QI) Choose the best answer 16 Marks} 1). The opposition to the establishment of a magnetic field ina material is called © resistance © impedance © reluctance © permeability [2 marks] 2) In the air gap the magnetic flux lines bulge outward somewhat. This is known as [2 marks} © leakage of the flux © attenuation of the flux ‘© fringing of the flux ¥ © None of the above The magnetomotive force induced by a current carrying coil can be increased by [2 marks] © increasing the current or increasing the number of tums © increasing the current or decreasing the number of turns © decreasing the current or increasing the number of turns © decreasing the current or decreasing the number of tums 3) Q2) [3 Marks} For any electromechanical system that has the following A ~ { relationship: a2 SN a) Write a relationship relating the electrical energy input We , the stored energy in the magnetic field Wy and the energy converted to mechanical Wn. [2 Marks} We = Wy +Wm a) Indicate which area (A or B) represents the stored energy in the magnetic field Wj. [1 Mark] Area AQ3) [6 Marks} ‘The magnetic circuit shown has a core of relative permeability 4, = 6000. The core thickness is 3 em. The coil has 500 turns. The flux density in the air gap is 0.25 T. Ignoring fringing effect in the air gap, find: a) The reluctance of the core b) The reluctance of the air gap ©) The total reluctance of the ciret 4) The total flux passing the circuit ©) The magnetomotive force 1) The current in the coil I mark] k— core [1 mark] 2em [1 mark] 4 [1 mark] ate {1 mark} Ut mark] [ f 8 QyceSen 2 eS Kio on Lo saxc-o5)omeus As Aa: 2 GGen = Ocal Aa feos i loo US Nn Seo 2K:Part IL 15 Marks! [8 Marks} [2 marks] Q4) Choose the best answer 1) A rotating magnetic field in three-phase electri Jl windings of the machines ‘cal machines is produced by © Applying DC voltage to the fiel tage to the stator windings ‘Applying 3-phase vol : © Using slip rings with brushes in three-phase machines Rotating the field windings on the rotor of the machines ° ° les is halved, induction motor is doubled and the number of pol! {2 marks] 2) Ifthe frequency of a three phase i then its synchronous speed o Remains same © Becomes double of the original synchronous speed © Becomes four times of the original synchronous speed © Becomes half of the original synchronous speed 3) Foratwo pole, 50 Hz, 3 phase synchronous motor, the speed of rotating magnetic field is [2 marks] © 1000 rpm © 2000 rpm © 3000 rpm ¥ © 3500 rpm 4) In salient pole type rotor [2 marks] ° Poles are projected out from the surface of the rotor ¥ © The unslotted portions of the cylinder itself act: o Both of the above act. te pols © None of these{7 Marks} 1. A three-phase induction motor has 6 pole pairs and is supplied from a 60 Hz power supply. Calculate the synchronous speed of the motor in rad/sec, [3 marks] = 229X60 _ 699 rpm 12 20 @, = N, X —~ = 62.83 rad/sec 60 2. Name two machine windings that are commonly made concentrated. [4 marks] (any two) a, __DC Machine field windings b, __ Synchronous Machine field windings ¢. __Transformer windings__rt TH [30 Marks] Q6) Choose the best answer 110 Marks} 1) At stand still condition the slip of the induction machine is [2 marks} olv 0 © Infinite value © Finite value 2) Which of the following motors are most [2 marks} © Synchronous motors © Wound rotor induction motors © Squirrel cage induction motors ¥ (© Squirrel cage synchronous motors 3) For connecting the rotating member of a wound rotor induction machine to the external stationary circuit [2 marks} © Slip rings and brush assembly is used V7 © Only brushes is used © Commutator and brush assembly is used © Directly connected to the external stationary circuit 4) In terms of slip and synchronous speed (3), the shaft speed () of the induction motor can be expressed as [2 marks} © Ns (I-s) V © Ns (s-1) o Ns/(I-s) 0 Ns/(-1) 5) The shunt resistance component, Rc, in the equivalent circuit of an induction motor represents {2 marks} © Windage and friction loss © Core losses only ¥ ‘© Copper losses only © Both core losses and copper lossesQ7) [5 Marks} Explain briefly the principle of operation of three phase induction motors. 1. The currems in the stator windings create a rotating magnetic field in the air gap. 2. The rotating magnetic field induces currents in the rotor windings. 3. The induced currents will create a magnetic field, around the rotor, which opposes the stator main magnetic field. 4. The interaction between the two magnetic fields produces a torque. 5. The rotor starts rotating. Q8) {8 Marks] A Locked-rotor test conducted on a 400 V, 3-phase, 50 Hz, Y-connected squirrel cage induction motor gave the following results: Locked-rotor voltage (line-to-Line) = 56 V at 15Hz Locked-rotor current = 8 4 Locked-rotor power = 672 17 The stator resistance measured between two terminals = 4 Q. Assuming X; = X2 calculate the following motor parameters: Ry, Roy X1, Xx lution: From stator winding resistance measurement: Rr = 4/2 = 2 Olin (for ¥ connection windings) From locked rotor test: Zin = S6V/8A = 7 Ohm, 35D Rr 72/3 #8? VPA~3B=62D Xenon X,=X2=20/2=100hm Rin XunQ9) {7 Marks] A three-phase, Y-connected 400 V, 1400 rpm, 50 Hz, four-pole wound rotor induction motor has the following parameters per phase: R= 0.259, R2 = 0.08750 X1=0.52 X= 0.1252 Xn =42 The stator to rotor winding turns ratio is 2:1 a) Find the synchronous speed in rad/see (2 mark] 120f _ 120x50 : “3S? = 1500 rpm n= ws = 1500 xz = 157.08 rad/s b) Determine the Thevenin equivalent circuit parameters and Thevenin voltage [2 marks] Xm _4 XtXm (OSH 4S Kin = 0.89 100 Vin = Kin V, = 0.89 x = = 205.5V Rin = K3, Ry = 0.89? x 0.25 = 0.198.2 Xin ® Xy= 050 ©) Calculate the maximum torque developed by the motor 13 marks] XY =a X1=0.52 3 V2, Tmax = S 2 syn Ren + (RR, Xen + X52 Tmax = 331.25 N.m.Part IV [40 Marks Q10) Choose the best answer [10 Marks] 1. An advantage of synchronous generators that [2.5 marks] control They can be operated at different speeds with simple load Y They operate at constant frequency regardless of the I ° ° © They generate variable frequency voltages © They have simple design and maintenance free 2. How many slip rings a brushless synchronous machine should have? [2.5 marks] © Twoslip rings © Three-slip rings © Noslip-rings o A commutator 3. A synchronous motor draws 2 MVA at a power factor of 0.8 leading. Ifthe efficiency developed in the motor is 90% then the power developed is equal to [2.5 marks] o 1212kW 0 1440 kW © 1676 kW o 1767kW 4, Anover excited synchronous motor operating on no load condition is called as [2.5 marks] © Synchronous capacitor © Synchronous condenser © Allofthe above ~ © None of the aboveer Qi) [15 Marks] An 11 kV, 50-Hz, Y-connected synchronous generator has a synchronous reactance of X,= 0.5 Q and armature resistance, R, = 0.05 Q. The terminal voltage in all working conditions is assumed constant and equal to the rated voltage. The generator is delivering a load current of 2000A at 0.8 PF leading. a. Draw the per-phase equivalent circuit of the generator. [3 Marks] b. Calculate the induced EMF, Ea. [4 Marks] €. Calculate the real and reactive power delivered at the generator terminals. [4 Marks} d._ Sketch the phasor diagram for voltages and current. [4 Marks] a) Equivalent circuit: b) Ex = 11000V/1.73 + 2000A*(0.8+)*0.6) * (0.05 + j0.5) = (5830.9 + j 860.00) V = 5893.9 /8.4°V c) S=1.73 x 11 x2 (0.8 -j0.6) = (17.6 —j13.2) MVA P=176MW = Q=-j13.2MVAR d) Phasor diagram: TlQ12) {15 Marks} A salient pole synchronous generator has an induced EMF ( E, ) of 220 210 V, terminal voltage of 210 V, direct axis reactance of 1.0 Q, and quadrature axis reactance of 0.85 ©. Find: (a) The delivered per phase active power {5 marks] (b) The delivered per phase reactive power [5 marks] (©) Voltage regulation of the machine [5 marks] Solution: a) Delivered per phase active power: 2 V(X) paves sind + VK Xo sin 25 a aX, 107(1-0.85) 210220 sn(10) +E sin(2) = 8022.55 + 1330.86 = 9353.41 x1x03 b) Delivered per phase reactive power: in? 2 Leos -V7| S85, 2088 i; Xe Mp 210620 og (10) — arose 0. (10) , cos 2(10) 085 7 coro. 4549812-4433467 =1163.45VAR ©) Voltage regulation: 220-210 ru x 100% = "9 7 To * 100% = 4.76%