THEORIES ON THE ORIGIN OF

THE UNIVERSE AND THE SOLAR

SYSTEM
Sputnik 1 – first
artificial Earth
satellite by
Soviet Union,
launched in
October 4, 1957.
 Cosmic Microwave Background

Arno Allan Penzias Robert W. Wilson

Best representation of the universe. An

electromagnetic radiation as a remnant from an early
stage of the universe, also known as “relic radiation”
 Origin of the Universe
All the star systems, galaxies,
gases, dusts, including all the
matter and energy that exist at the
present, even those that existed in
the past and will exist in the future,
are contained in the universe. The
universe is so vast that it includes
all of the space and time.
Cosmology-is the study of the
universe

Cosmologists- are experts in

studying the structure and the
changes in the present universe
 Geocentric vs. Heliocentric
Model
• Early Greeks, like Aristotle and Ptolemy
believed that the model of the universe is
geocentric. This model locates the Earth at its
center but was debunked with the discovery
of telescope.
• Galileo discovered that the Earth is not the
center of the universe and later on, further
studies by Nicolaus Copernicus believed the
heliocentric theory, making the Sun as the
center.
The Expanding Universe
 Vesto Slipher Edwin Hubble
Used a 2.5 cm telescope and
Galaxies rotate and move
created Hubble’s law which
apart, spectral lines shift to
states that “Farther away a
red end of the spectrum.
galaxy, the faster it moves away
Later on called “ red shift”
from us”
George Lemaitre
 Big Bang Theory
• Universe began from a single primordial
atom at a definite point in time.

• A tremendous explosion occurred – the

“big bang” which caused the universe to
expand at a great speed. All the matter
and energy in the universe and even space
itself are the results of big bang.
 Steady State Theory
• The steady-state theory holds that the
universe looks, on the whole, the same at all
times and places. The Austrian-British
astronomer Hermann Bondi and the Austrian-
American astronomer Thomas Gold
formulated the theory in 1948. The British
astronomer Fred Hoyle soon published a
different version of the theory based on his
mathematical understanding of the problem.
The Cyclic Model

A universe died to give

birth to a new one.
Theory of Inflation
Multiverse Model

Multiverse – there
are universes
parallel to our
universe.
Milky Way Galaxy
 Origin of the Solar System

Today we know that our solar system

is just one tiny place in the universe.
How did the planets, moons and
asteroids exist?

• Protoplanet Theory
• Capture Theory
• Solar Nebula Theory
• Modern Laplacian Theory
Protoplanet Theory

William Hunter McCrea

-The Sun and the

planets were formed
SIMULTANEOUSLY.
 Capture Theory

Michael Mark Woolfon

 Condensed Solar mass star(Sun) X Lesser mass protostar = Scattered matter +
Sun
 Scattered matter X Sun’s strong gravitational force = Protoplanets
 Protoplanets X Protoplanets = Terrestrial Planets + satellites
 Condensation of Protoplanets = Gaseous Planets + satellites
-The strong gravitational force
of the Sun pulled matter from
the atmosphere
 Solar Nebula Theory

Began with a slowly

rotating nebula. Started Alastair G.W. Cameron
with a disk made of hot
gases and dust cloud.
Modern Laplacian Theory

Pierre-Simon Laplace
Sun and planets were formed from a
rotating nebula which cooled and
collapsed. Condensed into rings,
assumes that the central mass
contained solid dust grains, which
caused the gas to move slowly as
center condensed.