Faculty of Engineering Technology and Science

Division Wide Assessment (DWA)

Academic Year 2016-2017

Semester ☐ Fall ☒ Spring ☐ Summer

Course Code - Name EEL 3003 – Electrical Machines

Program Electrical Engineering Technology

Exam ☐ Exam1 ☐ Exam2 ☒ Final ☐ Make-up

Duration 02 Hours
Version A Solution

Date

Student HCT ID
Student Name

Section

Course Learning Outcomes:

1. Apply basic physical concepts to explain the operation and solve problems related to electrical machines.

2. Explain the principles underlying the performance of three-phase electrical machines.

3. Analyze, operate and test three-phase induction machines.

4. Investigate the performance, design, operation, and testing of the three-phase synchronous machine.

5.

For Examiner’s Use Only

CLO1 CLO2 CLO3 CLO4

Questions 1-3 4-5 6-8 9-11

Marks Allocated 15 15 30 40 100

Marks Obtained

Approved by: Date:

© Faculty of Engineering Technology and Science Page | 1 of 16

 Instructions to Students
 Show all your work.
 Mobile phones and electronic devices are not allowed in exams.
 Sharing of equipment (calculators, eraser, etc.) is not allowed.
 Any information not received is to be assumed and clearly noted.
 Invigilators will not answer any content-related questions.
 Programmable and graphing calculators are not allowed.
 There are 16 pages in this exam package including this cover sheet and a blank page at
the end.
 The separate formula sheet package contains all the reference information required to
complete this exam.

Academic Honesty Statement

In accordance with HCT policy LP201- Academic Honesty

• Students are required to refrain from all forms of academic dishonesty as defined and
explained in HCT procedures and directions from HCT personnel.
• A student found guilty of having committed acts of academic dishonesty may be subject to
one or more of the disciplinary measures as outlined in Article 33 of the Student and
Academic Regulations.
‫إفادة األمانة األكاديمية‬

‫ األمانة األكاديمية‬- LP201 ‫وفقًا لسياسة كليات التقنية العليا‬

‫ كما هو مبيّن وموضح في السياسات واإلجراءات‬،‫• يطلب من الطلبة االمتناع عن كافة أشكال سوء األمانة األكاديمية‬
.‫ والتوجيهات الصادرة من موظفي الكليات‬،‫الخاصة بكليات التقنية العليا‬

‫• في حالة ارتكاب الطالب أي شكل من أشكال سوء األمانة األكاديمية سوف يتعرض الى واحد أو أكثر من التدابير‬
.‫ من األنظمة األكاديمية‬33 ‫التأديبية على النحو المبين في المادة‬

Signature: _____________________________________________

© Faculty of Engineering Technology and Science Page | 2 of 16

Part I [15 Marks]
Q1) Choose the best answer [5 Marks]

1) The electromagnetism law that states “The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is
equal to the negative of the time rate of change of the magnetic flux enclosed by the circuit” is:
o Lenz’s law [1 mark]
o Ohm’s law
o Faraday’s law 
o Ampere’s law

2) An iron core has a length of l and a cross sectional radius of r, and a reluctance of R. If the length
of the core is increased to 4l, the reluctance will be [1 mark]
o 2R
o 4R 
o R/2
o R/4

3) If one magnetic circuit has a larger flux than a second magnetic circuit, then the first circuit has
o a higher flux density [1 mark]
o the same flux density
o a lower flux density
o answer depends on the particular circuit 

4) The measurement unit for relative permeability is [1 mark]

o weber/ampere-turn
o weber/ampere-turn meter
o ampere-turn/weber
o dimensionless 

5) A flux which retained in the core when H is made zero is known as [1 mark]
o mutual flux
o actual flux
o residual flux 
o resultant flux

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Q2) [5 Marks]

A ferromagnetic core with a relative permeability of 2000 is shown. The dimensions are as shown in the
diagram, and the depth of the core is 7 cm. The air gaps on the left and right sides of the core are 0.07 and
0.05 cm, respectively.

a) Draw the equivalent magnetic circuit for the above core. [2 marks]

b) Calculate the reluctance of the left-hand portion of the core, shown with dashed line. Neglect the
air gap length. [3 marks]

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Q3) [5 marks]

The -i relationship for an electromagnetic system is given by:

𝑔2
𝑖=
1.2
For current i = 2 A and air gap length g = 6 cm,

a) derive  as function of i and g [1 mark]

 = (1.2 𝑖)/𝑔2

b) determine the energy of the system, 𝑊𝑓 [1 mark]

 = (1.2 𝑖)/𝑔2 = (1.2 × 2)/(0.06)2 = 666.67 𝑊𝑏 − 𝑇𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠

 
𝑔2 2 𝑔2
𝑊𝑓 = ∫ 𝑖 . 𝑑 = ∫ ( ) . 𝑑 = = 666.67 𝐽
0 0 1.2 2.4

c) determine the coenergy of the system, 𝑊𝑓′ [1 mark]

𝑖 𝑖
0.6𝑖 2
𝑊′𝑓 = ∫  . 𝑑𝑖 = ∫ ((1.2 𝑖)/𝑔 2 ).
𝑑𝑖 = = 666.67 𝐽
0 0 𝑔2

d) calculate the mechanical force, fm, on the moving part using energy of the field [1 mark]

𝜕𝑊𝑓 ( , 𝑔) 2 2𝑔
𝑓𝑚 = −  =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = − = −22,222 𝑁. 𝑚
𝜕𝑔 2.4

e) calculate the mechanical force, fm, on the moving part using co-energy of the field [1 mark]

𝜕𝑊 ′𝑓 (𝑖 , 𝑔) 1.2𝑖 2
𝑓𝑚 = 𝑖 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = − = −22,222 𝑁. 𝑚
𝜕𝑔 𝑔3

© FETS: 201620-EEL3003 Page 5 of 16

Part II [15 Marks]
Q4) Choose the best answer [10 Marks]

1) The ……………………… provides the mechanical power to drive the AC electric generator.
o prime mover  [2 marks]
o slip rings
o commutator
o excitation

2) The magnetic field which has its amplitude changes with time while its position is fixed in space
is a [2 marks]
o rotating field
o fixed field
o pulsating field 
o permanent field

3) The torque in a 3-phase induction motor is produced as a result of [2 marks]

o the interaction of the stator currents with the induced currents in the rotor
o the induced currents in the rotor bars
o the induced electromotive force in the rotor
o the interaction of the induced magnetic field in the rotor with the rotating magnetic field of the
stator 

4) The rotor of the ………………………………… motor is made of Aluminum bars moulded in

the slots of a laminated iron core. [2 marks]
o synchronous
o squirrel-cage 
o salient poles
o wound rotor

5) Which of the following does not belong to an example of a concentrated winding [2 marks]
o field windings for salient-pole synchronous machines
o field windings for D.C. machines
o the armatures of synchronous machines 
o primary and secondary windings of a transformer

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Q5) [5 Marks]

1. A three-phase induction motor has 8 poles and is supplied from a 50 Hz power supply. Calculate
the synchronous speed of the motor. [2 marks]

𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒇 𝟏𝟐𝟎 ×𝟓𝟎

𝒏𝒔 = = = 𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
𝑷 𝟖

2. List three advantages for using distributed windings in electrical machines. [3 marks]

(any three)

1. make better use of the stator or rotor structure

2. improve the mmf waveform

3. smooth out the torque developed by the machine

4. decrease harmonics

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Part III [30 Marks]
Q6) Choose the best answer [10 Marks]

1) The principle of operation of an induction motor is similar to that of a [2 marks]

o synchronous motor
o dc shunt motor
o synchronous generator
o transformer with secondary short circuited 

2) An AC electrical machine with a slip greater than 1 is a [2 marks]

o motor
o generator
o brake 
o transformer

3) In the induction motor per phase equivalent circuit, shown, R2 represents the [2 marks]
o core loss
o stator copper loss
o rotor copper loss 
o stray loss

4) Three-phase induction motors find industrial applications in [2 marks]

o pumps
o conveyors
o winders
o all of the above 

5) A 4-pole three-phase induction motor has a synchronous speed of 78.5 rev/s. The frequency of
the supply to the stator is [2 marks]
o 50 Hz
o 100 Hz
o 25 Hz 
o 12.5 Hz

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Q7) [10 Marks]

The following test results are obtained from a 3-phase, 100 hp, 460 V, 60 Hz, 8-pole, star-connected
squirrel-cage induction machine:

No-load test: 460 V, 60 Hz, 40 A, 4,2 kW

Blocked-rotor test: 100 V, 60 Hz, 140 A, 8 kW

Average dc series resistance per stator phase is 0.076 Ω

a) Find the no-load rotational loss [2 marks]

From the no-load test:

PNL = 4200 W

PRot = PNL – 3 I12 R1

PRot = 4200 – 3 (40)2 (0.076) = 3835.2 W

b) Determine the parameters of the IEEE-recommended equivalent circuit (R1, R2, X1, X2, Xm)
[8 marks]
From the no-load test:

From the locked-rotor test:

© FETS: 201620-EEL3003 Page 9 of 16

 the IEEE-recommended equivalent circuit is:

266 V

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Q8) [10 Marks]

A 3-phase, 208 V, 50 Hz, 20 hp, four-pole induction motor has the following equivalent circuit parameters:

R1 = 0.12 Ω, R2 = 0.1 Ω, X1 = X2 = 0.25 Ω, Xm = 10 Ω

The rotational loss is 300 W. The stator to rotor turns ratio is 1:1

1) Draw the IEEE equivalent circuit of this motor [2 marks]

2) Find the followings at 0.05 slip:

(a) motor current [3 marks]

208
𝑉1 = = 120 𝑉
√3

′ 2
𝑅2 = 𝑎2 𝑅2 = ( 1) × 0.1 = 0.1 𝜴
′ 2
𝑋2 = 𝑎2 𝑋2 = ( 1) × 0.25 = 0.25 𝜴
𝑗𝑋𝑚 ( 𝑅2′ /𝑆 + 𝑗 𝑋2′ )
𝑍1 = 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 +
𝑅2′ /𝑆 + 𝑗 ( 𝑋𝑚 + 𝑋2′ )

0.1
𝑗 10 ( + 𝑗 0.25 )
𝑍1 = 0.12 + 𝑗 0.25 + 0.1
0.05
+ 𝑗 ( 10 + 0.25 )
0.05

−2.5 +𝑗 20
𝑍1 = 0.12 + 𝑗 0.25 + = 1.95 + 𝑗 0.85 = 2.13 𝛺 ∠ 23.55
2+𝑗 10.25

𝑉1 120
𝐼1 = = = 56.34 𝐴 ∠ − 23.55
𝑍1 2.13 ∠23.55

(b) stator copper loss [1 mark]

P1 = 3 I12 R1 = 3 (56.34)2 (0.12) = 1143 W

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 (c) air gap power [1 mark]

𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 3 𝑉1 𝐼1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3 × 120 × 56.35 × cos 23.55 = 18596 𝑊

𝑃𝑎𝑔 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃1 = 17453 𝑊

(d) rotor copper loss [1 mark]

𝑃2 = 𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑔 = 0.05 × 17453 = 872.7 𝑊

(e) mechanical power developed [1 marks]

𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ = (1 − 𝑠) 𝑃𝑎𝑔 = (1 − 0.05) × 17467.95 = 16580 𝑊

(f) motor efficiency [1 mark]

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ − 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 16580 − 300 = 16280 𝑊

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 16280
𝜂= = × 100% = 87.5%
𝑃𝑖𝑛 18596

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Part IV [40 Marks]
Q9) Choose the best answer [10 Marks]

1. The rotor of a synchronous machine can be a [2 marks]

o squirrel cage
o salient-pole
o cylindrical
o either cylindrical or salient pole 

2. The voltage regulation of a synchronous generator connected to an inductive load is

o positive  [2 marks]
o negative
o zero
o zero or positive

3. The armature windings of a synchronous machine are [2 marks]

o the windings on the stator 
o the windings on the rotor
o the auxiliary windings
o the field windings

4. The field winding of a synchronous machine is normally fed from an external dc source through
o commutator [2 marks]
o slip rings only
o brushes only
o slip rings and brushes 

5. An instrument used to check if the alternator and the infinite bus have the same voltage,
frequency and phase is [2 marks]
o synchroscope 
o ohmmeter
o voltmeter
o wattmeter

© FETS: 201620-EEL3003 Page 13 of 16

Q10) [15 Marks]

A 480 V, 50 Hz, Y-connected six-pole synchronous generator has a per-phase synchronous reactance of
1.0 . Its full-load armature current is 60 A at 0.8 PF lagging. Its friction and windage losses are 2.5 kW
and core losses are 1.5 kW at 50 Hz at full load. Assume that the armature resistance is ignored. The field
current has been adjusted such that the no-load terminal voltage is 480 V. The generator is connected to a
0.8 PF leading load. Find:
a. the speed of rotation of this generator in rad/s [2 marks]

120 𝑓 120 ×50

𝑛𝑠 = = = 1000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃 6

2𝜋
𝜔𝑠 = 1000 × = 104.7 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60

b. the terminal voltage of the generator if it is loaded with the rated current [4 marks]

480
𝐸𝐴 = = 277 𝑉 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 0.8 ; 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 0.6
√3

𝑉∅ = √ 𝐸𝐴2 − (𝑋𝑠 𝐼𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 + 𝑋𝑠 𝐼𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 308.8 𝑉

𝑉𝑇 = √3 𝑉∅ = 534.9 𝑉

c. the efficiency of this generator (ignoring the unknown electrical losses) when it is operating at the
rated current [4 marks]

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 3 𝑉∅ 𝐼𝐴 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3 × 308.8 × 60 × 0.8 = 44.467 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 44.467 + 2.5 + 1.5 = 48.467 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 44.467
𝜂= = × 100% = 91.75%
𝑃𝑖𝑛 48.467

d. the shaft torque that must be applied by the prime mover at the full load [2 marks]

𝑃𝑖𝑛 48467
𝒯𝑎𝑝𝑝 = = = 462.9 𝑁. 𝑚.
𝜔 104.7

© FETS: 201620-EEL3003 Page 14 of 16

e. the voltage regulation of this generator [3 marks]

𝑉𝑁𝐿 −𝑉𝐹𝐿 480−534.9

𝑉𝑅 = × 100% = × 100% = −10.26%
𝑉𝐹𝐿 534.9

Q11) [15 Marks]

1) Explain the principle of operation of brushless exciters in synchronous machines. [5 marks]

A brushless exciter is a small AC generator whose field circuits are mounted

on the stator and armature circuits are mounted on the rotor shaft. The
exciter generator’s 3-phase output is rectified to DC by a 3-phase rectifier
(mounted on the shaft) and fed into the main DC field circuit.

2) A salient pole synchronous generator has an induced EMF 0f 260 ∠6 V, terminal voltage of 230 V,
direct axis reactance of 1.0 Ω, and quadrature axis reactance of 0.8 Ω. Calculate:

(a) The delivered active power per phase [5 marks]

Vt E f Vt 2 ( X d  X q )
P sin   sin 2
Xd 2X d X q

230  260 2302 (1  0.8)

P sin(6)  sin(12)  6250.8  1374.8  7625.6W
1 2  1  0.8

(b) The delivered reactive power per phase [5 marks]

Vt E f  sin 2  cos 2  
Q cos   Vt 2   
Xd  X q X d 

230  260  sin 2 (6) cos 2 (6) 

Q cos(6)  230 2  
1  0.8 1 

Q  59472.4  53044.5  6427.9 VAR

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