W

So electric power, P ,so

2
= = VI = I R
t

Power=Current × Voltage

Unit of electric power: The S.I unit of electric power is ‘Watt’.

Electric energy: The total work done by the source emf in maintaining the electric current in circuit for a given time
is known as electric energy consumed in the circuit. It depends upon the power of the appliance used in the circuit
and the time for which the power is maintained.

Electric energy, W
2
= P . t = V It = I Rt

Unit of electric energy: The S.I Unit of electric energy is Joule

1Joule = 1V olt × 1Ampere × 1Second=1Watt × 1Second

The unit ‘Watt’ is very small. So in practical terms a bigger unit is used like kilo-Watt,Mega-Watt.

The commercial unit of electric energy is kilowatt-hour . One kilowatt-hour is defined as the electrical energy

consumed by an appliance of power one kilo-watt in one hour.

1kilowatt-hour

= 1kilowatt × 1hour

= 1000watt × 3600s

=3,600,000watt× second

=3,600,000J oules

6
⇒ 1kW h = 3.6 × 10 J

So the commercial unit of electrical energy is kilowatt-hour.

Additional Information: The potential difference across two ends of a circuit is produced by a battery. A battery
consists of one or more electric cells. The chemical action within a cell generates the potential difference across the
terminals of the cell, even when no current is drawn from it. When the cell is connected to a circuit, the potential
difference produced will drive the electrons from the conductor which in turn produce the electric current through
the circuit. In order to maintain the current flowing in a given electric circuit, the cell has to expend its chemical
energy stored in it. A part of this energy is used to produce useful work and another part may be used to raise the
temperature. This is known as the heating effect of electric current.

Note: One kilowatt-hour is also known as a “Board of trade” unit. The electric meters installed in houses

measure the electrical energy consumed inkilowatt-hour . Another common unit of electric energy iswatt-hour.

It is the energy consumed by an appliance of power one-watt in one hour.

1watt-hour=1watt × 1hour=3.6 × 10 J
3
.