Coyptogame (Gees) tes Diversity in the Living World Algae Photosymthesizing aquatic organisms ‘Thallophytes 1. Undifferentiated body called thallus 2. No vaccular aystem 43. Reproduction: sexsal and asexual ° Lichens Symbiotic association of alga and fungus Bryophytes + Mosses 1. Green, grow elose together ikea mat 1.No proper root and shoot system Serr ie 2 Green eae structures which 2. Seal and ssenual mode of photosynthesize reproduction in cycle called 3. Novvascular system iteration of generation “4 Reproduction: cexual and aeexsal Liverworts Undifferentiated, lobed body calle thallus Homworts Homlike reproductive bodies Preridophytes Fems 1. Large leaves with leaflets 1. Vascular system present 2 Differentiated root and shoot systems 2. Show alternation of generations 3. Reprodkiction: sexual and acexal 1. Naked seeds borne on scales of cones [— Gymnosperms + conifers ‘Evergreen 2. No flowers Paltlike L__ ngiosperms + — Monocotyledons 1 Flowering plants 1 Sing ingle cotyledon, 2 Seeds contained in fait 2 Fone retopaen +. Parallel venation ‘4. Complex arrangement of vascular bundles Dicotyledons 1 Two cotyledons 2Tap root system 3. Reticulate venation 44. Vascular bundles atranged inatingsa Foundation Science: Biology for Class 9 [— Porifera (sponges) 1. Aquatie sessile 2 Notiesuee 3, Presence of epongocoe!: water and nutrients enter through ostia and leave through osc 44 Skeleton of spicules 5. Reproduction—esexusl: by budding or gemmules; sexual: hermephrodites [Cnidaria (coslenterates) 1. Gastrovaceular cavity called coeenteron 2. Cells organized into tissues; diplobastc body wall 3 Stinging cells called nematobast,orenidoblasts 44 Two forms: polyp and medusa; some change form 5. Reproduction: sexual and asexual show alteration of generations |—Platyhelminthes (Batworm) 2. Bilaterally symmetvcal, dorsoventally fat, triploblastic 2, Acoelomate, incomplete gut with only amouth and no ans 5. Fame cells for excretion 4. reliving or parasitic i $ tapout eral nd sera nota ermapaes i—+t_—Aschelminthes(roundworme) 1 Bilaterally symmeticl,unsegmented, riplablastic 2, Peeudocoelom contains internal organs, complete tubular gut 3. Most are free-living: some are parasitic and disease-causing 44 Reproduction: sexual; sexes separate [Annelida (eegmented worms) 1. Segmented internally seperated by septa 2. Chitinouschaets, or setae, for locomation 3, True coelom; gut with special regions or hermaphrodite 1. Largest phylum of organiems with jointed lege 2. Segmented body with exoskeleton of chitin and protein, moulting for growth [3 Malpighian tubules for excretion in inet and green glands for excretion in crustaceans 4 Open circulatory system tubular, porous heart pumps haemolymph into haemecoe, lod is Bish in some forms 5. Respiration through gil (in crustaceans), tracheal system (in insets), book lungs (i spiders) §5, Some have compound eyes spiders have spinneres for spinning webs; spiders and scorpions have poison glands; centipedes have poison claws, crustaceans have a hard covering called carapace 7. Reproduction: sexual; sexes separate 8. Many change form or undergo metamorphosis during growth [—Motuses 1. Softbodied, unsegmented, bilaterally symmetecal 2. Body has 3 parts—head, dorsal hump, ventral muscular foot; hump covered by mante, which secretes calerous shell 5. Respiration by ills called ctenidia or through mand cavity 4. Rasping, tongue-lke radula for feeding, digestive organ called hepatopancreas 5. Open circulatory system, blood is bluish 6. Reproduction: sexual mostly unisexual, some hermaphroditeBechinodermata Diversity in the Living World 1 Marine, mostly sessile spiny skinned with exoskeleton of ealeareous plates 2 Water vascular system consisting of fud-containing canals bladder, and tube fet fr locomotion, exchange of gases 8. Reprodicton: sexual sexes separate i and feeding Hemichordata 4 Body has 3 parts—proboscis cola, runk 5 Reproduction: sewual sexes separate a 1. Presence of notochord 2. Nerve cord 83. Gill ets or pharyngeal cette 44 Post ana tail 5 Blood cri von systems 1. Between invertebrates and chordates wormbike,unsegmente, bilaterally symmetrical 2.Nonotochord nerve cord restricted to collar raion 5 Gil its similar to chordatee Urochordata Cephalochordata Vertebrata 1 Marine sessile 1. Transparent, fishlike, without 1. Vertebral column, 2. Unsegmented body covered by tunkin brain and eyes 2. Nervous system inches 3.Gill its present 2. Notochord throughout body, nerve brain enclosed in eransum 4. Larvae have notochord in tal relrogresive metamorphosis cord above notochord 2. Presence of ill and tal A.Noheart 5. Exeretion through protonepheid ‘Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous sh) 1, Skeleton of cartiage 2. Pscoid scales 3-Fleshy ins 4.Gil without ‘operculum 5.10: chambered heart 6. Cold-blooded 7. Unison, intemal ferszation, Ostechthyes ony fh) 1 Skeleton of bone 2.Ctenoid or eyeoid scales 3. Membranou fine 4. Gills covered by opercalum 5.Two- chambered hear 6.Colé-blooded 17 Fersliznton: external Amphibia Reptla 1 Livesnwater 1. Dry scaly sndonland. impermeable 2iwopaisot skin pentdacyle 2 Two pazsof Iimbs pentadatle 5: Moist sin Tinbe without cles 3. Repirtion A Three: through ngs chambered Heart= twa here dls, parly S.Cold-blowded vided an sentile ferllaton 5-Coldblooded Tapaehave 6 Internal fuisand giles fertization Sedergo7.Eggs with yolk smetamarphosis and hell se anata LSincvdhy 1 Skn coved wih mae tetris wap tated” pene ints wings '3. Respiration through 3. Strong, light hen * skeleton; mee Bieitny—_‘ursnbend tour ine on teser toupee feeding into thorax and + Sone wen sun? SWamblooded gphagm ihn Nett tian ra etn ESI Emin deepen ler, young ones Feed on mil fom ‘mammary glands