Ex No:

Date:
V/f Speed Control of Three Phase Induction Motor using DSP

Aim:
To control the speed of the three phase Induction Motor driven from a variable
voltage source variable frequency supply (v/f control method) using DSP.

Apparatus and Software Required:

1. Code Composer Studio and MATLAB Software
2. Oscilloscope
3. Three Phase Inverter
4. 3Ø Induction Motor
5. Tachometer
6. DSP

Theory:
The speed control of three phase Induction motor is basically difficult and is
also done at the cost of decrease in efficiency and electrical power factor. There are
various methods for the speed control like Pole changing, Slip recovery, Vector
control, V/f control, Variable Rotor resistance Control. Among V/f control is the most
popular because of its ease-of-implementation.
When supply is given to the three phase induction motor ,a rotating magnetic
field is produced which rotates at synchronous speed given by,
𝑓
𝑁𝑠 = 120 ∗
𝑃
Where, f = frequency and P is the number of Poles. The speed of the Induction motor
is given by,
𝑁 = 𝑁𝑠 (1 − 𝑆)
where S is Slip, N is the speed of the rotor of an Induction Motor,𝑁𝑠 is the synchronous
speed.
In three phase Induction motor emf is induced is similar to the transformer which is
given by
𝑉
V=4.44*K*f*N*𝜙 ⟹ 𝜙 =
4.44∗𝐾∗𝑁∗𝑓

Where K is winding constant, N is Number of Turns per phase and f is Frequency.

If the frequency changes synchronous speed changes but with decrease in frequency,
flux will increase and this change in value of flux causes saturation of rotor and stator
cores which will further cause increase in no load current of the motor. So, to maintain
flux, constant and it is only possible no change voltage. i.e. if decrease frequency flux
increases but at the same time if we decrease voltage flux will also decrease causing

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no change in flux and hence it remains constant, which is easily obtained by using
inverter set.

Experimental Setup:
1. The three phase 50Hz AC mains is supplied to the inverter kit via an auto-
transformer. The three phase inverter includes a three phase diode bridge
rectifier, brake chopper and three phase IGBT based PWM inverter.

2. The PWM pulse is generated from DSP with respect to the reference speed.

3. The pulse output is fed to the inverter through the level shifter.

4. The PWM Inverter varies the frequency of the supply and the voltage is varied
accordingly to keep the ratio constant.

5. The electromagnetic torque is directly proportional to the flux produced by the

stator which is in turn directly proportional to the ratio of the terminal voltage
and the supply frequency.

6. Hence by varying the magnitudes of V and f while keeping the V/f ratio
constant, the flux and hence the torque can be kept constant throughout the
speed range.

7. Even though, for constant flux, the relationship between the applied voltage and
the stator frequency appears linear i.e it does not go through the origin; it need a
small voltage to overcome the stator resistance at zero frequency.

8. Therefore an offset voltage at zero stator frequency to overcome the stator

resistance drop, which is kept an adjustable parameter in the inverter.

9. First the reference speed was set at minimum speed and their rotor speed, no
load current was noted.

10.And then slowly increase the reference speed note down the readings.

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Simulink Diagram:

Experimental setup:

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Tabulation:

Ns Frequency Nr VL IL S1 S2 Torque V/F

(rpm) (Hz) (rpm) (V) (A) (Kg) (Kg) (Nm) ratio

1497 400 1.5 0 0 0 8

1460 380 2 0.5 2 2.08 7.6

1500 50 1445 375 2.5 0.7 3.5 3.84 7.5

1428 370 3 1 4.2 4.39 7.4

1400 365 3.5 1.5 5.1 4.9 7.3

Ns Frequency Nr VL IL S1 S2 Torque V/F

(rpm) (Hz) (rpm) (V) (A) (Kg) (Kg) (Nm) Ratio

998 290 1.2 0 0 0 8.7

975 285 1.8 0.5 1.5 1.37 8.5

960 280 2 0.7 2.5 2.46 8.4

1000 33.33
943 270 2.5 0.9 3.5 3.56 8.1

926 270 3 1 4.5 4.8 8.1

908 260 3.5 1.2 5 5.2 7.8

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 Ns Nr f* VL IL
(rpm) (rpm) (Hz) (V) (A) V/F

1500 1496 50 400 1.5 8

1400 1395 46.67 380 1.6 8.1

1200 1295 40 350 1.7 8.7

1000 997 33.33 330 1.4 9.9

800 796 26.67 290 1.3 10.9

600 595 20 260 1.2 13

Result:
Thus, the speed of three phase Induction motor was controlled by V/f method
using DSP in open loop.

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