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Wound rotor
Construction
Mmf phase a
at t = t0= t4
Graphical Method
Motion of the
resultant mmf
N = effective number of
turns
ia= current in phase ‘a’
Analytical Method
Induced Voltages
V per phase
At Standstill operation
E = 4.44f N Kw
1 1 1 p 1
E = 4.44f N Kw ; f = f
2 2 2 p 2 1 2
E = 4.44f N Kw
2 1 2 p 2
Running Operation
pn
f
120
at slip s
Pg 219: 1800 &1710rpm, 1800rpm, 3 Hz, 90 rpm, (90rpm, 1800rpm, 0rpm), 6.64 V/ph)
Sol_pg21
Equivalent Circuit Model
V1 = R1 I1 + j(2f)LlI1 + Eag;
Eag – air gap voltage or back e.m.f
Eag = E1 = k f1 ag
E2 = R2 I2 + js(2f)Ll2
This model is
not convenient
to use to predict
circuit
performance
Equivalent Circuit Model
Example 2
Sol_pg29
Equivalent Circuit Model
Assume
small volt
drop across R1
and X1 – ease
computation
of I and I2’,
V1 = E1
R12<<(X1+Xm)2
X1 << Xm
Equivalent Circuit Parameters
Rc, Xm, R1, X1, X2, R2
No-Load Test
The parameters of the equivalent circuit, Rc, Xm, R1, X1,
X2, and R2 can be determined from the results of a no-
load test, a blocked-rotor test and from measurement of
the dc resistance of the stator winding.
The no-load test, like the open circuit test on a
transformer, gives information about exciting current and
rotational losses.
This test is performed by applying balanced polyphase
voltages (415V) to the stator windings at the rated
frequency(50Hz).
The rotor is kept uncoupled from any mechanical load.
I1 R1 X1
Xm
At no load, N r N s
Ns N r
s 0;
Ns
R2 R2
open cct
s 0
Blocked-Rotor Test
The blocked-rotor test, like the short-circuit test on a
transformer, gives information about leakage impedances.
In this test the rotor is blocked so that the motor cannot rotate,
and balanced polyphase voltages are applied to the stator
terminal ( increases voltage until stator current reaches its
rated value).
The blocked-rotor test should be performed under the same
conditions of rotor current and frequency that will prevail in the
normal operating conditions.
The IEEE recommends a frequency of 25% of the rated
frequency for the blocked-rotor test. However, for normal
motors of less than 20 hp rating, the effects of frequency are
negligible and the blocked-rotor test can be performed directly
at the rated frequency
R1 X1 X2
R2
Ns N r
s 1;
Ns
R2 R2
R 2 R2 X m , X m open cct
s 1
Equivalent Circuit Parameters
Measurement of average dc resistance per stator
phase : R1
No load test :
VNL
INL
PNL
Blocked-rotor test:
VBL
INL
PNL
Example 3
The following test results are obtained from a three-phase, 60 hp, 2200 V,
six-pole, 60 Hz squirrel-cage induction motor.
No-load test:
supply frequency = 60 HZ
line voltage = 2200 V
line current = 4.5 A
input power = 1600 W
Blocked-rotor test:
frequency = 15 Hz
line voltage = 270 V
line current = 25 A
input power = 9000 W
Average DC resistance per stator phase:
R1 = 2.8 ohm
V1 Rm Lm R2
S
s s
P ower at t heshaft :
Psh Po PFW ; PFW : frictionand windage loss.
T hen,
2
3 pI2 R2
Te
e s
Example
A single phase equivalent circuit of a 6-pole SCIM that
operates from a 220 V line voltage at 60 Hz is given below.
Calculate the stator current, input power factor, output
power, torque and efficiency at a slip of 2.5%. The fixed
winding and friction losses is 350 W. Neglect the core loss.
Also calculate the starting current.
I1 R1 X1 I2 X2
V1 Xm R2
20 0.1
Solution
V1 220V line-to line 3
220V
127V
3
2.5% 0.025
X 1 0.5, X 2 0.2, X m 20
R
Z in ( R1 jX 1 ) jX m // 2 jX 2
s
0.1
j 0. 2
0.2 j 0.5 j 20 0.025 4.220o
0 .1
j 0.2 j 20
0.025
V1 220 3
I1 30.0 20o A
Z in 4.220o
Input power
Pin 3V1 I1 cos 3(220 3 )(30)(cos20o )
factor
10,758W
Pls 3I1 R1 3(302 )(0.2) 540W
2
ii) Find the parameters of the Thevenin equivalent circuit as seen from the
rotor circuit.
iii) For a slip of 4%, calculate the stator current, power factor and
efficiency of the motor.
Sol_pg46