Hyperbola

Learning Outcomes
• Illustrate the geometric definition of a
hyperbola
• Determine the standard form of the equation
of a hyperbola
• Graph the hyperbola in rectangular coordinate
system
• Solve real-life problems involving hyperbolas
Definition
o A hyperbola is a set of points
on the coordinate plane such
that the absolute value of the
difference of the distances of any point from
the two fixed points is constant.
o The fixed point are called the foci, denoted by
𝐹1 and 𝐹2.
o Transverse axis – the line that connects the vertices
o Conjugate axis – the line that connects the covertices
 Equation of the Hyperbola
• The equation of the hyperbola is the second-
degree polynomial in two variables, that is,

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0

where 𝐴, 𝐶, 𝐷, 𝐸, 𝐹 ∈ ℝ and 𝐴𝐶 < 0.

Standard Form of the Equation of the Hyperbola
Equation Center Orientation

𝑥2 𝑦2
𝑎2
− 𝑏2
=1

𝑦2 𝑥 2
2
− 2=1
𝑎 𝑏

(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
𝑎2
− 𝑏2
=1

(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Standard Form of the Equation of the
Hyperbola
• Center at (0, 0)
𝑥2 𝑦2
2 − 2 = 1 (horizontally – oriented)
𝑎 𝑏
𝑦2 𝑥2
2 − 2 = 1 (vertically – oriented)
𝑎 𝑏
• Center at (h, k)
(𝑥−ℎ)2 (𝑦−𝑘)2
2 − 2 = 1 (horizontally – oriented)
𝑎 𝑏
(𝑦−𝑘)2 (𝑥−ℎ)2
2 − 2 = 1 (vertically – oriented)
𝑎 𝑏
Horizontally - Oriented Vertically - Oriented
Given the center (h, k) and the values
of a, b, and c
Horizontally - oriented Vertically-oriented
Vertices 𝒉 ± 𝒂, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒂
Covertices 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒃 𝒉 ± 𝒃, 𝒌
Foci 𝒉 ± 𝒄, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒄
Directrices 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝒙=𝒉± 𝒚=𝒌±
𝒄 𝒄
Asymptotes 𝒃 𝒂
𝒚−𝒌=± 𝒙−𝒉 𝒚−𝒌=± 𝒙−𝒉
𝒂 𝒃

Transverse axis = 2a 𝒄 𝟐 = 𝒂 𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
Conjugate axis = 2b
𝟐𝒃𝟐
Length of the latus rectum = 𝒂
Example For the following items, identify the coordinates of
the center, vertices, covertices, foci, and the equations of the
directrices and asymptotes of the hyperbola. Then sketch the
graph.
x2 y2
1. 16
−
4
=1
(y−1)2 x+5 2
2. 20
−
16
=1
2 2
3. 9x − 4y − 18x − 16y − 43 = 0
4. 16y 2 − 4x 2 + 24x − 100 = 0
 𝐱𝟐 𝐲𝟐
𝟏. − =𝟏
𝟏𝟔 𝟒
Horizontal Vertical

Equation: (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐

Standard − =𝟏 − =𝟏
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Form
Vertices 𝒉 ± 𝒂, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒂
Covertices 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒃 𝒉 ± 𝒃, 𝒌
Foci 𝒉 ± 𝒄, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒄
Directrices 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝒙= 𝒉± 𝒚 = 𝒌±
𝒄 𝒄
Asymptotes 𝒃 𝒂
𝒚−𝒌=± 𝒙−𝒉 𝒚−𝒌= ± 𝒙−𝒉
𝒂 𝒃
Length of 𝟐𝒃𝟐
Latus Rectum 𝒂

Transverse 2a
axis
Conjugate 2b
axis
 (𝒚 − 𝟏)𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟐
𝟐. − =𝟏
𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟔
Horizontal Vertical

Equation: (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐

Standard − =𝟏 − =𝟏
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Form
Vertices 𝒉 ± 𝒂, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒂
Covertices 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒃 𝒉 ± 𝒃, 𝒌
Foci 𝒉 ± 𝒄, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒄
Directrices 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝒙=𝒉± 𝒚= 𝒌±
𝒄 𝒄
Asymptotes 𝒃 𝒂
𝒚−𝒌=± 𝒙−𝒉 𝒚−𝒌= ± 𝒙−𝒉
𝒂 𝒃
Length of 𝟐𝒃𝟐
Latus Rectum 𝒂

Transverse 2a
axis
Conjugate 2b
axis
3. 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟔𝐲 − 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟎
 3. 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖𝐱 − 𝟏𝟔𝐲 − 𝟒𝟑 = 𝟎
Horizontal Vertical

Equation: (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐

Standard − =𝟏 − =𝟏
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Form
Vertices 𝒉 ± 𝒂, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒂
Covertices 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒃 𝒉 ± 𝒃, 𝒌
Foci 𝒉 ± 𝒄, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒄
Directrices 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝒙= 𝒉± 𝒚 = 𝒌±
𝒄 𝒄
Asymptotes 𝒃 𝒂
𝒚−𝒌=± 𝒙−𝒉 𝒚−𝒌= ± 𝒙−𝒉
𝒂 𝒃
Length of 𝟐𝒃𝟐
Latus Rectum 𝒂

Transverse 2a
axis
Conjugate 2b
axis
𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎
 𝟒. 𝟏𝟔𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝟒𝐱 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟎
Horizontal Vertical

Equation: (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐲 − 𝐤)𝟐 (𝐱 − 𝐡)𝟐

Standard − =𝟏 − =𝟏
𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐 𝐚𝟐 𝐛𝟐
Form
Vertices 𝒉 ± 𝒂, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒂
Covertices 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒃 𝒉 ± 𝒃, 𝒌
Foci 𝒉 ± 𝒄, 𝒌 𝒉, 𝒌 ± 𝒄
Directrices 𝒂𝟐 𝒂𝟐
𝒙=𝒉± 𝒚= 𝒌±
𝒄 𝒄
Asymptotes 𝒃 𝒂
𝒚−𝒌=± 𝒙−𝒉 𝒚−𝒌= ± 𝒙−𝒉
𝒂 𝒃
Length of 𝟐𝒃𝟐
Latus Rectum 𝒂

Transverse 2a
axis
Conjugate 2b
axis
Finding the Equations of the Hyperbola Given Conditions
Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at the origin,
length of the vertical conjugate axis is 6, and the length of the
transverse axis is 16.
 Finding the Equations of the
Hyperbola Given Conditions
Find the equation of the hyperbola with center
at the origin, length of the vertical conjugate
axis is 6, and the length of the transverse axis is
16.
Finding the Equations of the Hyperbola Given Conditions
Find the equation of the hyperbola with center at (0,0), one of
the endpoint of the conjugate axis at ( - 3, 0) and one focus at
(0, 13)
 Finding the Equations of the
Hyperbola Given Conditions
Find the equation of the hyperbola with center
at (0,0), one of the endpoint of the conjugate
axis at ( - 3, 0) and one focus at (0, 13)
Finding the Equations of the Hyperbola Given Conditions
Find the equation of the hyperbola with foci at at (-1, 7)and (-1, -3),
and with 8 as the length of the conjugate axis.
 Finding the Equations of the
Hyperbola Given Conditions
Find the equation of the hyperbola with foci at
at (-1, 7)and (-1, -3), and with 8 as the length of
the conjugate axis.
 Problem Solving
• A 150-meter hyperbolic cooling tower is designed
in such a way that the diameter of the top is 80
meters. The closest points along the tower are
50 meters apart which are at a distance of 60
meters below the top. Find the equation of the
hyperbola that models the sides of the cooling
tower. Assume the center of the hyperbola is at
the origin. Let the line that contains the closest
points be the major axis which is along the
horizontal axis of the coordinate plane.
A 150-meter hyperbolic cooling tower is designed in such a way that the diameter of the
top is 80 meters. The closest points along the tower are 50 meters apart which are at a
distance of 60 meters below the top. Find the equation of the hyperbola that models the
sides of the cooling tower. Assume the center of the hyperbola is at the origin. Let the
line that contains the closest points be the major axis which is along the horizontal axis of
the coordinate plane.