a) a + b + c b) 1
c) 2(a + b + c) d) 0
10. The area of a triangle with vertices (−3, 0), (3, 0) and (0, k) is 9 sq. units. Then, the value of k will be [1]
a) -9 b) 3
c) 9 d) 6
∣a − b b+ c a∣ [1]
11. The value of the determinant ∣ b − c c+ a b
∣
is
∣ ∣
∣c− a a + b c ∣
a) a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc b) a3 + b3 + c3
c) abc d) 3abc
12. Which of the following statements is correct? [1]
a. Determinant is a number associated to a matrix.
b. Determinant is a square matrix.
c. Determinant is a number associated to a square matrix.
d. None of the above
a) Option (a) b) Option (c)
c) Option (d) d) Option (b)

13. If A is a square matrix of order 3, such that A(adjA) = 10I, then |adj A| is equal to [1]
a) 100 b) 1000
c) 10 d) 1
14. Which of the following is not true? [1]
i. Every skew-symmetric matrix of odd order is non-singular
ii. If determinant of a square matrix is non-zero, then it is non singular
iii. Adjoint of symmetric matrix is symmetric
iv. Adjoint of a diagonal matrix is diagonal
a) Option (iv) b) Option (i)
c) Option (ii) d) Option (iii)

2
∣ Ax x 1∣ ∣ A B C ∣ [1]
∣ ∣
∣ ∣
15. If Δ 1 = ∣ By y
2
1∣ and Δ 2 =
∣
x y z
∣
, then
∣ ∣
2
∣ Cz z 1∣ ∣ yz zx xy ∣
a) Δ 1 + Δ2 =0 b) Δ1 ≠ Δ2
c) none of these d) Δ1 − Δ2 =0
16.
∣ 2x
If ∣
5 ∣
∣ =∣
∣6 −2 ∣
∣ , then the value of x is [1]
∣ 8 x∣ ∣7 3 ∣
a) 6 b) 3
2/6
c) ±6 d) ±3
∣x + 1 x + 2 x + a∣
[1]
17. If a, b, c are in AP, then the value of ∣∣ x + 2 x+ 3 x+ b
∣
∣
is:
∣x+ 3 x+ 4 x+ c ∣
a) 0 b) 4
c) abc d) -3
18. If the order of matrix A is m × p and the order of B is p × n. Then the order of matrix AB is? [1]
a) n × p b) m × p
c) n × m d) m × n
19. Adjoint of matrix [

1 2
] is: [1]
3 4
a) ∣∣ 1 2∣
∣
b) ∣ 4
∣
−2 ∣
∣
∣3 4∣ ∣ −3 1 ∣
c) [ 1 −2
]
d) ∣4
∣
2∣
∣
−3 4 ∣3 1∣
20. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, then the value of |A| is: [1]
a) 3 b) 0
c) 27 d) 9
21. What is x if [
1 4
] is a singular matrix? [1]
2 x
a) 7 b) 8
c) 5 d) 6
22. If B is a non-singular matrix and A is a square matrix, then det (B-1 AB) is equal to [1]
a) Det (B-1) b) Det (B)
c) Det (A) d) Det (A-1)
23. If d is the determinant of a square matrix A of order n, then the determinant of its adjoint is [1]
a) dn b) d
c) dn+1 d) dn-1
24.
∣ 3x
If ∣
4 ∣ ∣4
∣ = ∣
−3 ∣
∣ , then x = [1]
∣ 5 x∣ ∣5 −2 ∣
a) 6 or -6 b) 3 or -3
c) -3 only d) 3 only
25. If A is any square matrix of order 3× 3 such that |A| = 3, then the value of |adj A| is [1]
a) 3 b)
1
c) 9 d) 27
2 3
∣a a 1+ a ∣
[1]
∣ ∣
26. If a, b, c are all distinct, an ∣ b
2
b 1+ b
3
∣ = 0, then the value of abc is
∣ ∣
2 3
∣ c c 1+ c ∣
3/6
a) 3 b) 0
c) -3 d) -1
⎡
1 3 9
⎤ [1]
27. If ⎢ 1 x x
2
⎥ is singular matrix, then x =
⎣ ⎦
4 6 9
a) 3 or 3
2
b) 3
c) -3, d) 3 or 6
3
∣1+ a b c ∣
[1]
∣ ∣
28. The value of a 1+ b c is
∣ ∣
∣ a b 1+ c ∣
a) 3 + abc b) abc
c) 1 + a + b + c d) a + b + c
Section C
∣ 2 3 −2 ∣ [2]
∣ ∣
29. Evaluate Δ = 1 2 3 by expanding it along the second row.
∣ ∣
∣ −2 1 −3 ∣
∣ 2 3 −2 ∣ [2]
∣ ∣
30. Evaluate the determinant D = 1 2 3 by expanding it along first column.
∣ ∣
∣ −2 1 −3 ∣
31. Write the minors and cofactors of each element of the first column of the given matrix and hence evaluate the [2]
1 −3 2
⎡ ⎤
determinant: A = ⎢4 −1 2⎥
⎣ ⎦
3 5 2
⎡
1 3 −2
⎤ [2]
32. Find the minors and cofactors of elements of the matrix A = [aij] = ⎢ 4 −5 6⎥ .
⎣ ⎦
3 5 2
⎡
x− 1 1 1
⎤ [2]
33. For what value of x the matrix A = ⎢ 1 x− 1 1 ⎥ is singular?
⎣ ⎦
1 1 x− 1
∣2 −1 3∣ [2]
∣ ∣
34. Evaluate Δ = 4 1 2 by using Sarrus diagram.
∣ ∣
∣1 −1 5∣
∣ log 512 log 3∣ [2]

35. Evaluate the determinant Δ = .
3 4
∣ ∣
∣ log 3 8 log 4 9∣
36. If A = [
a b
] ,B=[
1 0
] , find adj(AB). [2]
c d 0 1
2
∣ 2 3 7 ∣ [2]
∣ ∣
37. Evaluate: ∣ 13 17 5
∣
∣ 15 20 12 ∣
2
∣x x 1∣ [2]
∣ ∣
38. Find the integral value of x, if ∣ 0 2 1
∣
= 28 .
∣3 1 4∣
∣2 4∣ ∣ 2x 4∣ [2]
39. Find values of x, if ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣
∣5 1∣ ∣ 6 x∣
−1 4
determinant: A = [ ]
2 3
4/6
1 a bc
⎡ ⎤
determinant: A = ⎢1 b ca ⎥
⎣ ⎦
1 c ab
⎡
1 4 5
⎤ [3]
42. Compute the adjoint of the matrix A given by A = ⎢ 3 2 6⎥ and verify that A (Adj A) = |A| I = (adj A) A.
⎣ ⎦
0 1 0
43. If x ∈ N and ∣
∣x+ 3 −2 ∣
∣ = 8 , then find the value of x. [3]
∣ −3x 2x ∣
44. A firm produces three products P1, P2 and P3 processed on three machines M1, M2 and M3. Machine M1 can [3]
process 25 units of P1 or, 50 units of P2 or, 75 units of P3 per hour. M2 can process 50 units of each product per
hour. M3 can process 50 or, 25 or, 100 units per hour of P1, P2 and P3 respectively. The processing hours
available on the machines M1, M2 and M3 are 12, 12 and 13 respectively. Using determinants, find how many
units of three products can be produced with the available time fully used?
⎡
1 2 2
⎤ [3]
45. Compute the adjoint of the matrix ⎢ 2 1 2⎥ . Verify that (adj A) A =|A| I = A (adj A).
⎣ ⎦
2 2 1
46. If A = [
2 5
] and B = [
4 −3
] , verify that |AB| = |A||B|. [3]
2 1 2 5
∣ 3x 7∣ ∣8 7∣ [3]
47. If ∣ ∣ = ∣ ∣ . find the value of x.
∣ −2 4∣ ∣6 4∣
−3 5 [5]
48. Find the adjoint of the matrix [ ] . Verify that (adj A) A = |A| I = A (adj A).
2 4
2 −1 0 1
⎡ ⎤
⎢ −3 0 1 −2 ⎥
determinant: A = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 1 1 −1 1⎥
⎣ ⎦
2 −1 5 0
a h g
⎡ ⎤
determinant: A = ⎢h b f ⎥
⎣ ⎦
g f c
51. A salesman has the following record of sales during three months for three items A, B and C which have [5]
different rates of commission.
Sale of units
Month Total commission drew (in ₹)
A B C
Jan 90 100 20 800
Feb 130 50 40 900
March 60 100 30 850
Find out the rates of commission on items A, B and C by using the determinant method.
52. The total sales (S) in thousands of rupees of a firm selling two products X and Y is given by the relationship: S = [5]
a + bX + cY. Sales data from January-March are given below:
Month X Y Total Sales (S)
January 2 3 12
February 6 2 13
5/6
March 5 3 15
Using determinant method, determine the sales in the next month when it sells 4 units of X and 5 units of Y.
0 2 6
⎡ ⎤
determinant: A = ⎢1 5 0⎥
⎣ ⎦
3 7 1
⎡
−1 −2 −2
⎤ [5]
54. Find the adjoint of the matrix A = ⎢ 2 1 −2 ⎥ and hence show that A (adj A) = |A| I3.
⎣ ⎦
2 −2 1
6/6
KANHA MAKHAN MILLENNIUM SCHOOL
Sub – Applied Mathematics
Class – 12th Comm. (Worksheet – 4)
(Probability)
Important Question – Concept

Random Variable
In probability, a real-valued function, defined over the sample space of a random experiment, is called a random
variable. That is, the values of the random variable correspond to the outcomes of the random experiment. Random
variables could be either discrete or continuous. In this article, let’s discuss the different types of random variables.
A random variable’s likely values may express the possible outcomes of an experiment, which is about to be
performed or the possible outcomes of a preceding experiment whose existing value is unknown. They may also
conceptually describe either the results of an “objectively” random process (like rolling a die) or the “subjective”
randomness that appears from inadequate knowledge of a quantity.
The domain of a random variable is a sample space, which is represented as the collection of possible outcomes of
a random event. For instance, when a coin is tossed, only two possible outcomes are acknowledged such as heads
or tails.
A random variable is a rule that assigns a numerical value to each outcome in a sample space. Random variables
may be either discrete or continuous. A random variable is said to be discrete if it assumes only specified values in
an interval. Otherwise, it is continuous. We generally denote the random variables with capital letters such as X and
Y. When X takes values 1, 2, 3, …, it is said to have a discrete random variable.
As a function, a random variable is needed to be measured, which allows probabilities to be assigned to a set of
potential values. It is obvious that the results depend on some physical variables which are not predictable. Say, when
we toss a fair coin, the final result of happening to be heads or tails will depend on the possible physical conditions.
We cannot predict which outcome will be noted. Though there are other probabilities like the coin could break or be
lost, such consideration is avoided.
Variate:
A variate can be defined as a generalization of the random variable. It has the same properties as that of the
random variables without stressing to any particular type of probabilistic experiment. It always obeys a particular
probabilistic law.
 A variate is called discrete variate when that variate is not capable of assuming all the values in the
provided range.
 If the variate is able to assume all the numerical values provided in the whole range, then it is called
continuous variate.
Discrete Random variable:
A discrete random variable can take only a finite number of distinct values such as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, … and so on.
The probability distribution of a random variable has a list of probabilities compared with each of its possible values
known as probability mass function.
In an analysis, let a person be chosen at random, and the person’s height is demonstrated by a random variable.
Logically the random variable is described as a function which relates the person to the person’s height. Now in
relation with the random variable, it is a probability distribution that enables the calculation of the probability that the
height is in any subset of likely values, such as the likelihood that the height is between 175 and 185 cm, or the
possibility that the height is either less than 145 or more than 180 cm. Now another random variable could be the
person’s age which could be either between 45 years to 50 years or less than 40 or more than 50.
Continuous Random Variable

A numerically valued variable is said to be continuous if, in any unit of measurement, whenever it can take on the
values a and b. If the random variable X can assume an infinite and uncountable set of values, it is said to be a
continuous random variable. When X takes any value in a given interval (a, b), it is said to be a continuous random
variable in that interval.
Formally, a continuous random variable is such whose cumulative distribution function is constant throughout.
There are no “gaps” in between which would compare to numbers which have a limited probability of occurring.
Alternately, these variables almost never take an accurately prescribed value c but there is a positive probability
that its value will rest in particular intervals which can be very small.
(Probability)
Random Variable Formula

For a given set of data the mean and variance random variable is calculated by the formula. So, here we will define
two major formulas:
 Mean of random variable

 Variance of random variable
Mean of random variable: If X is the random variable and P is the respective probabilities, the mean of a random
variable is defined by:
Mean (μ) = ∑ XP
where variable X consists of all possible values and P consist of respective probabilities.
Variance of Random Variable: The variance tells how much is the spread of random variable X around the mean
value. The formula for the variance of a random variable is given by;
Var(X) = σ2 = E(X2) – [E(X)]2
where E(X2) = ∑X2P and E(X) = ∑ XP
Q1. State whether it is possible for Random Variable to have following probability Distribution
Q2. A random variable X has the following variable distribution

(Probability)
Q3. A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as tail. If the coin is tossed twice, find the probability
distribution of number of tails.
4.
Sol.
Q5.
(Probability)
Sol.
Q6.
Q7.
Sol.
(Probability)
Q8.
Sol.
(Probability)
Q9.
Sol.
Q10.
(Probability)
Sol.
Q11 A die is tossed 3 times. What is the probability of (a) No fives turning up? (b)1 five?(c)3 fives?
Q12.
(Probability)
Q13.
A (blindfolded) marksman finds that on the average he hits the target 4 times out of 5. If he fires4 shots, what is the
probability of (a) more than 2 hits? (b) at least 3 misses?
Q14.
In the World Cup, an average of 2.5 goals are scored each game. Modeling this situation with a Poisson distribution, what
is the probability that k goals are scored in a game?
Sol.
In this instance, λ=2.5. The formula applies directly:
Q15 A statistician records the number of cars that approach an intersection. He finds that an average of 1.6 cars
approach the intersection every minute. Assuming the number of cars that approach this intersection follows a Poisson
distribution, what is the probability that 3 or more cars will approach the intersection within a minute?
Sol. For this problem, λ=1.6. The goal of this problem is to find P(X≥3), the probability that there are 3 or more cars
approaching the intersection within a minute. Since there is no upper limit on the value of k, this probability cannot be
computed directly. However, its complement,P(X≤2), can be computed to give P(X≥3):
Sol.
(Probability)
Therefore, the probability that there are 3 or more cars approaching the intersection within a minute is
approximately 0.217
Q16. A call center receives an average of 4.5 calls every 5 minutes. Each agent can handle one of these calls over the 5
minute period. If a call is received, but no agent is available to take it, then that caller will be placed on hold. Assuming
that the calls follow a Poisson distribution, what is the minimum number of agents needed on duty so that calls are
placed on hold at most 10% of the time?
Sol. In order for all calls to be taken, the number of agents on duty should be greater than or equal to the number of
calls received. If X is the number of calls received and k is the number of agents, then k should be set such
that P(X>k)≤0.1, or equivalently,P(X≤k)>0.9.
The average number of calls is 4.5, so λ=4.5:
If the goal is to make sure that less than 10% of calls are placed on hold, then 7 agents should be on duty.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Q.17 A radar unit fixed in the road to measure speeds of cars. The speeds are found to be normally distributed with a
mean of 90 km/hr and a standard deviation of 10 km/hr. What is the probability that a car selected at random has a speed
more than 100 km/
Sol. Assume x to be the random variable represents the speed of cars. We need to
find the probability that x is greater than 100, or P(x > 100)
For x = 100 , z = (100 - 90) / 10 = 1
(Probability)
P(x > 90) = P(z > 1) = 1 - 0.8413 = 0.1587
Therefore, probability that a car selected at a random has a speed more than 100
km/hr equals to 0.1587.
Q18. Most colleges of engineering require candidates for admission to take the
qualifier test. Scores of this test are generally normally distirbuted with a mean
of 527 and a standard deviation of 112. What is the likelihood of a singular
scoring over 500 to take place?
Sol.
P (X > 500) = P (Z > -0.24) = 1 – 0.4052 = 0.594

What is the highest score must an individual score on this test in order to score in the highest 5%?
= 527
= 112
P(X > ?) = 0.05 ⇒ P(Z > ?) = 0.05 P(Z < ?) = 1 - 0.05 = 0.95 ⇒
Z = 1.645
X = 527 + 1.645(112)
X = 527 + 184.24
X = 711.24
Q19.
For a certain type of laptops, the length of time between charges of the battery is normally distributed with a mean of
50 hours and a standard deviation of 15 hours. Ayush bought one of these laptops and wants to know the probability
that the length of time will be
between 50 and 70 hours.
Sol. If x the random variable representing the length of time with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 15. Then
we should find the probability that x is between 50 and 70 ie. P( 50< x < 70) For x = 50 , z = (50 - 50) / 15 =
For x = 70 , z = (70 - 50) / 15 = 1.33
P( 50< x < 70) = P( 0< z < 1.33) = 0.9082 - 0.5 = 0.4082
The probability that Ayush's laptop has a length of time between 50 and 70 hours will be 0.4082
INDEX NUMBERS AND TIME BASED SERIES

Section A
4.0
The following data shows the percentage of rural, urban, and suburban Indians who have a high-speed internet
connection at home.
Year Rural Urban Suburban
2001 3 9 9
2002 6 18 17
2003 6 21 23
2004 16 29 29
2005 24 38 40
1. What is the straight line trend by the method of least square for the suburban Indians?
2. What is the forecast for the year 2006 for the urban groups using the trend equation?
3. What is the forecast for the year 2006 for the rural groups using the trend equation?
4. What is the straight line trend by the method of least square for the rural Indians?
4.0
To fit a straight line by the method of least squares, Rohit constructed the following table:
Year (t) Profit (y) x = ti - 2018 x2 xy
2015 114 -3 9 -342
2016 130 -2 4 -260
2017 126 -1 1 -126
2018 144 0 0 0
2019 138 1 1 138
2020 156 2 4 312
2021 164 3 9 492
The trend equation can be considered as yt = a + bx.
5. What is the value of a in the trend equation?

6. What is the value of b in the trend equation?
1/8
7. Which of the following is a trend equation?
yt = 138.86 + 7.64x, yt = 7.64 + 138.86x, yt = 138.86 - 7.64x

8. What is the trend value for year 2015?
4.0
Today in class Mr. Sharma is teaching the Method of Least Squares to measure the trend in time series. After
explaining the method, he had taken an example
Example: Given below are the data relating to the sales of a product in a district.
Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares and tabulate the trend values.
Year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Sales 6.7 5.3 4.3 6.1 5.6 7.9 5.8 6.1
To solve the given example, he constructed the following table:
Computation of trend values by the method of least squares.
x2
(t−2018.5)
Year (t) Sales (y) x= 0.5
XY
2015 6.7 -7 -46.9 49
2016 5.3 -5 -26.5 25
2017 4.3 -3 -12.9 9
2018 6.1 -1 -6.1 1
2019 5.6 1 5.6 1
2020 7.9 3 23.7 9
2021 5.8 5 29.0 25
2022 6.11 7 42.7 49
Here, n = 8 (even)
So, origin is mean of two middle years i.e., = 2018.5

2018+2019
9. If the straight line is yt = a + bx, then what is the value of a?

10. If the straight line is yt = a + bx, then what is the value of b?
11. Which of the following trend equation?
yt = 5.975 + 0.051x, yt = 0.051 + 5.975x, yt = 5.975 - 0.051x

12. What is the trend value for year 2015?
Section B
13. Which of the following is not an example of a time series model? [1]
a) None of these b) Moving average
c) Exponential smoothing d) Naive approach

14. Moving average method is used for measurement of trend when: [1]
a) Trend is curvilinear b) Trend is linear
c) None of these d) Trend is non-linear
2/8
15. The following are the movement(s) in the secular trend. [1]
a) All of these b) Smooth
c) Regular d) Steady
16. In the measurement of the secular trend, the moving averages: [1]
a) Given the trend in a straight line b) Measure the seasonal Variations
c) Smooth out the time series d) None of these

17. A set of observations recorded at an equal interval of time is called. [1]
a) Time series data b) Data
c) Array data d) Geometric Series

18. The best-fitted trend line is one for which sum of squares of residuals or errors is: [1]
a) Maximum b) Minimum
c) Positive d) Negative
19. In the theory of time series, shortage of certain consumer goods before the annual budget is due to: [1]
a) Irregular Variations b) Secular Trend
c) Seasonal Variation d) Cyclic Variation

20. An orderly set of data arranged in accordance with their time of occurrence is called: [1]
a) Time Series b) Harmonic Series
c) Geometric Series d) Arithmetic Series

21. The most commonly use mathematical method for measuring the trend is: [1]
a) Semi average method b) None of these
c) Method of least squares d) Moving average method

22. Which of the following is an example of time series problem? [1]
i. Estimating numbers of hotel rooms booking in next 6 months.
ii. Estimating the total sales in next 3 years of an insurance company.
iii. Estimating the number of calls for the next one week.
a) (i) and (ii) b) Only (iii)
c) (i), (ii) and (iii) d) (ii) and (iii)

23. The graph of time series is called: [1]
a) Ogive b) Histogram
c) Straight line d) Historigram

24. Increase in the number of patients in the hospital due to heat stroke is: [1]
a) Secular trend b) Seasonal variation
c) Irregular variation d) Cyclical variations

25. The increase in dearness allowances of the employees is decided on: [1]
a) Cost of foreign trade b) Cost of weighted average
3/8
c) Cost of living index d) Cost of aggregate basis
26. Which of the following can't be a component for a time series plot? [1]
a) Noise b) Trend
c) None of these d) Seasonality

27. Prosperity, Recession, and depression in a business is an example of: [1]
a) Cyclical Trend b) Irregular Trend
c) Seasonal Trend d) Secular Trend

Section C
28. State the uses of time series. [2]
29. The Production of cement by a firm in year 1 to 9 is given below: [2]
Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Production in (Tonnes) 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 8 10
Calculate the trend values for the above series by the 3-yearly moving average method.
30. What causes secular trend? [2]
31. What is the need for studying time series? [2]
32. Write down the models of Time Series Analysis. [2]
33. State the two normal equations used in fitting a straight line. [2]
34. Using three-yearly moving averages, compute the trend values and short term fluctuations for the following [2]
data:
Year: 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Production (Thousand tonnes): 21 22 23 25 24 22 25 26 27 26
35. Calculate the 3-year moving averages for the loan (in lakh ₹) issued by co-operative banks for farmers in [2]
different states of India based on the values given below.
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Loan amount (in lakh ₹) 41.85 40.2 38.12 26.5 55.5 23.6 28.36 33.31 41.1
36. Define secular trend and seasonal variations. [2]

37. Construct 5-yearly moving averages from the following data of the number of industrial failures in a country [2]
during 2003-2018:
Year No. of failures Year No. of Failures
2003 23 2011 9
2004 26 2012 13
2005 28 2013 11
2006 32 2014 14
2007 20 2015 12
2008 12 2016 9
2009 12 2017 3
4/8
2010 10 2018 1
38. Construct 3-yearly moving averages from the following data: [2]
Year: 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Imported cotton consumption in
129 131 106 91 95 84 93

India (in '000 bales):
39. From the following data compute 4-yearly moving averages and determine the trend values. Also, find the short- [2]
term fluctuations.
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Value: 50 36.5 43.0 44.5 38.9 38.1 32.6 41.7 41.1 33.8
40. Compute the trends by the method of moving averages, assuming that 4-year cycle is present in the following [3]
series.
Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1968 1987 1988 1989
Index number 400 470 450 410 432 475 461 500 480 430
41. From the following data calculate the 4-yearly moving averages and determine the trend values. [3]
Years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Value 50.0 36.5 43.0 44.5 38.9 38.9 32.6 41.7 41.1 33.8
42. The production of soft drink company in thousands of litres during each month of a year is as follows: [3]
Jan Feb March April May June July August Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
1.2 0.8 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.4 2.6 3.0 3.6 2.8 1.9 3.4
Calculate the five monthly moving averages and show these moving averages on a graph.
43. Explain the method of fitting a straight line. [3]
44. The following figures relate to the profits of a commercial concern for 8 years. [3]
Years 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Profit (₹) 15,420 15,470 15,520 21,020 26,500 31,950 35,600 34,900
Find the trend of profits by the method of three-yearly moving averages.

45. For the following data, use the weighted average of price relative method to construct the index number for the [3]
year 2010, taking the year 2005 as the base year.
Commodity Weight (W) Price in 2005 (P0) Price in 2007 (P1)
E 15 22 30
F 12 15 18
G 8 17 20
H 17 12 15
I 20 25 32
46. Given below are the consumer price index numbers (CPI) of the industrial workers. [3]
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
5/8
Index number 145 140 150 190 200 220 230
Find the best fitted trend line by the method of least squares and tabulate the trend values.
47. Calculate four-yearly moving averages of number of students studying in a higher secondary school in a [3]
particular city from the following data:
Year Number of Students
2011 124
2012 120
2013 135
2014 140
2015 145
2016 158
2017 162
2018 170
2019 175
48. i. Obtain the three year moving averages for the following series of observations: [3]
Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Annual Sales (in 000 ₹) 3.6 4.3 4.3 3.4 4.4 5.4 3.4 2.4
ii. Obtain the five year moving average.

iii. Construct also the 4-year centred moving average.
49. Construct 5-year Moving averages from the following data of the number of industrial failure in a country [3]
during 2003-2018:
Year No. of Failures Year No. of Failure
2003 23 2011 9
2004 26 2012 13
2005 28 2013 11
2006 32 2014 14
2007 20 2015 12
2008 12 2016 9
2009 12 2017 3
2010 10 2018 1
50. Coded monthly sales figures of a particular brand of T.V. for 18 months commencing January 1, 2017 are as [3]
follows:
Year
Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
2017:
6/8
18 16 23 27 28 19 31 29 35 27 28 24
Year
24 28 29 30 29 22
2018:
Calculate six-monthly moving averages and display these and the original figures on the same graph, using the
same axes for both.
51. The table given below shows the daily attendance in thousands at a certain exhibition over a period of two [3]
weeks:
Week 1 52 48 64 68 52 70 72
Week 2 55 47 61 65 58 75 81
Calculate seven days moving averages and illustrate these and original information on the same graph using the
same scales.
52. The profit of a paper hag manufacturing company (in lakhs of rupees) during each month of a year are: [3]
Month Jan Feb March April May June July August Sept Oct Nov Dec
Profit 1.2 0.8 1.4 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.6 4.8 3.4 1.8 0.8 1.2
Plot the given data on a graph sheet. Calculate the four monthly moving averages and plot these on the same
graph sheet.
53. Fit a straight line trend by the method of least square to the following data on sales (in lakhs) for the period [3]
2011-2018.
Years 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Sales (₹ lakhs) 76 80 130 144 138 120 174 190
54. Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares to the data given below: [3]
Years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Sales (in tones) 9 11 13 12 14 15 17
55. The number of letters, in hundreds, posted in a certain city on each day for a week is given as follows:
[5]
35, 70, 36, 59, 62, 60, 71
Calculate the three days moving averages and display these graphically.
56. Fit a straight line trend by the method of least square for the following data. Also, tabulate the trend values. [5]
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Profit (₹ '000) 114 130 126 144 138 156 164
57. Fit a straight line trend by the method of least squares and tabulate the trend values from the following data: [5]
year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Sales (in ₹ crores) 6.7 5.3 4.3 6.1 5.6 7.9 5.8 6.1
Section D
58. The following data shows the percentage of rural, urban, and suburban Indians who have a high-speed internet [4]
connection at home.
Year Rural Urban Suburban
2001 3 9 9
7/8
2002 6 18 17
2003 6 21 23
2004 16 29 29
2005 24 38 40
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

i. A straight line trend by the method of least square for the rural Indians is
a. yt = 11.6 + 5.2x
b. yt = 23.6 + 4.8x
c. yt = 13.2 + 4.5x
d. yt = 27.8 + 5.7x
ii. A straight line trend by the method of least square for the urban Indians is
a. yt = 23.6 + 4.8x
b. yt = 23 + 6.9x
c. yt = 23 + 7.8x
d. yt = 23 + 8.9x
iii. A straight line trend by the method of least square for the suburban Indians, is
a. yt = 23.6 + 8.2x
b. yt = 23 + 6.9x
c. yt = 23.6 + 7.4x
d. yt = 23 + 7.4x
iv. What is the forecast for the year 2006 for the urban groups using the trend equation?
a. 58.6%
b. 43.7%
c. 37.2%
d. 27.2%
v. What is the forecast for the year 2006 for the rural groups using the trend equation?
a. 45.8%
b. 43.7%
c. 37.2%
d. 27.2%
8/8
Class-12 Subject-Applied Mathematics (Formula)
Ch-11 Index Numbers & Time based Data
 Moving Averages formula
If x1, x2, x3 ……………..xn is the given annual time series, then (i) 3-yearly moving Averages
(ii) 5-yearly moving Averages
(iii) 4-yealy moving average [4-yearly centred moving Average]
 Method of Least Squares

Equation of trend line, yt = a + bx,
yt = trend value of y
a, b area constant,
x = derivation of time t
∑ ∑
Normal Equations
∑ ∑ ∑
Where
∑
∑
Note-
i) If n is odd, then take middle year as origin.
ii) If n is even, there will be two middle years, take mean of two middle years as origin.
(Perpetuity, Returns)
Important Questions
1 A company establishes a sinking fund to provide for payment of ₹250000 debt, maturing
in 4 years. Contributions to the fund are to be made at the end of each year. Find the
amount of each annual deposit if the interest is 18% per annum.
Sol A = Rs.250000 , n = 4 , r = 18% , i = 0.18 , R = ?

A = R [{(1 + i)^n – 1}/i]
250000 = R [{(1 + 0.18)^4 – 1}/0.18]
R = (250000 x 0.18)/(1.18)^4 – 1
Let,
x = (1.18)^4
log x = 4 log (1.18)
= 4 x 0.0719
= 0.2876
x = antilog (0.2876)
x = 1.939
Now,
R = 45000/1.939 – 1
R = 45000000/0939
R = Rs.47923.32
2 A firm anticipates a capital expenditure of Rs.50000 for new equipment in 5 years. How
much should be deposited quarterly in a sinking fund carrying 12% per annum
compounded quarterly to provide for the purchase?
A = Rs.50000, n= 5×4=20, r=12/4% =3% , i = 3/100 = 0.03 , R = ?
Sol A = R [{(1 + i)^n – 1}/i]
50000 = R [{(1 + 0.03)^20 – 1}/0.03]
R = (50000 x 0.03)/(1.03)^20 – 1
Let,
x = (1.03)^20
log x = 20 log (1.03)
= 20 x 0.0128
= 0.256
x = antilog (0.256)
x = 1.803
Now,
R = (50000 x 0.03)/(1.803 – 1)
R = (50000 x 3 x 1000)/(803 x 100)
R = Rs.1868
3 A firm anticipates a capital expenditure of Rs.50000 for new equipment in 5 years. How
much should be deposited quarterly in a sinking fund carrying 12% per annum
compounded quarterly to provide for the purchase?
A = Rs.50000, n= 5×4=20, r=12/4% =3% , i = 3/100 = 0.03 , R = ?
Sol A = R [{(1 + i)^n – 1}/i]
50000 = R [{(1 + 0.03)^20 – 1}/0.03]
R = (50000 x 0.03)/(1.03)^20 – 1
Let,
x = (1.03)^20
log x = 20 log (1.03)
= 20 x 0.0128
= 0.256
x = antilog (0.256)
x = 1.803
Now,
R = (50000 x 0.03)/(1.803 – 1)
R = (50000 x 3 x 1000)/(803 x 100)
R = Rs.1868
4 Find the present value of a perpetuity of Rs.500 payable at the end of each quarter if money
is worth 8% per annum.
Sol R = Rs.500 , r = 8% , i = 8/(100×4) = 0.02
P = R/i
P = 500/0.02
P = 50000/2 = Rs.25000
5 What amount is received at the end of every 6 months forever, if Rs.72000 kept in a bank
earns 8% per annum compounded half-yearly?
Sol P = Rs.72000 , r = 8% , i = 8/(100×2) = 0.04
P = R/i
72000 = RX100/0.04
R = 288000/100 = Rs.2880
6 A man wants to deposit a lump sum amount so that an annual scholarship of Rs.3000 is
paid. The rate of interest is 5% per annum. Calculate the lump sum amount required, if the
scholarship is to start at the end of this year and continue forever.
R = Rs.3000 , r = 5% , i = 5/(100×1) = 1/20
Sol P = R/i
P = 3000/20
P = Rs.60000
7 A machine costing ₹30000 is expected to have a useful life of 13 years and a final scrap
value of ₹4000. Find the annual depreciation charge using the straight-line method.
Cost = Rs.30000, useful life = 13, scrap value = Rs.4000
Sol Annual depreciation
= (Cost – Scrap value)/useful life
Therefore,
Annual depreciation = (30000 – 4000)/13
= 26000/13
= Rs.2000
8 A vehicle costing ₹900000 has a scrap value of Rs.270000. If the annual depreciation
charge is Rs.70000, find its useful life in years.
Sol Cost = Rs.900000, useful life = ?, scrap value = Rs.270000,
Dep. = Rs.70000
Annual depreciation
Therefore,
70000 = (900000 – 270000)/useful life
Useful life = 630000/70000
= 9years
9 A machine has a scrap value of Rs.22500 after 15 years of its purchase. If the annual
depreciation charge is ₹8500, find its original cost using the linear method.
Cost = ?, useful life = 15, scrap value = Rs.22500,
Sol Dep. = Rs.8500
Annual depreciation
Therefore,
8500 = (Cost – 22500)/15
127500 + 22500 = Cost
SO,
Original Cost = Rs.150000
10 Find the effective rate of return which is equivalent to a stated rate of 8% compounded
quarterly. [Use (1.02)^4 = 1.0824]
Sol p = 4, r = 8%
r (eff) = [[1 + r/100p]^p – 1] x 100%
= [[ 1 + 8/400]^4 – 1] x 100%
= [[1.02]^4 – 1] x 100%
= [1.0824 – 1 ] x 100%
= [0.0824] x 100%
= 8.24%
11 Find the effective rate of return equivalent to the declared rate of 12% compounded
(i) semiannually (ii) quarterly (iii) monthly (iv) continuously
[Use (1.06)^2 = 1.1236, (1.03)^4 = 1.1255 and (1.01)^12 = 1.1268,
e^0.12 = 1.1275]
(i) p = 2, r = 12%
Sol r (eff) = [[1 + r/100p]^p – 1] x 100%
= [[ 1 + 12/200]^2 – 1] x 100%
= [[212/200]^2 – 1] x 100%
= [[1.06]^2 – 1] x 100%
= 0.1236 x 100%
= 12.36%
(ii) p = 4, r = 12%
r (eff) = [[1 + r/100p]^p – 1] x 100%
= [[ 1 + 12/400]^4 – 1] x 100%
= [[1.03]^4 – 1] x 100%
= 0.1255 x 100%
= 12.55%
(iii) p = 12, r = 12%
r (eff) = [[1 + r/100p]^p – 1] x 100%
= [[ 1 + 12/1200]^12 – 1] x 100%
= [[1.007]^12 – 1] x 100%
= 0.0873 x 100%
= 8.73%
(iv) r = 12%
R (eff) = [e^r – 1] x 100%
= [e^0.12 – 1] x 100%
= [1.1275 – 1] x 100%
= 0.1275 x 100%
= 12.75%
12 Mr. Deepanshu wants to invest Rs.10000 for 5 years. He has two options. The first option
fetches him a return of 8% compounded semiannually and the second option fetches him
a return of 7.5% compounded quarterly. Which investment option should he go for? [Use
(1.04)^2 = 1.0816 and (1.01875)^4 = 1.0771]
First option:
Sol r = 8%, p = 2
r (eff) = [[1 + r/100p]^p – 1] x 100%
= [[ 1 + 8/200]^2 – 1] x 100%
= [(1.04)^2 – 1] x 100%
= 0.0816 x 100%
= 8.16%
Second option:
r = 7.5%, p = 4
r (eff) = [[1 + r/100p]^p – 1] x 100%
= [[ 1 + 7.5/400]^4 – 1] x 100%
= [(1.01875)^4 – 1] x 100%
= 0.0771 x 100%
= 7.71%
Hence, the first option is better for Deepanshu.
13 Mr. Mohan invested Rs.5000 in a fund at the beginning of the year 2018 and by the end of
the year 2018 his investment was worth Rs.9000. Next year market crashed and he lost
Rs.3000 and ended up with Rs.6000 at the end of the year 2019. Next year i.e. 2020 he
gained Rs.4500 and ended up with Rs.10500 at the end of the year. Find the CAGR of his
investment.
P.V.= Rs.5000
Sol F.V = Rs.10500
n=3
CAGR = [(F.V/P.V)^1/n – 1 ] x 100%
= [(5000/10500)^1/3 – 1 ] x 100%
= [(2.1)^1/3 – 1 ] x 100%
Let, x= (2.1)^1/3
Log x = 1/3 log 2.1
= 1/5 x 0.3222
= 0.1074
x = antilog (0.1074)
x = 1.280
CAGR = [1.280 – 1] x 100%
= 28%
14 A person invests Rs.10000 in 10% Rs.100 shares of a company available at a premium of

Rs.25. Find his rate of return.
Sol Cost of investment = Rs.10000
Market value of share = 100 + 25 = Rs.125
Therefore,
No. of shares = 10000/125 = 80
Annual dividend earned = 80 x 10/100 x 100
= Rs.800
Therefore,
Rate of return = 800/10000 x 100 = 8%
15 A person invested Rs.200000 in a fund for one year. At the end of the year, the investment
was worth Rs.216000. Calculate his rate of return.
Investment at the end = Rs.216000
Therefore,
Rate of return = [(216000 – 200000)/200000] x 100
= 16000/200000 x 100
= 8%
16 A man invests a sum of money in Rs.100 shares paying a 15% dividend quoted at a 20%
premium. If his annual dividend is Rs.540, calculate the rate of return on his investment.
Let investment be x
Sol Market value of per share= 100+20 = Rs.120
Therefore,
No. of shares = x/120
Annual dividend earned = No. of share x rate of dividend x face value per share
540 = x/120 x 15/100 x 100
64800/15 = x
X = Rs.4320
Therefore,
Rate of return = 540/4320 x 100
= 12.5%
17 A company declared a dividend of 14%. Find the market value of ₹50 shares, if the
return on the investment was 10%.
Sol Rate of dividend = 14%
F.V = Rs.50
Dividend = 14% of 50
= 14/100 x 50
= Rs.7
Return on investment = 10%
So,
Rs.10 return on F.V = Rs.100
Rs.1 return on F.V = Rs.100/10
Rs.7 return on F.V = Rs.100/10 x 7
= Rs.70
Therefore,
F.V = Rs.70
18 Mr. Verma invested Rs.18000 on Rs.100 shares at a discount of Rs.25 paying a 12%
dividend. At the end of the year, he sells the shares at a discount of Rs.10. Find his rate of
return.
Market value of share = 100 – 25 = Rs.75
Therefore,
No. of shares = 18000/75 = 240
Annual dividend earned = 240 x 12/100 x 100
= Rs.2880
As Mrs. Verma sells his share at a discount of Rs.10
Therefore,
Value of shares = Rs.90
Selling value of 240 share = 240 x 90
= Rs.21600
Here,
D1 = Rs.2880, P1 = Rs.21600, P0 = Rs.18000
Therefore,
Rate of return = [{D1 + (P1 – P0)}/P0] X 100
= [2880 + (21600 – 18000)]/18000 X 100
= 6480/18000 X 100
= 36%
CLASS – 12 , SUBJECT – APPLIED MATHEMATICS
WorkSheet LPP
Imporant Questions
1
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
3
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Very Short Answer Questions [1 mark]

1
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
3
Sol
Short Answer Questions-I [2 marks]

1
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
Sol
Short Answer Questions-II [3 marks]

3
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
WorkSheet LPP
Long Answer Questions [5 marks]

1
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol
WorkSheet LPP
Sol 15 packets of food P and 20 packets of food Q, minimum amount of vitamin A is 150 units
5
Sol Minimum cost of food mixture is `38, when 2kg of Food I and 4 kg of food II are mixed

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Class-12 Subject-Applied Mathematics (Formula)

Ch-1 Number, Quantification & Numerical Applications

(n) (Euler’s phi function) = {

Properties of Euler’s totient function-

C.P of chapter ‘c’ C.P. of dearer ‘d’

Mean Price ‘m’

Boat & Streams-

Pipe & Cisterns

Case-II When x > y

NUMBERS QUANTIFICATION AND NUMERICAL APPLICATION

a) {4, 8, 12, ...} b) {4, 11, 18, ...}

c) {11, 18, 25, ...} d) {1, 8, 15, ...}

21. Evaluate: 360 (mod 7) [2]

26. Show that 2 2

31. Find the unit digit in 183! + 3183. [2]

33. If x is an odd integer, prove that x2 ≡ 1 (mod 8). [2]

40. Find the remainder when 2100 is divided by 11. [2]

45. Prove that: 5700 ≡ 6 (mod 23) [3]

46. Solve: 55x ≡ 66 (mod 77) [3]

49. What is the remainder when 3287 is divided by 23? [5]

Row Column Zero Square Rectangular

3) (i) (A1)1 =A Transpose (ii) (A B)1 = A1 B1

(iii) (AB)1 = B1A1

Symmetric Matrix Skew Symmetric

If a = 4 and b = −2, based on the above information answer the following:

6. What is the value of (AT)T?

7. What is the value of (bA)T?

a) |A-1| = |A|-1 b) (AT)-1 = (A-1)T

c) (A2)-1 = (A-1)2 d) |A| ≠ 0

a) symmetric matrix b) skew-symmetric matrix

c) scalar matrix d) diagonal matrix

15. If A satisfies the equation x3 - 5x2 + 4x + λ = 0, then A-1 exists it [1]

a) singular b) not defined

a) only AB is defined b) only BA is defined

c) AB and BA both are defined d) AB and BA both are not defined

a) a diagonal matrix b) symmetric matrix

c) an upper triangular matrix d) a skew-symmetric matrix

25. If A is a square matrix such that A2 = A, then (I + A)3 - 7A is equal to [1]

a) -6, -4, -9 b) -6, 12, 18

c) -6, -12, -18 d) -6, 4, 9

29. Assertion (A): If [

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

30. Assertion (A): If A = [

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

31. Assertion (A): If A = [

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Reason (R): AB is symmetric matrix, if matrix multiplication of A with B is commutative.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

38. Find the adjoint of matrix [

42. Solve the following system of equations using Cramer's rule:

44. Give an example of: [2]

46. Construct a 2× 2 matrix A = [aij] whose element aij is given by:

51. Solve the system of the linear equations by Cramer's rule:

58. Solve the system of equations by matrix method:

capacity of each truck in terms of 3 types of vehicles is given as follows:

Ounces per pound of Nutrient

Fertilizer I 0.5 0 0.5 0

II 0.2 0.3 0 0.5

X=[ ] [ ] Area of triangle = | |

Only applicable for square

information given above, answer the following questions:

1. What are the equations in terms of X and Y?

a) Det (B-1) b) Det (B)