BASIC ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
Scheme/Year :C-16/1st YEAR
Subject code : EE-106 BY
R. SIVAPRASAD,
LECTURER IN EEE,
SV GOVT. POLYTECHNIC, TIRUPATHI
CHAPTER-2
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Work, power And Energy Definitions
 Power In Electrical Circuits
 Efficiency
 Problems On Work, Power And Energy
 Calculation Of Electricity Bill
 INTRODUCTION

 In our daily life it is required to measure the quantities like

physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal etc.
 In order to measure magnitudes of quantities must be
taken as basis or unit
 The quantity that is measurable is called Physical
Quantity(Ex. Distance, time, speed, temperature, force,
voltage, resistance etc)

Ex. Length, mass,

Which are time, current,
Fundamental temperature,
independent of
quantities luminous intensity
one another and amount of
substance
Physical
quantities
Which can be Ex. Area,
Derived derived from volume,
quantities the fundamental velocity, force
quantities etc
 WORK
 Mechanical work: The work is to be done when a
force acting on a body causes it to move
 Represented by ‘W’
 S.I unit is ‘Joul(J)’ or ‘Newton meter(N-m)’
 Work done W =force x distance

=F x d N-m
1N-m = 1 Joule
1kg = 9.81 Newton
1kg-m= 9.81 N-m
 Electrical work :- The work is said to be done in
an electrical circuit, when a current of ‘I’ ampere
passes trough it for ‘t’ sec against a potential
difference of ‘V’ volts.
 SI unit for electric work is ‘watt-sec’
 Work done W = VIt watt-sec

= I2Rt
=V2t/R
Relation Between Mechanical Electrical And
Thermal Units Of Work

 Unit for mechanical work => Joule

 Unit for electrical work => Watt-sec
 Unit for thermal work => calorie

1Watt-sec = 1joule
1kilo-calorie = 1000 calorie
1calorie = 4.18 joule = 4.18 watt-sec
1kilo-calorie =4180 joule =4180 watt-sec
 POWER
 Mechanical Power:- The rate of doing work
 Denoted by ‘P’
 SI unit is ‘Newton-meter/sec(N-m/s) or ‘Joule/sec’
 The practical unit of mechanical power is ‘Horse

Power’
 MHP-Metric horse power or BHP-British horse power
 Mechanical Power P= Work done/Time=W/t
 POWER
 Electrical power:- The rate of doing electrical
work in electrical circuit
 Denoted by ‘P’
 SI unit is ‘Watt’ = Joule/sec = N-m/sec
 Electrical power

P= work done in electrical circuit/time

P= VIt/t
P= VI = I2R =V2/R watt
1kilo-watt = 1000 watt = 103 watt
1Mega-watt= 1000000 watt = 106 watt
Relation Between Mechanical And Electrical Power

 1 Metric Horse Power (1M.H.P)= 735.5 Watt

 1 British Horse Power (1B.H.P) = 746 Watt
 ENERGY
 Mechanical energy :- The capacity to do work
 Denoted by ‘E’
 SI unit is ‘Joules’
 ENERGY
 Electrical energy:- The total amount of work done in
an electrical circuit
 Denoted by ‘E’
 SI unit is ‘Watt-sec”
 Electrical energy E= Power x time
=VIt Watt-sec
 The bigger unit of electrical energy is
Kilo-watt-hour(kWh) = 1unit of energy consumption
 POWER IN ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS
 Electrical power in a circuit is the amount of
energy that is absorbed or produced within the
circuit
 A source of energy is battery or generator

produces power
 The connected loads are absorbs or consume

power
 According to the ohm’s law

P=VI =I2R =V2/R

 We can understand the relationship between

P,V,I and R by using power circle

POWER CIRCLE
 Efficiency

 Definition:- The ratio of output to the input

 Represented by a symbol ‘η’
 In general expressed in terms of percentage (%)
 Efficiency η = Output/Input

 Percentage efficiency %

 Losses = Input-Output
 Input = Output+Losses
 The output is always less than the input
 Therefore efficiency is always less than 100%
PROBLEMS ON WORK, POWER AND ENERGY
Calculation Of Electricity Bill
Power Ratings Of Home Appliances
Steps For Calculating The Electricity Bill
 Step-1: Note down the wattage of each appliance
 Step-2: Multiply wattage with quantity to get total

power in watts
 Step-3: Multiply total power with given working

hours to get total energy in watt-hours

 Step-4: Divide watt-hours by 1000 to get kilowatt

hours (kWh) or units

 Step-5: Multiply number of units with number of

days in a given month to get total number of units

consumed in a month
 Step-6: Multiply total monthly units with cost per

unit to get total monthly electricity bill

 Total Total
Particulats Of No.Of Hours
S.No Quantity Wattage Power In Energy In
Load Working Per Day
Watts Watt-hour

1 2 3 4 5 6(=3X5) 7(=4X6)

1 Lamps 100

2 Fans 80

4 Heater 2000

Electrical
5 1000
iron
Fluorescent
6 40
lamp

7 Motor
1kW=1000 watt
Input power of motor = Watts
 Example:1
◦ Calculate the monthly bill of domestic service with
the following loads for month of 30 days
 4 lamps of 100 W each used for 6 hours a day
 2000 W immersion heater used for 1 hour a day
 3 fans of 60 W each used for 10 hours a day
 1000 W electrical iron used for 1 hour a day
The cost per unit of consumption is 50 paisa
 Total
Particulats Of No.Of Hours Total Power
S.No Quantity Wattage Energy In
Load Working Per Day In Watts
Watt-hour

1 2 3 4 5 6(=3X5) 7(=4X6)
4x100 6x400
1 Lamps 4 6 100
=400 =2400
1x2000 1x2000
2 Heater 1 1 2000
=2000 =2000
3x60 10x180
3 Fans 3 10 60
=180 =1800
Electrical 1x1000 1x1000
4 1 1 1000
 iron
Total energy consumption per day= 7200 watt-hour =1000 =1000
 = [7200/1000] kilo watt hour
Total energy in Watt-hour =7200
 =7.2 kwh or units [1unit= 1kwh]
 Total energy consumption per month=7.2x30 = 216 units
 Cost of energy @ 50 paisa per unit = 216x(50/100)
 =216x0.5
 =Rs.108/-
 Example:2
◦ Calculate the bill of electricity charges for the
following loads fitted in an electrical installations
 10 lamps of 60 W each used for 5 hours a day
 5 ceiling fans 120 watts each working 10 hours a day
 2kW heater working 4 hours a day
 2HP motor with efficiency 80% working 4 hours a day
Calculate the monthly bill at 50 paisa per unit, if the
meter rent per month is Rs.5/-
  Wattage of heater = 2kW = 2000W

 Input power of motor =

 = [(2x735.5)/0.8]
 = 1838.75 watts

No.Of
Particulats Of Hours Total Power Total Energy
S.No Quantity Wattage
Load Working Per In Watts In Watt-hour
Day

1 2 3 4 5 6(=3X5) 7(=4X6)
10x60 5x600
1 Lamps 10 5 60
=600 =3000
5x120 10x600
2 Ceiling fans 5 10 120
=600 =6000
1x2000 4x2000
3 Heater 1 4 2000
=2000 =8000
1x1838.75 4x1838.75
 Total energy consumption per day = 24355 watt hour
 =[24355/1000]=24.355 kwh
 = 24.355 units [1unit=1kwh]
 Total energy consumption per month = 24.355x30
 = 730.65 units
 Cost of energy @50 paisa per unit =730.65x(50/100)
 =730.65x0.5
 =Rs.365.325/-
 Total monthly bill = Monthly electricity bill + Meter rent
 =365.325+5
 =Rs.370.325/-
END