Chemistry lab

NAME: RIANNA SOLOMON

DATE: OCTOBER 9TH

SUBJECT:CHEMISTRY

TEACHER: MS. BARNES

LAB#:1

TITLE: SEPERATION TECHNIQUE (PAPER CHROMOTAGRAPHY)

AIM: Explain how chromatography depends on the differences in solubility of the components in
the solvent used.

ABSTRACT: The title of the lab is ‘separation technique’. The aim of the lab is to explain how

chromatography depends on the differences in solubility of the components in the solvent used.

Paper Chromatography is used to separate several so lutes which are present in a solution. The
solutes

are usually colored and travel through absorbent paper at different speeds, example: the dyes in

black ink or pigments in chlorophyll. The solutes are separated based on:

• How soluble each one is in the solvent used.

 • How strongly each one is attracted to the paper used.

You can identify components in paper chromatography by calculating their RF VALUE and
comparing

them to those in a database. Paper chromatography using a non -polar solvent is therefore a
type of chromatography.

APPARATUS:

Introduction: Paper Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a

mixture into its

components. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid solvent called the mobile phase, while it comes

through a system on which is a material called the stationery phase is fixed.

Chromatography is used to separate several solutes which are present in a solu tion. Many inks
and
 food colorings are mixtures of two or more dyes, which can be separated by paper
chromatography.

In paper chromatography, the sample mixture is applied to a piece of chromatography or filter

paper,

the edge of the paper is immersed in a solvent, and the solvent moves up the paper by capillary

action. Components of the mixture are carried along with the solvent up the paper to varying
being along with the solvent .

Materials: Pencil, tissue paper, window marker, beaker, water and ru ler.

Procedure:

1. Cut the paper tissue in 4 sheets

2. Drew a horizontal line with plenty about 5cm from the lower edge of the sheet.
3. That will be the base line, the starting line where the samples will be spotted.
4. then drew two horizontal lines on the strip with help of pencil
5. Applied one dot of ink on the baseline
6. Make sure the dot is evenly spaced on the baseline and not too close to the edge
7. It may be helpful to use a pencil to mark the spots before placing the ink on the paper
8. Stand the paper in solution (100m)
9. After twenty minutes remove the paper strip from the solution calculate .

Results/Observations/calculations
TYPES OF MARKERS USED DISTANCE TRAVELED BY SOLVENT
COMPONENT
WHITE BOARD MARKER 0cm 8cm
RED WINDOW MARKER 8.2cm 9.4cm
BLUE WINDOW MARKER 8.5cm 8.5cm
YELLOW WINDOW MARKER 2.5cm 4.5cm
BLACK PEN INK 0cm 8.4cm

Discussions:

We discussed that paper chromatography is a technique that is used to separate and identify
components of a mixture.

We also made mention of the different solutes and solvents , why they reacted different, why the

estimate of the solvents were different, why the components traveled thus far.

We discussed the observations of each results , how to calculate the RF VALUE .

Conclusion:

Paper Chromatography
Paper Chromatography is used for separating chemicals based on their different

properties (ex: solubility, size, mass, etc.) and thus, allows scientists to distinguish various

organic and inorganic materials. This technique is commonly used in crime scenes or in

laboratories to identify an unknown compound by comparing it to known compounds.

Paper Chromatography is divided into two phases: Stationary Phase and Mobile Phase.

Stationary Phase describes the paper before the solvents start to move up and mobile phases is when

the solvents travel up the chromatography while carrying the solute.

References: https://www.britannica.com/science/paper-chromatography

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