Sunlight

1. (i) 2AgBr(s) 2Ag(s) + Br2(g)

(ii) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
1. Black precipitate of CuS.
2. (a) 2NaOH + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + 2H2O
CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4
2. A chemical reaction is balanced on the basis of law (b) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O
Sunlight
of conservation of mass. 3. (i) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) C6H12O6(s)
3. It is because water contains hydrogen and oxygen in + 6O2(g)
the ratio of 2 : 1. (ii) In desert plants the stomata are open at night.
They take carbon dioxide at night and is stored
4. (a) C O2 CO2 H2O
(Carbon ) in the form of acid and that is used during day
5. As the properties of compound (H2O) are different time for photosynthesis.
from properties of its constituting elements, i.e. H2 4. Yellow precipitate of lead iodide PbI2 is formed. It is
and O2. So, H2O is used in extinguishing fire. precipitation reaction.
6. The most important condition necessary for a It is also known as double displacement reaction.
chemical change is the formation of new products. Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq)
7. Quicklime reacts with water to form slaked lime and 5. (i) It is because zinc has displaced copper from
produces lot of heat and hissing sound. CuSO4. Zinc metal has been used to form zinc
sulphate, thus, number of holes were noticed.
CaO(s) H 2 O(l ) Ca(OH) 2 (s) + heat
Quicklime
(Calcium oxide)
Water Slaked lime
(Calcium hydroxide)
(ii) Zn(s) CuSO 4 (aq) ZnSO 4 (aq) Cu(s)
Blue Colourless
+ hissing sound
6. 3BaCl2(aq) + A12(SO4)3(aq) 3BaSO4(s)
8. Photochemical reaction: The reaction which occurs
in presence of light is known as photochemical + 2AlCl3(aq)
reaction. This reaction is classified as double displacement as
9. AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq) well as precipitation reaction

10. 2Pb(NO3)2 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2 7. Those reactions in which both oxidation and
reduction takes place simultaneously are called redox
11. The reaction which represent a chemical change is reactions.
called a chemical reaction
(i) PbO gets reduced and C gets oxidised in the
12. Sulphur following reaction.
13. The basic difference is that in physical change, (ii) MnO2 gets reduced and HCl gets oxidised in the
no new substance is formed, while in a chemical given reaction.
change, new substance(s) is/are formed.
8. The colour of ferrous sulphate FeSO4 is pale green.
14. (a) CaCO3 CaO + CO2 (gas) The colour changes into reddish brown on heating
(b) CuSO 4 Fe FeSO 4 Cu due to formation of iron (III) oxide Fe2O3.
(blue) (green )
9. (i) Pb(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) 2KI(aq) PbI 2 (s)
15. Silver chloride becomes grey. It is a photochemical Colourless Colourless Yellow ppt.

decomposition reaction. + 2KNO3(aq)

sunlight (ii) CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2 + heat
2AgCl 2Ag + Cl2
In this reaction heat is released

40 EQUIP STUDY MATERIAL CLASS-X

 10. (a) White precipitate of barium sulphate is formed. (b) (i) P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) 4PCl5(s)
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) (ii) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
White ppt. White + heat energy
+ 2NaCl(aq) (iii) C6H12O6(s) + 6O2(g) 6CO2 (aq)
(b) It is because iron displaces copper from CuSO4 + 6H2O(l) + energy
to form FeSO4 which is pale green.
5. The substance ‘A’ is calcium oxide (CaO), element is
Fe(s) + CuSO4 (aq) FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s) calcium. Calcium oxide is used in cement industry.
Blue Pale green
Calcium is present in bones in form of calcium
11. ‘Al’ is reducing agent in the reaction. phosphate Ca3(PO4)2.
‘Al is more reactive than Mn so, ‘Al’ displaces Mn Calcium oxide dissolves in water forming alkali
from its oxide MnO2. which turns red litmus blue.
CaO(s) H 2 O(l ) Ca(OH) 2 (aq)
Calcium oxide Calcium hydroxide
A (limewater )
1. (1) Pb(COOCH3)2(aq) + 2HCl(dil.) PbCl2(s)
electricity
+ 2CH3COOH(l) 6. (a) (i) 2H2O 2H2(g) + O2
heat
(2) 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) 2H2O(l) + 2SO2(g) (ii) CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Sunlight
(3) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) (iii) 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2
(4) 2Na(s) + 2C2H5OH(l) 2C2H5ONa(l) (b) Copper can displace silver from AgNO3 because
+ H2(g) copper is more reactive than Ag
2. Cu + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)
(a) The two ways by which rancidity can be
prevented by:
(i) Adding antioxidants to food containing fat and 1. –1
oil, e.g. BHA is added to butter as antioxidant. Let the oxidation no. of oxygen in H2O2 be x
(ii) By packaging fat and oil containing foods in (x × 2) + ((+1) × 2) = 0
nitrogen gas.
2x + 2 = 0
(b) (i) By electrolysis molten NaCl is decomposed
to form sodium metal.
Electric 2. +2
2NaCl Current 2Na + Cl2
Sodium chloride Sodium melal Chlorine In K4[Fe(CN)6]:
(molten)

(ii) Aluminium metal is obtained by electric

decomposition of bauxite ore mixed with
cryolite. 3. –1
(iii) In thermal decomposition carbonate ores 4. +1
are decomposed to give metal oxide that on Oxidation no. of chlorine in ClO
reduction give metal
ion-
3. (1) Pb3O4 (Red lead). It is also called Sindur used
by married ladies. It is an oxidant (oxidising
agent).
(2) O2 is oxidising agent. 5. Zero
(3) CuSO4 is oxidising agent.
(4) V2O5 is oxidising agent.
(5) H2O is oxidising agent.
4. (a) Balanced chemical equation has an equal
number of atoms of different elements in the 1. (b) Silver react with H2S in air to form silver
reactants and products. According to law of sulphide 2Ag + H2S Ag2S + H2.
conservation of mass, matter can neither be 2. (a) Aluminium is less reactive than Mg. So it will
created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction. react with MgSO4 solution.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS & EQUATIONS 41

 3. (a) Fe H 2 O O 2 Fe 2 O3 xH 2 O 24. (a) In this reaction H2 gets oxidised and CuO
(X) (Y)
Reddish Brown
reduced to Cu. So both oxidation and reduction take
4. (b) Mg + CuSO4(aq) MgSO4(aq) + Cu place
blue colour white 25. (d) Water gas CO + H2
5. (a) AgCl is sensitive to sunlight if it stored in 26. (a) Sodium benzoate is used as food preservative.
normal bottle, decomposition takes place. 27. (b) A neutralization reaction is also known double
6. (a) Rancidity is oxidation of oils & fats. displacement reaction. In this two reactants mutual
exchange their ions to give two new products. For
Cu HNO3 Cu(NO3 ) 2 NO O2
7. (a) (Conc.)
3
Nitrogen
example
dioxide
2HCl(aq) + BaSO4(aq) BaCl2(aq) + H2SO4
8. (d) Displacement reactions are redox in nature. 28. (d) Respiration is oxidation and exothermic process.
9. (c) Zn CuSO 4 (aq) ZnSO 4 (aq) Cu 29. (b) When a Mg ribbon is burnt in air, the ash formed
(Blue) (Colourless)
is of magnesium oxide that is white in colour.
10. (a) Chloro-fluoro carbons (CFCs) are called freons. 2Mg(s) + O2
11. (d) Pungent smelling, brown fumes are evolved 30. (a) The green colour of ferrous sulphate crystals
due to formation of NO2 gas and yellow coloured converts into brownish black ferric oxide and smell
residue of lead oxide (PbO) is left. of burning sulphur is evolved due to SO2 and SO3.
2Pb(NO3)2(s) 2PbO(s) + 4NO2(g) + O2(g)(1) 2FeSO4(s) heating
Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
yellow
12. (d) In this reaction HCl is oxidised to Cl2, while
MnO2 is reduced to MnCl2. 1. (c) At reaction temperature, both hydrogen and
13. (c) 2H 2 O(l) Current
2H 2 (g) O 2 (g) oxygen are in gaseous forms which react together
to produce water (H2O) in liquid form.
Electrolysis of water is on example of decomposition
reaction. 2. (b) 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
14. (c) 2Fe + 6HCl 2FeCl2 + 3H2 A B Y X
(Iron (II) colourless yellow ppt.

chloride) 3. (c) HCl Na 2 CO3 NaCl CO 2 H 2O

(X) (Y) (Z) (D)
15. (b) 2Cu(NO3 ) 2 2CuO 4NO 2 O 2 NaCl H 2 O CO 2 NH 3 NaHCO 3 NH 4 Cl
16. (c) Zinc nitrate is formed in the reaction (Baking soda )

Zn + 2AgNO3 3)2 + 2Ag X is HCl and Y is Na2CO3.

17. (a) MnO2 is oxidising agent because it is removing
hydrogen from HCl to form Cl2. 4. (a) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl2(aq) + H2
18. (b) Iodine is purple in colour H2 produce burn with poping sound. ZnCl2 is
colourless solution
19. (c) Heat
CaCO3 CaO CO2 5. (b) Rusting of iron is an example of oxidation
Lime Stone Quick lime
reaction.
Heat
CaO H2O Ca(OH)2 6. (d) S O2 SO
Quick lim e Slaked lim e 2
(A) (Pungent smelling gas)
yellow
20. (d) It is an example of displacement reaction. In this
SO 2 H 2 O H SO
reaction Al metal displaces iron from Fe2O3 when (B)
2 3
Sulphurous acid
reaction takes place in aqueous solution. Thus A is S and B is SO2
21. (c) Mg + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2 + Heat
7. (a) Mg Cl2 MgCl2 Mg(OH) 2
When Mg gets dissolve in hot water, it forms
Mg(OH)2. (Water soluble)
MgCl2 is ionic compound (ionic compound will
22. (c) As iron is placed above copper in reactivity
have high melting and boiling point)
series. So Cu will not displace Fe from its solution.
8. (b) Heat is required to decompose calcium carbonate.
23. (d) This reaction is double displacement and
precipitation as well because insoluble silver chloride This reaction is endothermic reaction as reaction
AgCl gets precipitated out. proceeds with absorption of heat.

42 EQUIP STUDY MATERIAL CLASS-X

 9. (c) The reaction in which both reduction and
oxidation are involved are known as redox reactions.
Oxidation Oxidation
1. (c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
Sn4+ is more stable than Sn2+. Therefore, Sn2+
Cu + I2 CuI2 ; Fe + S FeS gets oxidised to Sn4+ by losing 2 electrons when it
reacts with mercuric chloride, i.e., SnCl2 act as an
Reduction Reduction reducing agent.
Hg2Cl2 + SnCl2 2Hg + SnCl4
Oxidation
(grey ppt)
10. (c) 2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 2. (b) The correct reason for given assertion is that
corrosion occurs due to oxidation of iron.
Reduction 3. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and
Oxidising agent are those substance that donate Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
electrons while reducing agent are those substance 4. (a) As, heat is released along with the formation of
that accepts electrons. products in exothermic reactions.
5. (c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
Thus Cl2 acts as an oxidising agent.
Photosynthesis process is known as an endothermic
11. (a) Especially AgCl/AgBr undergo decomposition in reaction as energy in the form of sunlight is absorbed
the presence of sunlight to give silver metal and a by the green plants.
halogen gas (chlorine or bromine gas). 6. (a) Reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
Reduction Lime water contains small amount of calcium
12. (b)
hydroxide dissolved in it. It reacts with CO2 gas to
O 2 + H2 H2O form a white precipitate of calcium carbonate.
Oxidation Ca(OH) 2 CO 2 (g) CaCO3 (s) H 2 O(g)
(lim e water) (White ppt )

Na /C 2 H5 OH
13. (c) CH 3CN CH3CH 2 NH 2
(X)

HNO 2 [O] Case-Based-I

CH 3CH 2 OH CH 3CHO
(Y) (Z) 1. (b) H2O2 is oxidised to O2, hence acts as a reducing
14. (d) CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4 is an example of agent.
double decomposition type of reaction. 2. (a) H2O2 is reduced to H2O and oxidises H2S to S.
Hence, it is acts as an oxidising agent.
15. (a) The reaction that occur in test tube I is: 3. (b) Mn7+ changes to Mn2+ by gaining 5 electrons
Na2CO3 2O + CO2 (reduction).
Carbon dioxide is the colouless gas that is evolved Case-Based-II
in test tube (I) 1. (b) Haber’s process is used for the manufacturing
In test tube (II), no reaction will occur. of ammonia that involves combination of elements
16. (d) All the statements given are correct. nitrogen and Hydrogen.
17. (b) Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O 2NaHCO3 2. (d) Ostwald’s process of manufacturing of HNO3. It
involves combination of compounds i.e. NO2, H2O
Oxidation with element oxygen.
18. (a) v. Mg + CuO MgO + Cu 3. (c) Combination of ethylene and water produces
ethyl alcohol
Reduction Case-Based-III
ii. Copper is displaced by Mg. 1. (a) Na2CO3-sodium carbonate
Thus option (a) is correct 2. (b) Carbon dioxide-Y
19. (b) aP4 + bCl2 cPCl5 3. (c) Calcium carbonate
(Y)
P4 + 10 Cl2 4 PCl5 Na2CO3 + H2SO4 2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
Thus, in the reaction a, b and c are 1, 10 and 4 (X) Ca(OH)2
CaCO3
respectively (Z)

CHEMICAL REACTIONS & EQUATIONS 43

 Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)
2NaNO3(aq) + Pb(OH) 2
1. (a,c) It is an example of combination reaction as well white ppt
as redox reaction in which oxidation and reduction Compound is Pb(NO3)2
take place. Ions that are present in compound are Pb2+ and
2. (a,c,d) It is an example of combination reaction as NO3–
well as redox reaction. Combination reactions are 5. (c) Cu + 4HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
also known as synthesis reactions. 6. (d)
3. (a,c) Electrolysis of water gives hydrogen gas and (1) NH4OH + CH3COOH CH3COONH4 + H2O
oxygen gas.
It is a neutralization type of reaction in which
4. (b,c) Basic copper carbonate contains copper acid is neutralized by base or vice-versa.
carbonate and copper hydroxide.
(2) 2AgBr 2Ag + Br2 is an example of
5. (a,b,c) Redox reactions are those that involve both photochemical type of reaction which takes
reduction and oxidation with transfer of electrons. place in presence of light.
(3) ZnCO3 ZnO + CO2 is an example of thermal
decomposition reaction that takes place on
1. (b) heating a substance.
(vapour)
heat (4) 2Al Fe 2 O 3 2Fe Al 2 O 3 is an example
(solid) A B + HCl
cool (vapour) Thermite
NH4Cl NH3
of thermite reaction. This reaction takes place in
) .
( aq

presence of heat and reduction-oxidation both

N a eat
OH
h

take place.
HCl (con) (shake well) 7. (b) In activity series metals are arranged in decreasing
C D NH4Cl E HCl
H2 O order of the reactivity. The metals that are present
NH3(g) (acidic soln.)
at top of the series are highly reactive and they can
A = NH4Cl; D = NH4Cl displace the metals that present at the bottom.
Therefore correct statement is: A and D are 8. (c) In this reaction, conversion of liquid to gas is an
chemically same. endothermic process.
2. (b) Zn(s) + 2AgNO3(aq.) Zn(NO3)2 (aq) 9. (a) On thermal decomposition of CaCO3
+ 2Ag(s). CaCO3 CaO CO 2
100 g 56 g 44 g
This reaction is feasible as zinc is more reactive
than silver. So, it will displace Ag from AgNO3 to 44g CO2 is formed from 100g CaCO3
give zinc nitrate and silver 4.40g CO is formed from 100 44 = 10g CaCO3
Reactivity order 44
Zinc > Iron > Tin > Lead > Hydrogen > Coper > If weight of CaCO3 is 10g, Thus, weight of empty
Silver > Gold. test tube = 30.08 – 10.0 = 20.08 g
3. (b) (a), (c) and (d) are the example of thermal type 10. (a) Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in the
of decomposition. Limestone (CaCO3) is heated presence of dil. H2SO4, i.e. in acidic medium, acts
strongly to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. as a strong oxidising agent. In acidic medium,
KMnO4 oxidises ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphate.
CaCO3 CaO CO 2
2KMnO 4 8H 2SO 4 10FeSO4
When (2NaHCO3) is heated to form sodium Ferrous
carbonate, carbon dioxide and water. sulphate

When mercuric oxide is heated, mercury and oxygen K 2SO 4 5Fe2 (SO 4 )3 2MnSO 4 8H 2 O
Ferric sulphate
is formed.
11. (c) As in case of beakers A and B, heat is given
2HgO 2Hg O 2 out, Thus, temperature became high, Thus, it is
1 an exothermic reaction while in beaker C, heat
4. (d) Pb(NO3 ) 2 PbO 2NO 2 O2
A Yellow Reddish 2 is absorbed from water, Thus, temperature falls,
brown
fumes Therefore, it is an endothermic process.

44 EQUIP STUDY MATERIAL CLASS-X

 12. (a) In the given reaction, potassium chlorate (KClO3) 14. (a)
decomposes to give potassium chloride(KCl) and CaCO3 mineral acid CO 2 Ca (OH) 2
CaCO3
(Y)
oxygen (O2). In the given reaction heat is supplied for (X) (X)
the reaction to take place. Thus, it is a decomposition
reaction that is also endothermic in nature Ca(OH) 2 Cl2 CaOCl 2
(Y) (Z) Bleaching power
13. (d) Oxidation is addition of oxygen to form oxides. During electrolysis of brine, Cl2 obtained at anode
Reduction is addition of hydrogen to form hydrides.
In reaction, 15. (d) Balanced reaction is
O2(g) + H2(g) H2O(l) 3Pb(NO3)2 + 2AlCl3 2Al(NO3)3 + 3PbCl2
In this reaction, both oxidation of hydrogen and Thus, a = 3, b = 2, c = 2, d = 3
reduction of oxygen take place.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS & EQUATIONS 45