AC MOTORS II MANUAL

A.C.
MACHINES LABORATORY PRACTICE-II
EXPERIMENT - 1
BRAKE TEST ON 3-SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
1.1 AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of a 3-Phase squirrel cage induction motor by

conducting brake test.
1.2 APPARATUS:
S.No Name of the Equipment Type Range Quantity
1 Ammeter MI 0 -10 A 1 No
2 Voltmeter MI 0 - 500 V 1 No
3 Wattmeter DM 500V,10A,UPF 2 No
4 Tachometer Digital 1 No
1.3 NAME PLATE DETAILS:
3 - φ Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Starter
H.P/KW : 5 HP 10 HP
Voltage : 415 V 415 V
Current : 7.4 A 13.21 A
Speed : 1440 rpm
TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 1

A.C. MACHINES LABORATORY PRACTICE-II
1.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Fig – 1.1Brake Test on 3- Induction Motor
1.5 PROCEDURE:
1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Start the 3-Φ IM on No Load by using the star delta starter.
3. Note down all meters readings and the speed at no load.
4. Apply mechanical load by tightening the belt on the brake drum and note down
the readings of the meters, spring balances, and the speed.
5. Repeat the above step-4 until the motor draws full load current.
6. Calculate the torque, slip, output, efficiency and power factor for each set of
readings as per the model calculations.
7. Draw the performance curves of o/p Vs, T, N, Ia, and P.f on one graph sheet.

1.6 SPECIMENCALCULATION:
Reading No :3
Loadcurrent I = 5.5 A
Supply Voltage V = 415 V
Input Power W = 2160 Watts
Speed of the motor N = 1448 rpm
Spring balance readings S1 = 15 Kg
S2 = 2.5 Kg
Radius of the drum R= 0.1 m
Torque T = (S1 – S2)×R×9.81 = 12.2 N-m
2 πNT
Motor Output =
60
= 1849.9 W
Output
% Efficiency = × 100 = 85.5%
input
W
Power Factor Cosϕ = = 0.54 lagging
√3 VI
Synchronous Speed Ns = 15000 rpm
Ns−N
% Slip = ×100 = 3.46%
Ns
1.7 TABULAR COLUMN:

Amete Voltm Speed Spring Torque Output = %η = PF = % Slip
rReadi eter Input = W1+W2 (N) Balance T= (S1 - =
S. ng(I) Readin rpm readings S2)×R×g 2 πNT Output W Ns−N
g (V) 60 input √ 3 VI
No
N--m Ns
Amps watts ×100 ×100
S1 S2
Volts W1 W2 W1+W2 (kg) (kg)
1 4.5 415 1120 0 1120 1492 0 0 0 0 0 0.34 0.5
2 5 415 1680 40 1454 11 2 8.8 1339.9 77.8 0.42 3.06
3 5.5 415 2000 100 1448 15 2.5 12.2 1849.9 85.6 0.54 3.46
4 6 415 2240 240 1430 15 2 12.7 1901.8 76.6 0.57 4.66
5 6.5 415 2400 400 1314 17 2 14.7 2002.7 72.2 0.59 12.4
6

1.8 MODEL GRAPHS:
Fig – 1.2Performance on 3- Induction Motor
1.9 RESULT:

1.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. How do you connect the six terminals of the motor as delta or Star?
2. What are the different starting methods used to start induction motors?
3. What is the role of a rotating flux?
4. What is the difference between squirrel cage induction motor and slip ring
induction motor?
5. Why the rotor winding of a slip–ring induction motor should be connected in
star?
1.11 POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of slip-ring induction motor?

2. What is the use of slip-rings in a slip-ring induction motor?
3. Is a slip-ring induction motor is a self start motor or not?
4. Draw the performance characteristics of a slip-ring induction motor?
5. What is the electrical equivalent of mechanical load in an induction motor?
6. What is the speed of an Induction motor for a) 4% slip b) 100% slip?

EXPERIMENT - 2
BRAKE TEST ON 3- SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
2.1 AIM:
To obtain the performance characteristics of a 3-Phase slip ring induction motor by

conducting brake test.
2.2 APPARATUS:
1 Ammeter MI 0 -10 A 1
2 Voltmeter MI 0 - 600 V 1
3 Wattmeter DM 600V,10A 2
4 Tachometer Digital 1

3 - φ Slip ring Induction Motor Starter
H.P/KW :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :

Fig – 2.1Brake Test on 3- Induction Motor
2.5 PROCEDURE:
2. Start the 3-Φ IM on No Load by means of the star delta starter.
3. Note down all meters reading and the speed at no load.
4. Apply mechanical load by tightening the belt on the brake drum and note
down the readings of the meters, spring balances, and the speed.
5. Repeat the above step-4 until the motor draws full load current.
6. Calculate the torque, slip, output, efficiency and power factor for each set
of readings as per the model calculations.
7. Draw the performance curves of o/p Vs, T, N, Ia, and P.f on one graph
sheet.

2.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATION:

Reading No : 6
Loadcurrent I= 7 A
Supply Voltage V= 400 V
Input Power W= 1160 Watts
Speed of the motor N = 1422 rpm
S2 = 8 Kg
Torque T = (S1 – S2)×R×9.81 = 6.86 N-m
2 πNT
Motor Output =
60
= 1021.53 W
Output
% Efficiency = × 100 = 88.6%
input
W
√3 VI
Synchronous Speed Ns = 1500 rpm
Ns−N
% Slip = ×100 = 5.2%
Ns
2.7 TABULAR COLUMN:

Ameter Volt Speed Spring Torque Output = %η = PF = % Slip
Reading meter Input = W1+W2 (N) Balance T= (S1 - =
S. (I) Readin rpm readings S2)×R×g 2 πNT Output W Ns−N
g (V) 60 input √ 3 VI
No
N--m Ns
Amps watts ×100 ×100
S1 S2
Volts W1 W2 W1+W2 (kg) (kg)
1 3 400 200 120 320 1490 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0.66
2 5 400 400 140 540 1455 7 5 1.96 298.63 55.3 0.15 3
3 5.5 400 440 300 740 1440 9 6 2.97 443.34 59.91 0.19 4
4 6 400 480 360 840 1435 10 6 3.92 589.06 70.12 0.20 4.3
5 6.5 400 560 460 1020 1428 12 6 5.88 879.29 86.20 0.22 4.8
6 7 400 600 560 1160 1422 15 8 6.86 1021.5 88.06 0.23 5.2

2.8 MODEL GRAPHS:
Fig – 2.2Performance on 3- Induction Motor
2.9 RESULT:


6. How do you connect the six terminals of the motor as delta or Star?
7. What are the different starting methods used to start induction motors?
8. What is the role of a rotating flux?
9. What is the difference between squirrel cage induction motor and slip ring
induction motor?
10. Why the rotor winding of a slip–ring induction motor should be connected in
star?
2.11 POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

7. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of slip-ring induction motor?
8. What is the use of slip-rings in a slip-ring induction motor?
9. Is a slip-ring induction motor is a self start motor or not?
10. Draw the performance characteristics of a slip-ring induction motor?
11. What is the electrical equivalent of mechanical load in an induction motor?
What is the speed of an Induction motor for a) 4% slip b) 100% slip?

EXPERIMENT - 3
LOAD TEST ON 1- SPLIT TYPE INDUCTION MOTOR
3.1 AIM:
To conduct load test on 1-ϕ split phase induction motor and to draw performance
curves.
3.2 APPARATUS:
S.N
Name of the Equipment Type Range Quantity
o
1 Ammeter MI 0 - 20 A 1
3 Wattmeter DM 300V,20A UPF 1
3.3 NAME PLATE DETAILS :
1 - φ Split Phase Induction Motor :

H.P/KW :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :

Fig – 3.1 Load test on 1- Induction Motor
PROCEDURE :
1. Note down the name plate details of motor.
2. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
3. The supply is given and the motor is started using stater to run at rated speed.
4. At no load the readings of speed, current, voltage and power are noted.
5. By applying the load on the motor in steps upto its full load current the spring
balance readings and the above mentioned readings are noted.
6. While loading the motor, pour the water in the space provided in the drum in
order to cool the pulley.
7. Drecease the load gradually and the motor is switched ‘OFF’.
8. Measure the radius of the brake drum.
9. Apply the rated voltage to the induction motor by varying auto transformer, so
that the machine runs at rated speed.
10. Note down the corresponding Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter readings.

3.5 TABULAR COLUMN:
Ameter Voltmeter Speed Spring Torque T= Output = %η = PF =

Reading Reading Input = W (N) Balance (S1 -
readings S2)×R×g 2 πNT Output W
×10
S.No I (Anps) rpm 60 input VI
V(Volts) N-m
watts 0
Watts *4 S1 S2
(kg) (kg) %
1 10 230 160 1496 0 0 0 0 0 0.06
2 11 230 640 1456 1.3 7 3.355 511.54 79.9 0.252
3 12 230 840 1402 2 9.8 4.5 673.89 80.22 0.304
4 13 230 1160 1390 2.8 11.2 4.94 692.89 59.73 0.387
5
6
3.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATION :

Reading No :2
Loadcurrent I = 11 A
Speed of the motor N= 1456 rpm
Spring balance readings S1 = 1.3 Kg
S2 = 7 Kg
Radius of the drum R = 0.06 m
Torque T = (S1 – S2)×R×9.81 = 3.35 N-m
2 πNT
Motor Output =
60
=511.54W
Output
% Efficiency = × 100 = 79.9%
input
W
Power Factor Cosϕ = =0.25 Lagging
VI

3.7 PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor should be started without any load.

2. The load should not exceed the rated value.
3.8 MODAL GRAPH :
3.9 RESULT:


1. How do you change the direction of rotation?
2. Why star point of the motor is not connected to neutral point of the supply?
3. Does the motor start when supply lines are connected?
4. Draw a two-phase supply waveform & leading current, lagging current with
respect to the voltage.
5. Draw the 3-phase supply waveform & leading current, lagging current, with
respect to the voltage.
3.11 POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS
1. What is the advantage of star-delta starter when compared to D.O.L Starter?

2. For a 6-pole machine what is the value of synchronous speed?
3. Why slip cannot be zero in induction motor.
4. What are the two different types of rotors?

EXPERIMENT - 4
LOAD TEST ON 1- CAPACITOR TYPE INDUCTION MOTOR
4.1 AIM:
To conduct load test on 1-ϕ capacitor type induction motor and to draw the performance curves.
4.2 APPARATUS:
S.N
o
1 Ammeter MI 0 - 20 A 1
300V, 20A
3 Wattmeter DM 1
UPF
1 - φ Capacitor type Induction Motor :
H.P/KW : 2 HP
Voltage : 230 V
Current : 13 A
Speed : 1500 rpm

Fig –4.1Load test on 1- capacitor type Induction Motor
PROCEDURE :
3. The supply is given and the motor is started using stater to run at rated
speed.
4. At no load the readings of speed, current, voltage and power are noted.
5. By applying the load on the motor in steps upto its full load current the
spring balance readings and the above mentioned readings are noted.
6. While loading the motor, pour the water in the space provided in the drum in
order to cool the pulley.
7. Drecease the load gradually and the motor is switched ‘OFF’.
9. Apply the rated voltage to the induction motor by varying auto transformer,
so that the machine runs at rated speed.
10. Note down the corresponding Ammeter, Voltmeter and Wattmeter readings.

4.5 TABULAR COLUMN:
Ameter Voltmeter Speed Spring Torque T= Output = %η = PF =

Reading Reading Input = W (N) Balance (S1 -
readings S2)×R×g 2 πNT Output W
×10
S.No I (Anps) rpm 60 input VI
V(Volts) N-m
watts 0
Watts *4 S1 S2
(kg) (kg) %
1 10 230 160 1496 0 0 0 0 0 0.06
2 11 230 640 1456 1.3 7 3.355 511.54 79.9 0.25
3 12 230 840 1402 2 9.8 4.5 673.89 80.22 0.30
4 13 230 1160 1390 2.8 11.2 4.94 692.89 59.73 0.38
5
6
4.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATION :

Reading No : 3
Loadcurrent I= 12 A
Speed of the motor N= 1402 rpm
S2 = 9.8 Kg
Torque T = (S1 – S2)×R×9.81 = 4.5 N-m
2 πNT
Motor Output =
60
= 673.89 W
Output
% Efficiency = × 100 = 80.22 %
input
W
VI

4.6 MODEL GRAPH :
4.7 PRECAUTIONS:
1. The motor should be started without any load.
2. The load should not exceed the rated value.
4.7 RESULT:

1.How do you change the direction of rotation?

2.Why star point of the motor is not connected to neutral point of the supply?
3.Does the motor start when supply lines are connected?
4.Draw a two-phase supply waveform & leading current, lagging current with respect to
the voltage.
5.Draw the 3-phase supply waveform & leading current, lagging current, with respect to
the voltage.
1. What is the advantage of star-delta starter when compared to D.O.L Starter?

2. For a 6-pole machine what is the value of synchronous speed?
3. Why slip cannot be zero in induction motor.
4. What are the two different types of rotors?

EXPERIMENT - 5
LOAD TEST ON 1 – PHASE UNIVERSAL MOTOR
5.1 AIM
To conduct load test on 1 – ϕ universal motor and to draw performance curves.
5.2 APPARATUS:
S.N
o
3 Wattmeter DM 300V,10A UPF 1
1 - φ Universal Motor :
H.P/KW :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :

Fig –5.1No - Load Tests on Universal Motor
5.5 PROCEDURE:
2. Make the circuit as per the given circuit diagram.
3. The supply is given and the motor is started using stater to run at rated speed.
4. At load the readings of speed, current, voltage and power are noed.
5. By applying the load on the motor in steps upto its full load current the spring balance
readings and the above mentioned readings are noted.
6. While loading the motor, pour the water in the space provided in the drum in order to
cool the pulley.
7. Decrease the load gradually and the motor is switched ‘OFF”.
5.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:
Reading No :
Loadcurrent I = ————— A
Supply Voltage V = —————V
Input Power W = ————— Watts
Speed of the motor N = ————— rpm
Spring balance readings S1 = ————— Kg
S2 = ————— Kg
Radius of the drum R = ————— m
Torque T = (S1 – S2)×R×9.81 = ————— N-m
2 πNT
Motor Output =
60
= ————— W
Output
% Efficiency = × 100 = ————— %
input
W
Power Factor Cosϕ = = —————
VI

5.7 TABULAR COLUMN:
Ameter Voltmete Speed Spring Torque T= Output %η = PF =

Readin r Input = (N) Balance (S1 - =
Reading W readings S2)×R×9.8 Output
g ×
W
S.No rpm 1 2 πNT input VI
I 60 100
V(Volts) N-m
(Anps) watts S1 S2 watts
(kg) (kg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.8 MODEL GRAPH :
5.9 RESULT :

EXPERIMENT – 6
CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF THREE PHASE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR
6.1 AIM
To draw the circle diagram of a 3 – ϕ squirrel cage induction motor by conducting no load and
blocked rotor test.
6.2 APPARATUS:

NO LOAD TEST
1 Ammeter MI 0- 5A 1
S.C. TEST
4 Ammeter MI 0 -10/15A 1
3 - φ Squirrel Cage Induction Motor :

H.P/KW : 5 HP
Voltage : 415 V
Current : 7.5 A
Speed : 1440 rpm


NO LOAD TEST:
Fig –6.1No - Load Tests on Three Phase Induction Motor
Fig – 6.2Blocked Rotor Tests on Three Phase Induction Motor

6.4 PROCEDURE:
No Load Test :
2. The supply is given to the motor by closing the main switch.
3. In this test, rotor is free to rotate.
4. Apply rated voltage to the motor with the help of 3 –ϕ Auto transformer and
note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings.
5. Reduce the voltage to zero and switch off the supply.
Blocked Rotor Test :
2. In this test, rotor is blocked (by tighting the belt around the pulley).
3. Apply a reduced voltage with the help of three phase Auto transformer so that
rated current flows in the stator.
4. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings.
6.5 CALCULATIONS:
No Load Test :
V1= V, I0 = A, W0 =watts,
Wo
No load pfcosϕ0 = = ϕ0 =
√3 VI
Blocked Rotor test :
Vsc =V, Isc = A, Wsc = watts
Wsc
SC PF ,COSϕSC = = ϕSC=
√3 VscIsc
S C Current for normal voltage, ISN = ISC [ ]
V1
Vsc
= A
[ ]
2
V1
S C Power for normal voltage, WSN = WSC = watts
Vsc
Current Scale : 1 cm =A
Io = cm , ISN = cm,
Now this power is equal to the length of the line,
BG = cm ( from the circle diagram )

W SN
Power scale :1 cm = = watts
BG
Take rotor copper losses = stator copper losses
F.L. Output = watts
F . L. Output ∈watts
Length of the F.L Output on the diagram = = cm
Power scale
6.6 OBSERVATIONS:
No-Load test:
No Load Current Rated Voltage No Load Power

IO (Amps) V1 (volts) WO = W1+ W2 (watts)
Blocked rotor test:
Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Voltage No Load Power

ISC (Amps) VSC (volts) WSC = W1+ W2 (watts)
6.7 MODEL GRAPHS:

Fig – 5.3Performance on Three Phase Induction Motor
From the circle diagram

F.L.line current OP = ––––––– cm × current scale = ––––––––– A
Φ1 = Angle of V1OP = ––––––––
F.L. pf , COS Φ1 = –––––––– lagging
Rotor Copper Loss MN
F.L. Slip S = = = –––––––––
Rotor Input PN
Output PM
% Effciency = ×100 = ×100 = –––––––– %
Input PK
Maximum output , HI = –––––– cm × power scale = –––––––– W
Maximum Torque, RS = ––––– cm × Power scale = ––––––––– syn watts
5.8 PRECAUTIONS:
1. In SC test the auto transformer should be varied slowly such that the current should not
exceed the rated value.

2. All connections must be tight.
5.9 RESULT:
5.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS

1. Explain what is meant by a 3-phase induction motor?
2. Write the classification of 3-phase induction motor?
3. State the steps to draw the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor?
4. State the condition for maximum torque of 3-phase induction motor?

1. Give the different methods of speed control of I.M.
2. How do you calculate slip speed?
3. State the condition when induction motor acts as induction generator?
4. Give the other name for induction generator?
EXPERIMENT - 7
CIRCLE DIAGRAM OF THREE PHASE SLIP RING INDUCTION MOTOR
7.1 AIM
To draw the circle diagram of a 3 – ϕ Slip ring induction motor by conducting no load
and blocked rotor test.
7.2 APPARATUS:

NO LOAD TEST
1 Ammeter MI 0- 5A 1
S.C. TEST

4 Ammeter MI 0 -10/15A 1
3 - φ Slip Ring Induction Motor :

H.P/KW :
Voltage :
Current :
Speed :

NO LOAD TEST:

Fig –6.1No - Load Tests on Three Phase Induction Motor
Fig –6.2Blocked Rotor Tests on Three Phase Induction Motor
7.5 PROCEDURE:
No Load Test :

2. The supply is given to the motor by closing the main switch.

3. In this test, rotor is free to rotate.
4. Apply rated voltage to the motor with the help of 3 –ϕ Auto transformer and
note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings.
Blocked Rotor Test :
2. In this test, rotor is blocked (by tighting the belt around the pulley).
3. Apply a reduced voltage with the help of three phase Auto transformer so that
rated current flows in the stator.
4. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings.
.
7.6 CALCULATIONS:
No Load Test :
V1 = ––––– V, I0 = –––––– A, W0 = ––––––––watts,
Wo
No load pfcosϕ0 = = –––––––
√3 VI
ϕ0 = –––––––––––
Blocked Rotor test :
Vsc = ––––––– V, Isc = ––––––– A, Wsc = –––––– watts
Wsc
SC PF ,COSϕSC = = ––––––––
√3 VscIsc
ϕSC= ––––––––––
S C Current for normal voltage, ISN = ISC [ ]

V1
Vsc
= –––––––– A
[ ]
2
V1
S C Power for normal voltage, WSN = WSC = –––––––– watts
Vsc
Current Scale : 1 cm = –––––––– A

Io = ––––––––– cm , ISN = –––––––– cm,

Now this power is equal to the length of the line,

BG = ––––––––– cm ( from the circle diagram )
W SN
Power scale :1 cm = = –––––––––– watts
BG
Take rotor copper losses = stator copper losses
F.L. Output = –––––––-––––– watts
F . L. Output ∈watts
Length of the F.L Output on the diagram = = ––––––––
Power scale
cm
7.7 OBSERVATIONS:
No-Load test:
No Load Current Rated Voltage No Load Power

IO (Amps) V1 (volts) WO = W1+ W2 (watts)
Blocked rotor test:
Short Circuit Current Short Circuit Voltage No Load Power

ISC (Amps) VSC (volts) WSC = W1+ W2 (watts)
7.8 MODEL GRAPHS:
Fig – 5.3Performance on Three Phase Induction Motor

From the circle diagram

F.L.line current OP = ––––––– cm × current scale = ––––––––– A
Φ1 = Angle of V1OP = ––––––––
F.L. pf , COS Φ1 = –––––––– lagging
Rotor Copper Loss MN
F.L. Slip S = = = –––––––––
Rotor Input PN
Output PM
% Effciency = ×100 = ×100 = –––––––– %
Input PK
Maximum output , HI = –––––– cm × power scale = –––––––– W
Maximum Torque, RS = ––––– cm × Power scale = ––––––––– syn watts
7.9 PRECAUTIONS:
1. In SC test the auto transformer should be varied slowly such that the current should not
exceed the rated value.
2. All connections must be tight.
3.
7.10 RESULT:
6.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS

1.Explain what is meant by a 3-phase induction motor?
2.Write the classification of 3-phase induction motor?
3.State the steps to draw the equivalent circuit of 3-phase induction motor?
4.State the condition for maximum torque of 3-phase induction motor?

1.Give the different methods of speed control of I.M.
2.How do you calculate slip speed?
3.State the condition when induction motor acts as induction generator?
4.Give the other name for induction generator?

EXPERIMENT - 8
V AND INVERTED V-CURVES OF 3- SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
8.1 AIM:
To conduct load test on a 3 – ϕ synchronous motor and to draw ‘V’ and inverted ‘V’
curves.
8.2 APPARATUS:
S.N Quantit
Name of the Equipment Type Range
o y
1 Ammeter MC 0 - 2A 1
600V,10
4 Wattmeter DM 2
A
5 Rheostat 300 , 2A 1
3 - φ Synchronous Motor :
H.P/KW :
Voltage :
Current :
Excitation Voltage :
Excitation Current :

Fig – 7.1 V and Inverted V-Curves of 3- Synchronous motor
8.5 PROCEDURE:

2. Switch on the AC supply feeding to 3-phase synchronous motor and start the motor
using 3- phase variac.
3. Ensure that the motor is running at No-load and synchronous Speed.
4. Now the field winding of the synchronous motor is exited with excitation unit.
5. Set the Rheostat of the field winding of the motor to the position of the normal
excitation. (Here the armature current will draw the minimum current from the mains)
6. Note down all meter readings at this position.

7. Decrease the excitation current in steps an note down ammeter and wattmeter readings.
(Excitation current may be reduced till the rated armature current flows in the armature
circuit of the synchronous motor) (If as Ia).
8. Again set back rheostat position to normal excitation position, now increase the
excitation in steps and note down all meter readings.
9. Repeat the step-5, 6, 7, and 8 for half load and full load.
10. Decrease the load on the motor and switch of the supply.
V - Curves and Inverted V- curves:

Note:
1. Keeping fixed load on the dc machine (DC Generator), the data for a V-curve is
obtained by varying the field current and note down the armature current as
suggested earlier. The V-curves are drawn for no load, Full load and one
intermediate load.
2. For same data inverted V- curves are drawn between Cos (p.f) and If.
8.6 MODEL GRAPHS:
Fig – 6.2V and Inverted V-

Curves of 3- Synchronous Motor
8.7 TABULAR COLUMN:
At Full load
S.No If (A) Ia(A) W (Watts) Cos Φ

1
2
Half full load

1
2
At No Load
1
2
8.8 PRECAUTIONS:
1. Loose connections are avoided.
2. Note down all meter readings without any parallax error.
3. If the watt meter reading shows negative reading (Kick backs), then interchange the
connection of M and L of the wattmeter.
8.9 RESULT:
1. At what condition the power output of a synchronous generator connected to an infinite

bus is maximum.
2. How can we run a synchronous motor as synchronous condenser.
3. Why Synchronous motor is not self-starting motor.
4. What happens if excitation is changed.
5. When load is increased on a synchronous motor, does the speed fall like an induction
motor? If not, explain how the load torque is produced.
1. When do we say an alternator is under floating condition during parallel operation.

2. Which machine requires both AC and DC
3. What are the conditions required to synchronous an alternator with APSEB supply.

4. How can you increase the share of an alternator when it is connected to an infinite bus.
5. What are the different types of field constructions in a Synchronous machines.
EXPERIMENT - 9
IDENTIFY AND RECTIFY FAULTS IN A.C. MOTORS

9.1 AIM:
To identify the faults and rectification of faults in A.C. three phase induction motors and
single phase motors.
9.2 PROCEDURE :
The following illustrates the possible causes of faults and therir remedies.
1. Faults in A.C. Three Phase Induction motors :
S NO MAIN FAULTS CAUSES REMEDIES
1 Motor fail to start Supply may be cut off Check the main supply with test
lamp
Main switch may be in OFF position Check the main switch and switch
ON.
Fuses may be blown off Check them physically and
replace them.
Overload control may be triped. Let the overload control be
cooled and start again.
Connections of control circuit may be Check physically and correct
wrong. them
Connections may be loose at the Check and tighten them.
terminals of the motor or starter.
Stator or rotor windings may be open Check the windings with series
circuited. test lamp or megger and connect
the broken ends, if possible or get
them rewound.
Stator winding may be short circuited. Check the winding coils with
series test lamp or megger and
insulate the winding and if the
winding is burnt then get the
stator rewound.
Earth fault may be in the winding Check the fault with series lamp
and insulate the winding with
cotton type.
Bearing or grease may be too stiff. Grease the bearings or replace.
Use special grease fit for the
purpose.
Motor may be over loaded Check and reduce the load.
2 Motor giving noise One of the three phases may be cut off Check for ‘open’ phase with the
and motor is running on single phase. test lamp and if fuse is found
blown, replace it
Misalignment of motor. Check and correct the alignment.
Shaft may be bent. Check and straighten it.
Rotor may be rubbing the stator cores. Set the rotor shaft correctly.
Belt may be tight. Loose the belt.
Any part of the motor may be loosely Check and tighten it.
fitted.

Bearing may be squeezed. Check and re – grease them.

Coupling may be loose. Check and tighten it.
3 Motor is over heated Motor may be loaded. Check and reduce load.
Control, may be defective. Check the starter, fuses, main
switch etc. and correct them.
Ventilation may be poor. Maintain the proper ventilation.
Drive troubles. Check and correct.
Supply voltage may be too high. Check with voltmeter and stop the
motor till the supply voltage
come to normal.
Loose connections may be in the rotor Tighten them, if possible or
winding. replace the rotor.
Stator winding may be short circuited or Check for short circuit and earth
earthed. fault with series test lamp or
megger and remove and defects.
4 Bearings over heated Bearings may be squeezed. Check and re-grease the bearings
with proper grading lubricant.
Belt may be too tight. Check and reduce the tension of
the belt
Excessive gear end thrust. Reduce the gear pressure.
Rotor shaft may be bent Check and straighten it.
Bearing may be not properly fitted. Set the bearing correctly.
Using wrong grade of lubricant. Use the lubricant of proper grade.
Foreign material in the lubricant. Replace the old lubricant by new
one according to ISI rules.
5 Motor starts and Starting gear may be defective. Check the contacts and correct
stops. them.
Connections of stator and rotor Check and tighten them.
windings may be loss.
Loose connections at the motor’s Check and tighten them.
terminals.
6 Motor works with Supply voltage may be reduced. Check with voltmeter and stop the
reduced speed motor till the voltage is increased
upto normal.
Motor may be over loaded. Check and reduce the load.
Stator winding may be open circuited. Check with series test lamp and
join disconnected ends.
7 Motor works with Starting gear may be defective. Check and correct it
high speed Supply voltage increased suddenly. Check the voltage with voltmeter
and stop the motor till it fails to
normal.
8 Motor runs at slow Rotor may be open circuited. Check the open circuit with series
speed with external test lamp and correct it.
resistance cut off in Brushes are not making contact in case Set the brushes to make the
case of slip ring of slip ring. contact.
induction motor. Collector rings may be rough. Check and file them
Rings may be eccentric Get the rings be turned on the
lathe.
Open circuit in the stator or rotor Check the windings for open
windings. circuit with series test lamp and

connect the disconnected ends.
9.3 FAULTS IN A.C. SINGLE PHASE MOTORS :
S .NO MAIN FAULTS CAUSES REMEDIES

1 Motor fail to start Supply may be cut off. Check the main supply with test
lamp at the motor’s terminals, at
starters terminals, or in the main
switch of the motor.
Over load or low starting torque. Rotate the rotor by hand and if it
is free to move, then reduce the
load.
Stator windings may be open circuited or Check the windings and polarity
reversed coil connections.` of coils with test lamp and if any
end is found broken, join it or
solder it
Open circuit in relay circuit or Check with test lamp in series of
centrifugal switch. the supply and correct them.
Capacitor may be defective in capacitor Check the capacitor with series
type motor test lamp and replace it.
Rotor shaft may be jammed in the Rotate the rotor shaft to see its
bearings or bushes. free motion and check the
bearings end play.
Belt may be too tight. Check by hand and reduce the
tension of belt.
2 Fuses blown off as Protective gear may be defective Check and set it in the correct
soon as the motor is order.
started. Motor may be over loaded. Check and reduce the load.
Stator winding may be short circuited or Check the winding with series test
earthed lamp or megger and correct it.
Connections of stator windings may be Check the connections physically
wrong. and also with series test lamp and
correct them.
3 Motor starts and then Motor may be overloaded check the load physically and
stops reduce it.
Supply voltage may be too low. Check the supply voltage with
voltmeter and switch off the
motor till the voltage is increased.
Connections of stator winding may be `check with series test lamp and
wrong. correct them.
4 Bearing over heated Bearing may be squeezed. Check and grease them.
Belt may be too tight. Check and loose the belt.
Motor may be over loaded. Check and reduce the load.
Bent shaft of rotor. Check and straighten it.
Rotor may be rubbing the stator cores Check and set the rotor shaft.
5 Motor’s frame may Misalignment of drive. Check aqnd correct it.
be over heated Adjustment of pulley may not be proper. Set it correctly.
Ventilation may not be proper. Maintain the proper ventilation.

Drive troubles. Check and correct.

Supply voltage may be too high. Check and switch off the motor
till the voltage is reduced.
Motor may be over loaded Check the load on the load
physically and reduce it
Short circuit in stator winding or Check the winding and C.S. with
centrifugal switch may be short series lamp or megger and correct
circuited. it or get the motor re wound.
6 Motor giving noise Motor loosely fitted on the foundation. Check and tighten the nuts.
Any part of the motor may be loosely Check and tighten it properly.
fitted.
Rotor may be rubbing the stator core. Check and set the rotor shaft
properly.
Bearing may be squeezed. Check and grease the bearings.
7 Speed of the motor is Supply voltage may be reduced Check with the voltmeter and stop
reduce suddenly the motor till the voltage is
increased.
Open circuit in stator winding Check with series test lamp and
join the connections.
Motor may be mechanically or Check and reduce the load.
electrically loaded suddenly.
Speed of the motor is Supply voltage may be increased Check with the voltmeter and stop
increase suddenly suddenly. the motor till the voltage is
reduced to normal.
Load on the motor is reduced too much. Check and increase the load on
the motor up to normal.
9 Hunting of repulsion Pitted commutator Get it turned on the lathe.
or repulsion start Shorting in gear or brushes. Check and over haul the gear and
induction motor. brushes.
10 Heavy sparking at Brushes rocker may not be in magnetic Set the rocker in the neutral
brushes in case of neutral axis. position.
universal motor or Pitted commutator. Get the commutator be turned on
repulsion motor. the lathe
Armature coils connections may be Check the connections with series
reversed. test lamp and correct them.
EXPERIMENT - 10

IDENTIFY AND RECTIFY FAULTS IN A.C. MOTORS
10.1 AIM:
To identify the faults and rectification of faults in A.C starters.
10.2 PROCEDURE :
The following illustrates the possible causes of faults and therir remedies.
1. FAULTS IN DIRECT ON LINE STATER :
S.N
O DEFECTS REASON RECTIFICATION
No supply , open circuit in over load Test the supply. Test coil with series
Motor does not coil or not volt coil. test lamp.
1 start after pushing OFF switch may be open. Check it with test lamp.
ON button. No Volt coil is getting one phase. Test the supply in starter.
Motor gives Two phases are coming in main
2 sound on pressing switch or starter. Check the phases with test lamp.
the ‘ON’ button.
On pressing the There is a sparking between the Clean the contact point with sand
“ON” button contact of “OFF” switch. paper.
3 motor. Measure the current and reduce the
Starts but stop after Motor is over loaded. load.
some time.
Contact points are bad or there is gap Clean the contact point with sand
between them. paper.
The shaded ring on the core of no
4 Starter is making volt coil is loose. Shaded ring should be set tight.
The core of No volt coil is loose. Tighten the core or apply varnish.
2. FAULTS IN STAR – DELTA STARTER

S.N
O DEFECTS REASON RECTIFICATION
Handle of the starter is not correctly
Motor does not start pressed. Press the handle correctly.
on bringing the Switch off the supply and press the
handle of the stater to The strips making star are not strips, if they are not making contacts,
1 start position. making contacts. bend them slightly.
Check all the three phases in main
Single phasing switch and starter with test lamp.
Reduce the lod after measuring the
Over loading current.
Over load switch is set at less Set the over load switch according to
Tripping of starter in current capacity.
delta Check all the three over load coil
strips
2 Over load coil strip may be bent. Set the bent strip and fix it again.
Settings are not correct. Use good quality of No volt coil.
Clean all the parts of starter or change
3 Starter does not trip Starter is old or is dirty. them.
3.MAINTENANCE CHART FOR ROTOR RESISTANCE STARTER :
TROUBLE CAUSE REMEDY

Locate point of leakage and repair.
Insufficient oil (in circuit Leakage of oil. Tighten up joints in oil lines.
breaker tanks) Oil thrown during operation. Fill oil tanks to proper oil level.
Drain poor oil and filter, or replace with
Dirty oil (In circuit breaker new oil. Clean inside of tank and all
tanks ) Carbonization from many operations. internal parts of breaker.
Condensation due to moist atmosphere. Drain and filter oil or put in new oil
Entrance of water from rain or other Replace source of water entrance.
Moisture present in oil source.
Filter or put in new oil. Remove source
Sludging of oil Overheating of overheating.
Improper installation of gaskets at a Put in new gaskets, treated in
previous inspection or repair. Oil accordance with breaker instruction
Gaskets leaking saturation. book.
Absorption of moisture, accumulation of
dirt, grimem , carbon etc. on bushing and Throughly clean all insulated parts.
Insulation failure. insulating parts. Bake or dry out wate soaked parts.
4.CONTACTORS :

The contactor forms the main part in all the starters. A contactor is defined as a switching device
capable of making, carrying and breaking a load circuit. It may be operated by hand (mechanical),
Electrical, pneumatic or electromagnetic relays.
TROUBLE SHOOTING IN CONTACTOR :
The following gives the common symptoms their causes and remedies.
SYMPTOMS CAUSES REMEDIES
1.Check the main voltage for lower
Motor does not start when than acceptable value. Rectify the main
the ‘start’ button is pressed. voltage. Check the control circuit
However on pressing the Open in no – volt coil circuit. wiring for loose connection.
armature of the contactor 2.Check the resistance of the no volt
manually. Motor starts and coil winding. If found incorrect replace
runs. the coil.
Auxillary contact in parallel with the 1. Check the parallel connection from
Motor starts when ‘ON’ start – button is not closing. ‘ON’ button terminals to the auxillary
button is pressed. It contact of the contactor.
however stops immediately Rectify the defect.
when ‘ON’ button is 2.Check the auxiliary contact points of
released. the contactor for erosion and pittings.
Replace , if found defective.
Motor does start when the Movable armature and fixed limb of 3.Dust or dirt or girt between the mating
start button is pressed. electromagnet are not stably attracted. surfaces of the electromagnetic core.
However, a humming or Clean them.
chattering noise comes 4.Low voltage supply. Find the cause
from the starter and rectify the defect.
5.Break in the shading ring in the case
of AC magnet.
Failure of contactor due to Higher incoming supply rating. 1. Higher supply voltage than normal.
too much heating of the Reduce the incoming voltage.
‘NO’ volt coil.
No volt coil rating is not high. 2.Voltage rating of the no volt coil is
less. Replace with standard rating,
according to the main supply.
Relay coil has been
changed. However, motor Control circuit of relay open. 1.Check the control circuit for open.
does not start when the start 2.Clean the control station contacts.
button is pressed Overload relay not reset.
Humming or chattering
noise Low voltage. Feed rated voltage.
Magnetic face between yoke and
armature is not clean. 1.Clean the surfaces of yoke and
armature.
Shading ring or iron core missing. 2.Provide shading ring in the iron core

AC MOTORS II MANUAL

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AC MOTORS II MANUAL

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A.C.

MACHINES LABORATORY PRACTICE-II

To obtain the performance characteristics of a 3-Phase squirrel cage induction motor by

S.No Name of the Equipment Type Range Quantity

1.3 NAME PLATE DETAILS:

3 - φ Squirrel Cage Induction Motor Starter

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 1

1.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig – 1.1Brake Test on 3- Induction Motor

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 2

1.7 TABULAR COLUMN:

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 3

1.8 MODEL GRAPHS:

Fig – 1.2Performance on 3- Induction Motor

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 4

1.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1.11 POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of slip-ring induction motor?

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 5

To obtain the performance characteristics of a 3-Phase slip ring induction motor by

S.No Name of the Equipment Type Range Quantity

2.3 NAME PLATE DETAILS:

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 6

2.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig – 2.1Brake Test on 3- Induction Motor

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 7

2.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATION:

2.7 TABULAR COLUMN:

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 8

2.8 MODEL GRAPHS:

Fig – 2.2Performance on 3- Induction Motor

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 9

2.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

2.11 POST LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 10

3 Wattmeter DM 300V,20A UPF 1

3.3 NAME PLATE DETAILS :

1 - φ Split Phase Induction Motor :

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 11

3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig – 3.1 Load test on 1- Induction Motor

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 12

3.5 TABULAR COLUMN:

Ameter Voltmeter Speed Spring Torque T= Output = %η = PF =

3.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATION :

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 13

1. The motor should be started without any load.

3.8 MODAL GRAPH :

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 14

3.10 PRE LAB VIVA QUESTIONS:

1. What is the advantage of star-delta starter when compared to D.O.L Starter?

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 15

4.3 NAME PLATE DETAILS :

1 - φ Capacitor type Induction Motor :

Speed : 1500 rpm

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 16

4.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Fig –4.1Load test on 1- capacitor type Induction Motor

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 17

4.5 TABULAR COLUMN:

Ameter Voltmeter Speed Spring Torque T= Output = %η = PF =

4.6 SPECIMEN CALCULATION :

TEEGALA KRISHNA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE, DEEE Page 18

4.6 MODEL GRAPH :