SIRINDHORN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF INFORMATION, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY

THAMMASAT UNIVERSITY

LAB REPORT

EES340 ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT 07: Load Test and Inverter Test of Three-Phase Induction Motors

BY

Mr. Supakit Jianmanassuk ID: 6122780594

Mr. Teenawath Thianthamthita ID: 6122780776
Mr. Wasin Vudhivate ID: 6122780909

Section 1
Date: 30/10/2021 Time: 13:00 - 16:00

OBJECTIVES:
● To conduct the load test of a three-phase induction motor.
● To determine the performance characteristics (Speed versus output, Line current
versus output, Slip versus output, Torque versus output, Efficiency versus output,
Power factor versus output).
● To draw the slip versus torque characteristics.
List of apparatus
● Adjustable three-phase ac power supply
● Three-phase induction motor (squirrel-cage)
● three-phase induction motor (wound-rotor)
● Servo brake and control unit
● Digital multimeters
● Digital wattmeter
● Inverter
● Tachometer

Discussion
In this lab, we have primarily focused on understanding how the Induction
motor works so we set up 3 experiments. The first one is the Load Test of a
Three-Phase Induction Motor: Y-Connected Induction Motor. The second one is
the Load Test of a Three-Phase Induction Motor: Three-Phase 𝚫-Connected
Induction Motor. The last one is the Inverter Test on a Y-connected Induction
Motor under No-Load.
An Induction Motor or asynchronous motor is an AC Electric motor. There
are 2 parts of an induction motor stator and rotor. The stator is the stationary part
with the winding. The rotor is the rotating part that sits inside the stator. There will
be a small gap between the rotor and stator, known as an air gap.

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 There are 2 types of rotor: Squirrel Cage Rotor and Wound Type Rotor or
Slip Ring Type Rotor. Different of these two types are the Squirrel Cage Rotor
consists of a cylinder of steel laminations, with aluminum or copper conductors
embedded in its surface. It's given a low torque when compared to other types of
motor but it generates a constant speed for any load and is simple to maintain it’s
made 3 phase squirrel Cage widely used in industries. Wound Type Rotor, this type
of rotor has the windings part connected through slip rings to adjust the resistance
to control the starting torque and reduce the starting current of the motor.

The operation of an induction motor is when A 3 phase AC current passing

through a Stator winding produces a rotating magnetic field. Current will be
induced in the bars of the squirrel cage and it will start to rotate. This lab is divided
into three parts. The first part focus on understanding the concept of the slip with
the Y connection induction motor. The second part focuses on understanding the
concept of the slip as in the previous experiment but is done with different
connections of the system from Y in the previous experiment to the delta at this
experiment. The third part focuses on understanding the relation between rpm
speed and frequency of the induction motor.

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Calculation

1. Phase voltage (volt)

= 𝑉1∅
2. Phase current (amp)
= 𝐼1∅
3. Line voltage (volt)
= 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
4. line current (amp)
= 𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒
5. input power (per-phase) (W)
= 𝑃1∅
6. input power (three-phase) (W)
= 𝑃3∅ = 3𝑃1∅
7. Speed (rpm)
1= 𝑁
8. Torque (Nm)
=𝑇
9. output power (W)
= 𝑇 × (2π𝑁/60)
10. Efficiency (%)
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
= η= 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡
× 100
11. Slip (%)
= 𝑠 = (𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁)/𝑁𝑠 × 100
12. power factor
= 𝑃3∅/ 3𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝐼𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒

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Experimental results

Table 7.1: Load Test on a Three-Phase Y-Connected Induction Motor

No 𝑉1volt 𝐼1amp 𝑃1∅ 𝑁 𝑇 Nm Input Output % Eff. Power % Slip

watt RPM kW kW η Factor

1 220 0.9 44.8 1479 0 0.1344 0 0 0.000226 1.4%

2 219.7 0.9 52.9 1477 0.2 0.1587 0.0313 19.71% 0.000268 1.4%

3 219.5 0.9 61.3 1470 0.4 0.1839 0.0617 33.57% 0.00031 2%

4 219.7 0.9 69.9 1464 0.6 0.2097 0.0921 43.94% 0.000354 2.4%

5 219.7 0.9 79.3 1459 0.8 0.2379 0.1224 51.45% 0.000401 2.7%

6 219.7 0.9 88.3 1452 1.0 0.2649 0.1524 57.51% 0.000447 3.2%

7 219.9 0.9 96.5 1446 1.2 0.2895 0.1819 62.82% 0.000488 3.6%

8 218.9 0.9 106.0 1438 1.4 0.318 0.2111 66.39% 0.000538 4.1%

9 219.1 0.9 114.1 1431 1.6 0.3423 0.2398 70.05% 0.000579 4.6%

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Table 7.2: Load Test on a Three-Phase Δ-Connected Induction Motor

No 𝑉1volt 𝐼1amp 𝑃1∅ 𝑁 𝑇 Nm Input Output % Eff. Power % Slip

watt RPM kW kW η Factor

1 221.1 1.6 170.8 1484 0 0.1708 0 0 0.27875 1.1%

2 222.2 1.6 194.1 1480 0.2 0.1941 0.0310 15.97% 0.31521 1.3%

3 221.9 1.6 219.3 1475 0.4 0.2193 0.0618 28.17% 0.35662 1.7%

4 221.5 1.6 245.8 1468 0.6 0.2458 0.0922 37.53% 0.40043 2.1%

5 221.7 1.6 271.8 1463 0.8 0.2718 0.1226 45.09% 0.44239 2.5%

6 221.5 1.6 299 1454 1.0 0.2990 0.1523 50.92% 0.4871 3.1%

7 220.9 1.6 325.1 1446 1.2 0.3251 0.1822 56.03% 0.53106 3.6%

8 220.7 1.7 353.5 1438 1.4 0.3535 0.2108 59.64% 0.54397 4.1%

9 220.5 1.7 381 1431 1.6 0.3810 0.2404 63.09% 0.58682 4.6%

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Table 7.3: Inverter Test on a Y-Connected Induction Motor under No-Load

No 𝑓 𝑉1 𝐼1 𝑃1∅ 𝑁
Hz volt amp watt RPM

1 50 229.4 0.4 24.1 1486

2 45 210.9 0.4 21.8 1337

3 40 190 0.4 19.5 1187

4 35 170.2 0.4 17.8 1038

5 30 149.2 0.4 16.2 888.8

6 25 134 0.4 14.6 739.3

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Analysis
1. For the Y- and Δ-connected load tests, draw the following graphs:
- Speed versus output power
- Current versus output power
- Slip versus output power
- Torque versus output power
- Efficiency versus output power
- Power factor versus output power
- Slip versus torque
Ans

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2. Referring to the load test data, explain how the speed, efficiency, slip, and power
factor of the machine varies with load.
Ans The speed decreased with load, while the slip, efficiency, and power factor
increased with a load. This is the same for Y-connected and Delta-connected loads.

3. What was the no-load current? Calculate its percentage compared to the rated
load current. Explain.
Ans No-load current can be obtained from the table in part 3 to be 0.4 A, while the
full load, can be obtained from the table in part 1 to be 0.9 A, because this is the
result for Y-connected load.
0.9−0.4
%𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 0.9
× 100% = 55. 56%

4. Using the test results, at 50% rated power calculate the synchronous speed, rotor
speed, and rotor frequency, write the formula used.
Ans I don’t know

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5. For the inverter test draw the following graphs:
- Speed versus frequency
- Speed versus input power
- Speed versus current
- Speed versus voltage
Ans

6. Evaluate the effect of the frequency on the speed and the terminal voltage.
Ans frequency is directly proportional to the speed and voltage. And they are
linearly related.

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Question
1. Why should the power factor be high? Write the torque equation to explain
how the motor torque changes with power factor.
Ans From the equation below, torque T is proportional to power factor pf. So, if pf
is high then torque will also be high, and this is why pf should be high.
2π𝑁
𝑇 60
= 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = η𝑃𝑖𝑛 = η(𝑝𝑓)𝑆
2π𝑁
∴𝑇 60
= η(𝑝𝑓)𝑆

2. Compare a squirrel-cage and slip-ring (wound) induction motor.

Ans

Wound Motor Squirrel Cage Motor

Construction Brushes Fixed bars
Cost Higher Cheaper
Maintenance cost Higher Cheaper
External resistance Yes No
circuit
Speed control Yes No
(because there is a (because there is no
resistance circuit) resistance circuit)
Starting torque Higher Lower
Copper loss Higher Lower
Efficiency Lower Higher
Power factor Lower Higher

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3. How can we adjust the speed of an induction motor?
Ans We can control the speed by changing the frequency or by adjusting the
supply voltage. Alternatively, we can add a volume into the stator circuit to control
the current.

Conclusion
From the objective of this lab To conduct the load test of a three-phase
induction motor which consists of (i) Load Test of a Three-Phase Induction Motor:
Y-Connected Induction Motor and (ii) Load Test of a Three-Phase Induction
Motor: Three-Phase 𝚫-Connected Induction Motor, to determine input-output
power efficiency power factor and the slip. The last lab Inverter Test on a
Y-connected Induction Motor under No-Load is for more understanding of the
relationship between rpm speed and frequency of the induction motor.

Suggestion and recommendation

For recommendation, this lab is better done in a real environment and with
real equipment, it will make more understanding of how induction motors work but
since the covid situation, we understand why the lab looks like this. At the last, we
hope we can go to an on-site study as soon as possible.

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References
[1] ECSEES 307 Lab 7, [Online]. Available:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wZfuVvhXYaQM6wSUmGibYxk33nxg
bGm4RcC2i2Z0h2Y/edit. [Accessed 3 November 2021].
[2] Squirrel Cage Motor, [Online]. Available:
https://www.electrical4u.com/squirrel-cage-induction-motor/.
[Accessed 7 November 2021].
[3] Load test on three-phase induction motor (with panel), [Online]. Available:
http://bhagwantuniversity.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/LOAD_TEST_O
N_INDUCTION_MOTOR__DOL__WITH_PANEL_.pdf.
[Accessed 7 November 2021].
[4] Wound Motors, [Online]. Available:
https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/alternating-current/chpt-13/wound-r
otor-induction-motors/. [Accessed 7 November 2021].

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