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Synthesis
Applications
Synthesis
One method to prepare silicon nanotubes is using a reactor employing an electric arc without the
use of any catalyst. To ensure purity, the reactor is evacuated and filled with the nonreactive noble
gas argon. The actual formation of the nanotubes relies on the process of chemical vapor deposition.
A more common laboratory-scale method involves the use of germanium, carbon or zinc
oxide nanowires as a template. Silicon, coming typically from either silane or silicon
tetrachloride gas, is then deposited onto the nanowires, and the core is dissolved leaving behind a
silicon tube. The growth of template nanowires, silicon deposition and nanowire etching, and
consequently the geometry of resulting Si nanotubes, can be accurately controlled in the second
method; however, the smallest inner diameter is limited by tens of nanometers.
The conventional vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and solid-liquid-solid (SLS) mechanisms are favorite
techniques to grow one-dimensional silicon nanostructures. However, they usually incorporate only
one type of metal as catalyst and therefore can not be used for growing tubular (hollow) silicon
nanostructures. In a recent attempt, a nickel-gold bilayer catalyst layer has been used to take the
advantage of the uneven growth rate of constituent metal catalysts. Using these modified VLS and
SLS techniques, multiwall silicon nanotubes with a sidewall thickness of few nanometers have been
grown.
Applications