Shunt compensators

Presented by
T.S.L.V.Ayyarao
Assistant Professor
GMRIT

FACTS 1
Objective of Shunt Compensation
 The objective of shunt compensation is to change the
natural characteristics of the line and make it more
compatible with load demand.
 Shunt connected reactors minimize the overvoltage under
light load conditions.
 Shunt connected capacitors maintain voltage levels underge
under heavy load conditions.
 The ultimate objective of shunt compensation is to increase
the power transfer of the line.

FACTS 2
Mid point voltage regulation
 Consider a simple two bus transmission line as shown in fig
 Ideal VAR compensator is shunt connected at mid point

Fig.1 Two bus power system with VAR Compensator

 The compensator is represented with a sinusoidal AC

Source with fundamental frequency.
 Here Vs = Vm = Vr.
 The compensator divides the line into two segments.
FACTS 3
Mid point voltage regulation
 The segment includes line of X/2 impedance and carries
power from sending end to mid point.
 The second segment includes line of X/2 impedance and
carries power from mid point to receiving end.
 The Phasor diagram is as below

Fig.2 Phasor
diagram of the line

FACTS 4
Mid point voltage regulation
 For lossless system, active power is same at each terminal.
 From phasor diagram,
Vsm = Vmr = V cos(δ/4)
Ism = Imr = I = 4V/X*sin(δ/4)
 The transmitted power is P = VsmIsm
= VIcos(δ/4)
P = 2V2/X *sin(δ/2)
 Similarly Reactive power is Q = 4V2/X*(1-cos(δ/2))

FACTS 5
Mid point voltage regulation
 The relation between P , Q and δ is shown below

Fig.3 Variation of P,Q with δ

FACTS 6
Mid point voltage regulation
 Mid point compensation significantly increase the power
transfer by supplying reactive power demand.
 Mid point location is the best location of the compensator
because
1. voltage sag is maximum at mid point.
2. compensator breaks the line into two equal parts.
 This concept can be expanded to use of multiple
compensators.
 Increase in no. of segments rapidly decrease the voltage
variation of the line.

FACTS 7
Mid point voltage regulation
 .

Fig.4 Two bus system with multiple compensators

FACTS 8
Mid point voltage regulation
 But the system too complex and too expensive.

FACTS 9