Ex No:

Date:
Closed Loop Scalar Control of Three Phase Induction Motor

Aim:
To study and simulate the Closed loop scalar control of Three Phase Induction
Motor using MATLAB.

Software Requirement:
MATLAB 2014a

Theory:
Possibly the most common scalar technique used in practice is that of Constant
Volts Hertz (CVH), so named because the magnitude of stator voltage is adjusted in
proportion to the frequency, in order to maintain an approximately constant stator flux
in the motor. The CVH method consists, in essence, of controlling the speed of the
rotating magnetic field of the stator by changing the supply frequency. The torque
developed in the motor depends only on the slip speed, i.e., the difference in speeds
between the field and the rotor. The control system is simple, since only speed feedback
is required.

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Principles of the Constant Volts/Hertz Control:
Under CVH control, stator voltage waveforms are assumed to be sinusoidal, but
with adjustable frequency and magnitude.
𝑣𝑠 1 𝑣𝑠
𝜆𝑠 = = ∗
𝜔 2𝜋 𝑓
If the ratio V/f remains constant with the changes of I, then A. remains constant
too and the torque is independent of the supply frequency. In practice, the stator voltage
to frequency ratio is usually based on the rated values of these variables. However, at
low levels of supply frequency, when the stator voltage also becomes low, the voltage
drop across the stator resistance cannot be neglected and must be compensated by
increasing V. above the value resulting from the CVH condition, V/f = const.
At frequencies higher than the rated value, the CHV condition also cannot be
satisfied since, in order to avoid insulation breakdown, the stator voltage may not exceed
its rated value. Therefore, in this range of frequencies, the stator voltage is maintained
at the rated level, and the stator flux decreases with increases in frequency. Unavoidably,
the developed torque decreases correspondingly.

Scalar Control Equations:

To calculate Modulation Index,
𝑉𝑑 𝑉𝑑
𝑉𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 𝑀𝐼 ∗ , 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝑀𝐼 ∗
2 2∗√2

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 = Rated Current * Stator Resistance

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𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛 = Base Frequency*(𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 /Base Voltage)

Minimum Modulation Index 𝑀𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 ⟹ Vmin = 𝑀𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 ∗ 230/(2 ∗ √2)

As per the voltage to frequency profile for Induction motor, the controller generates
reference voltages from the reference frequency by maintaining a constant voltage to
frequency ratio through V/f control. The reference frequency𝑓 ∗ is obtained by the
120𝑓𝑠 ∗
following equation, 𝑁𝑠 =
𝑃

𝑁
Here pole P=4.Therefore reference frequency 𝐹𝑠∗ = 𝑠
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V/f control structure computes the magnitude of the stator voltage based on the
𝑉 −𝑉
reference frequency as 𝑉𝑠 = 𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑠∗ where 𝑉𝑛 is the rated voltage , 𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 is the
𝐹𝑛 −𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛
minimum voltage, 𝐹𝑛 is rated frequency and 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛 is minimum frequency.

Induction Motor Parameters:

1. Rotor Type = Squirrel Cage
2. HP = 2
3. Voltage (line to line) = 400 V
4. Frequency = 50Hz
5. Speed : 1500 RPM
6. Lm = 0.1722 H
7. Rs = 1.405 𝛺
8. P = 4

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Simulation Diagram:

Simulation Diagram (Control):

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Wave form:

Tabulation:

Scalar control of induction motor:

Measured
Load f*
Nref Vrms(V) speed V/f ratio
Torque(Tm) (Hz)
(rpm)

600 5 248.3 20 598 12.4

750 5 284.7 25 743 12.2

800 6 293.4 26.67 792 11

850 4 302 28.33 846 10.6

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Result:
Thus, the Closed loop scalar control of Three Phase Induction motor is simulated
and studied using MATLAB.

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