Direct load test on a DC shunt motor

EXPERIMENT NO. 04

AIM :
To perform direct load test on a DC shunt motor and plot the variation
of(a)Input current (b) speed (c) torque (d) efficiency V/s output power.

APPARATUS:

S.NO. TYPE RANGE QUANTITY

01 Voltmeter 0-300 V 01
02 Ammeter 0-15 A 01
03 Rheostat 355 Ω/1.6 A 01
04 Tachometer 2000 rpm 01
Machine specifications:

1. DC MOTOR
Power=3BHP
Winding =COMP
Speed=1450 rpm
0-300V
Voltage=220V
230V RATED current=12.5 A

CIRCUIT DIGRAM:
0-15A
THEORY :-

The load test is conducted to determine the efficiency of a shunt motor by

actually loading it. Motors are used to convert electrical power into mechanical
power .If the motor is loaded by a belt and pulley arrangement and if W 1 and W2
are the tensions in kg on the two sides of the belt. The torque is given by :

Kg.m

Where ‘r’ is the effective radius of the pulley in meters

The mechanical output is given by:

Output Power = watts

Output Power = HP

Where ‘N’ being the speed of motor in rpm

The power input to the motor is given by the product of the voltage applied to
the motor and current drawn by it as:
Input power = (VI) Watts

Efficiency =

The speed regulation of a DC motor is defined as the percentage change in the

speed at rated load. When the load is reduced to zero, that is

Speed regulation = %

The speed regulation can be determined experimentally by keeping the change

in load on the motor shaft gradual.
PROCEDURE:
1. Before switching on the supply no load condition should be ensured on the
motor.
2. The mains are switched on the mains and the setting of the potential divider
rheostat is adjusted such that the voltmeter reads the rated voltage for the
motor.
 3. The motor is started.
4. No load values of input current and speed are recorded.
5. The motor is mow loaded by tightening the belt on the pulley. Current and
speed are recorded after the terminal voltage is checked and adjusted, if
necessary .the readings of spring balance W1 and W2 are also checked.
6. The above step is repeated by gradually increasing the load till about 110%
of rated current of the motor is obtained on the input side.
7. The load is gradually removed in step intervals and motor current as well as
speed are noted.
8. Supply is turned off.
9. Diameter of the pulley is measured and noted down.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. Motor should be brought to no load before switching off in order to avoid
any motor injury.
2. All connections should be perfectly tight and no loose wire should lie on the
work table.
3. Before switching ON the dc supply, ensure that the starter’s moving arm is at
its maximum resistance position.
4. Hold the tachometer with both hands steady and in line with the motor shaft
so that it reads correctly.

OBSERVATION TABLE:-

S.No Supply Input Speed T1 T2 T1-T2 Torque O/P I/P Effi

voltage Current N(rpm) (kg) (kg) (kg) Power Power (η)

RESULT:-

CONCLUSIONS:

Viva Questions:-

1. How do you load the motor in this experiment?

2. What was the assumption made in calculations?
3. What is the condition for maximum torque of a D.C. shunt motor?
4. Why is the starter necessary?
5. What is the power factor of the load used?