DC Shunt Motor

P5
A 120 V, 5 hp, 3500 rpm shunt motor draws a line current of 40.2 A when
operating at rated conditions. The armature circuit resistance and field circuit
resistances are 0.247 Ohm 66.4 Ohm respectively. A reduction in shaft load causes
the line current to drop to 32.1 A.
(a) Determine the new speed and the torque.
(b) Repeat the above calculations for different values of line currents
and plot the speed - torque characteristics of the motor.
 DC Series Motor

P6
A 100 hp, 650 rpm, 240 V series motor has an efficiency of 89.6 percent
when operating at rated conditions. A change in shaft load results in a 10 percent
reduction in the line current. Determine the new speed and torque.
Repeat the above calculations for different values of line currents
and plot the speed - torque characteristics.
 DC Compound Motor

•  A compound motor is a shunt motor with a series field.

•  The series field is usually connected so that its mmf adds to that of the shunt field.
•  A compound motor has speed-torque characteristics intermediate between those
of a shunt and a series motor, the drop of speed with torque depending on
the relative number of ampere-turns in the shunt and series fields.
 DC Motor: Comparison
A shunt motor has almost constant speed over its operating range,
typically about 5 per cent drop in speed from no load to full load.

In the series motor, increase in load is accompanied by increases in armature current

and field current. This makes the speed of the series motor to be very sensitive
to the torque (P6). For applications requiring heavy torque overloads,
this characteristic is particularly advantageous because the corresponding power
overloads are held to more reasonable values by the associated speed drops.
The other advantage of the series motor is its very high starting torque.
The no load speed of a series motor is well above the safe operating speed.
Therefore a loss of load will accelerate the machine to damaging speeds.
For this reason series motors must be connected directly to the load by solid couplings
or gears, and the minimum load must be sufficient to limit the speed to a safe value.
No belt drives are permitted with series motors.
The compound motor does not have the disadvantage of very high light load speed
associated with a series motor, but it retains to a considerable degree the advantages
of series excitation.
 Speed Control

The induced emf (also called the counter emf), terminal voltage and armature current
have the following relationship;

Ea = Vt − ia Ra

Ea is proportional to the speed and flux;

Ea = K aφω
Eliminating Ea

ka φ ω = Vt − ia Ra
 Speed Control

The torque is given by;

T = ka ia φ
Eliminating ia from above two equations and rearranging terms;

Vt Ra
ω= − 2
T
kaφ (kaφ )

This provides three methods of speed control:

1. Armature terminal voltage (Vt ) control.
2. Armature circuit resistance (Ra ) control.
3. Field (φ) control by controlling field current.
 Armature terminal voltage (Vt ) control

Vt Ra
ω= − 2
T
kaφ (kaφ )

Increase Vt

Torque
 Armature circuit resistance (Ra ) control

Vt Ra
ω= − 2
T
kaφ (kaφ )

Increase Rext

Torque
 Field (φ) control by controlling field current

Vt Ra
ω= − 2
T
kaφ (kaφ )

ω
Decrease φ

Torque