EXPERIMENT NO DATE :

Voltage Regulation of an alternator by Ampere Turn (MMF ) Method.

AIM : To determine voltage regulation of an alternator by Ampere Turn (MMF) method by

using the data from OCC , SCC of Synchronous impedance method.

APPARATUS:-

Apparatus Type Rating Quantity

Voltmeter AC 0-300 V 01
Ammeter DC 0-10 A 01
Ammeter DC 0-1 A 01
Ammeter AC 0-10 A 01
Wattmeter ---- 300 V, 10 A 01
Rheostat ----- 750 Ω, 1.2 A 02

Machines Rating
3 Phase 415V, 50 Hz, 3 KVA, 4.2 A, 1500 rpm,
Synchronous
Motor
DC Shunt 230V, 19 Amp, 1500 rpm
Generator

THEORY: In indirect loading test of the alternator the load is not actually connected to the
alternator. It uses the information from OCC and SCC of an Alternator. There are 3 methods of
indirect loading – emf, mmf and zpf method.

In mmf method the armature resistance (Ra) of the alternator is neglected and only mmf
or AT (excitation) is considered for the calculation of generated emf. From emf equation of an
alternator

Eph = Vph + Ia*Zs --------------- (vector sum)

Zs = Ra + j Xs
 If = I’f + I”f ---------------------------- ( Vector Sum )

Here I’f is the field excitation required to produce rated voltage on open circuit. I”f is the filed
excitation required to circulate armature rection drop. This current corresponds to full load short
circuit current.

MMF method provides the result less than the actual value. So it is also called as optimistic
method.

For large alternators generally Ra is very small compared with Xs. So it can be neglected.

So Zs = Xs = Xa

Eph = Vph + Ia*Xa ----------------------- (1)

We know that

Eph = 4.44*f*Φ*T*Kd*Kp -------------volts

Eph is directly proportional to Φ = If -----------------------------------(2)

PROCEDURE:

1. Plot OCC & SCC of an alternator by using the data from Synchronous impedance
method.

2. Find field excitation (I’f) required to produce full rated voltage on open circuit side form
OCC. (I’f)

3. Find field excitation (I”f) required to produce full load current on short circuit form
SCC . (I”f)

4. Find vector sum of I’f and I”f .( If = I’f + I”f) ( Phasor Addition)

5. Find the voltage from OCC corresponding to calculated If which is your Eph . And
Vph is rated voltage of an alternator.

6. Calculate % voltage regulation for different power factors.

RESULT TABLE :

FROM CALCULATION

Power factor
I’f (A) I”f (A) If (A) Eph (V) % Regulation
08. lag

Unity
 0.8 lead

FROM GRAPH

Power factor
I”f (A) I”f (A) If (A) Eph (V) % Regulation
08. lag

Unity

0.8 lead

CONCLUSION : From the MMF method we can calculate the Regulation of an alternator .
And the regulation values are much lower side than that of impedance method . So we conclude
that MMF method is much optimistic method.
Questions and Answers

1. Name the various methods for predetermining the

voltage regulation of 3-phase Alternator.
2. The following are the three methods which are used to
predetermine the
3. voltage regulation of smooth cylindrical type Alternators
4. ·  Synchronous impedance / EMF method
5. ·  Ampere-turn / MMF method
6. ·  Potier / ZPF method
7. What are the test data required for predetermining the
voltage regulation of an Alternator by MMF method?
8. Data required for MMF method are :
9. ·  Effective resistance per phase of the 3-phase winding R
10.·  Open circuit characteristic (OCC) at rated speed/frequency
11.·  Short circuit characteristic (SCC) at rated speed/frequency