SPEED CONTORL OF DC SHUNT MOTOR

(EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY)
1. Description
The setup for this experiment requires the following equipment

Name Specifications/Range No Purpos

e
Ammeter(MC) (0-1A) 01 To Observe Field current If
Voltmeter(MC) (0-300V) 01 To Observe Voltage across
armature terminals A&AA
Rheostat 98 Ohm, 2.8A (Armature 01 To adjust motor speed to rated
Circuit) value
Rheostat 360 Ohm, 1.7 A ( Field Circuit) 01 To adjust motor speed to rated
value
Tachometer Digital (0-5000rpm) 01 To measure the motor speed
Connecting Red, Green, Blue, Yellow and As To make connections and
wires Black 3/20 gauge, per interconnections to equipment
suitable lengths need

2. CircuitDiagram
(a) Armature controlmethod

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(b) Field controlmethod

3. Theory

(a) Concept: Armature Voltage ControlMethod,

The speed of DC Shunt motor is given by

Nα--------- (1)
Eb=V-IaRa --- (2)

From Eqn (1) and (2)

Nα ----------------- (3)
For armature voltage control, we kept field current as constant that is If is constant

ɸ=Constant--------- (4)

From Eqn No 3&4

N α (V-IaRa )

Where

Eb = Back
emf

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 Ia = Armature current
φ = Field flux
Ra- Armature
Resistance V= Supply
Voltage

Speed control means to vary the speed as per requirement. The speed of the motor
is directly proportional to the voltage across the armature (V – IaR).

As the supply voltage is normally constant, the voltage across the armature is varied
by introducing a rheostat in series with the armature circuit of the motor.

If the resistance is increased then the voltage across the armature is decreased there
by the speeds below the rated speed are achieved.

(c) Concept: Field Control Method:

The speed of D.C shunt motor is given by,

Nα--------- (1)

Eb=V-IaRa --- (2)

From Eqn (1) and (2)

Nα ----------------- (3)

For field control, we kept armature voltage as constant that is…

V-IaRa=Constant --------- (4)

From Eqn No 3&4

Nα

Where
Eb = Back emf

Ia = Armature
current

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 φ = Field flux
Ra= Armature
Resistance V= Supply
Voltage

Speed control means to vary the speed as per requirement. The speed of the motor
is inversely proportional to field flux (or fieldcurrent).

The flux in the shunt field is varied by introducing a rheostat in series with the field
circuit of the motor.

Higher is the resistance of the rheostat, lesser is the field current and hence field flux
there by speed of the motor is increased. Therefore this method is used when speeds
above the rated speed are required.

4. Procedure:

(a) Armature Voltage ControlMethod:

• Make the connections as per circuitdiagram.
• Keep armature circuit rheostat at maximum position.
• Switch ‘ON’ on dcsupply.
• Start the motor with the help ofstarter.
• Note down speed and armaturevoltage.
• Decrease the armature resistance from maximum position in steps, take
corresponding readings of armature voltage andspeed.
• Switch‘OFF’thesupplyafterthemotorisbroughttotheinitialstate.
• Plot the graph of armature voltage and speed.

(b) Field ControlMethod:

• Make the connections as per circuitdiagram.

• Keep the field circuit rheostat at minimumposition.
• Switch ‘ON’ on dcsupply.
• Start the motor with the help of starter and adjust the field rheostat to get the rated
speed.
• Note down speed and field current.
• Increase the field resistance in steps, take corresponding readings of field current and
speed.
• Switch‘OFF’thesupplyafterthemotorisbroughttotheinitialstate.
• Plot the graph of armature voltage and speed.

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5. Observations
(a) Field Current, IF= ––––– A(Constant

S.N Armature Voltage (Volts) Speed N(rpm)

o
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(b) Armature voltage,V-IaRa= V(Constant)

S.No Field Current If (Amps) Speed N(rpm)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6. Graphs

(a) Armature voltagecontrol

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(b) Field controlmethod

7. Precautions

(a) Armature Voltage ControlMethod:

(i) Initially the motor field rheostat should be at minimum position and armature rheostat
at its maximumposition.
(ii) Maintain constant fieldcurrent.

(b) Field ControlMethod:

(ii) Initially the motor field rheostat should be at minimum position and armature rheostat
at its maximumposition.
(iii) Maintain constant armaturevoltage.

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