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0483 - Trần Công Sơn - Bài Thực Hành Số 5
0483 - Trần Công Sơn - Bài Thực Hành Số 5
Bài 1. Để đánh giá chất lượng chuối già và chuối sứ được trồng ở Thống Nhất, Đồng
Nai người ta tiến hành lấy mẫu ngẫu nhiên và phân tích các chỉ tiêu gồm: khối lượng
(g/ quả), chất khô tổng số (TS - %), chất khô hoà tan tổng số (TSS - %), protein (P-
g/100g ăn được), lipid (L - g/100 g ăn được) carbohydrate (Car- g/100 g ăn được) và
kali (K – mg/100g ăn được). Kết quả thu được như sau:
Bài làm
Giong<-
c("G","S","S","G","G","S","G","G","G","S","S","G","S","G","G",
"S","S","S","S","G","G","S","S","S","G","G","S","G","S","S","S",
"G","G","S","S","G","S","G","S","S")
m<-c(120,
105,100,128,125,98,121,117,124,101,103,122,106,127,114,109,104,105,108,1
18,116,104,107,99,116,114,95,117,107,106,96,115,123,105,107,128,104,119,1
10,102)
ts<-
c(25.6,18.5,16.8,28,26.7,16.7,24.9,27.5,23.8,15.9,16,25.8,17.2,27.3,23.9,15.9,1
6.5,17.1,15.8,27,24.7,16.8,15.7,17.3,25.3,24.8,15.5,26.4,16.2,16.7,17.5,26.6,25
.7,16.7,16.4,23.9,15.5,24.7,17,16.4)
tss<-
c(22.4,12.5,13.3,25.9,24.2,13.1,22.7,25.1,21.9,12,12.7,22.8,13.7,22.9,21.3,11.6
,12.3,13.6,12.9,23.8,21.3,12.6,11.9,12.8,22.5,22,12.2,23.6,12.6,13,13.8,22.5,22
.1,12.7,12.2,20.2,11.4,22.3,13.7,12.5)
p<-c(2.01,1.15,0.97,2.25,1.97,0.87,1.85,2.14,1.79,0.85,0.92,1.77,0.85,1.79,
1.59,0.82,0.91,1.08,0.75,2.26,1.89,0.87,0.75,0.79,2.09,1.95,0.87,1.91,0.86,0.94
,1.08,2.24,2.13,0.85,0.82,1.78,0.77,1.99,1.01,0.82)
l<-
c(0.31,0.23,0.32,0.28,0.27,0.19,0.3,0.28,0.27,0.19,0.21,0.25,0.22,0.28,0.29,0.2
2,0.19,0.2,0.18,0.28,0.25,0.19,0.18,0.2,0.25,0.23,0.17,0.24,0.19,0.19,0.21,0.28,
0.25,0.21,0.19,0.24,0.17,0.24,0.21,0.19)
car<-
c(22,12.6,13.2,25.5,23.6,12.3,21.8,24.7,21,11.2,11.5,21.6,12.1,21.9,20.5,10.2,1
1.4,12.1,11.5,22.1,20.5,11.2,10.9,11.6,21.7,21.1,11.5,22,11,12.2,12.6,21.2,21,1
1.4,11.9,18.5,10,21.2,12.4,11.3)
k<-
c(320,286,180,329,321,282,325,327,324,283,281,279,285,327,320,279,280,28
1,285,327,322,283,285,279,321,325,278,320,283,282,277,320,329,281,281,32
3,279,319,285,281)
table<-data.frame(Giong,m,ts,tss,p,l,car,k)
table
mG<-
c(120,128,125,121,117,124,122,127,114,118,116,116,114,117,115,123,128,11
9)
mG[order(mG)]
[1] 114 114 115 116 116 117 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 127 128
128
mean(mG)
[1] 120.2222
sd(mG)
[1] 4.747204
U1=(mean(mG)-min(mG))/sd(mG)
[1] 1.310713
Un=(max(mG)-mean(mG))/sd(mG)
[1] 1.638391
Nhận xét:
tsG[order(tsG)]
[1] 23.8 23.9 23.9 24.7 24.7 24.8 24.9 25.3 25.6 25.7 25.8 26.4 26.6 26.7 27.0
mean(tsG)
[1] 25.7
sd(tsG)
[1] 1.301583
U1=(mean(tsG)-min(tsG))/sd(tsG)
[1] 1.459761
Un=(max(tsG)-mean(tsG))/sd(tsG)
[1] 1.767079
Nhận xét:
tssG<-
c(22.4,25.9,24.2,22.7,25.1,21.9,22.8,22.9 ,21.3 ,23.8,21.3 ,22.5,22.0,23.6 ,22.5,
22.1,20.2,22.3)
tssG[order(tssG)]
[1] 20.2 21.3 21.3 21.9 22.0 22.1 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.5 22.7 22.8 22.9 23.6 23.8
[16] 24.2 25.1 25.9
mean(tssG)
[1] 22.75
sd(tssG)
[1] 1.377658
U1=(mean(tssG)-min(tssG))/sd(tssG)
[1] 1.850968
Un=(max(tssG)-mean(tssG))/sd(tssG)
[1] 2.286489
Nhận xét:
pG<-
c(2.01,2.25 ,1.97 ,1.85 ,2.14 ,1.79 ,1.77,1.79,1.59,2.26,1.89,2.09,1.95,1.91 ,2.2
4,2.13,1.78,1.99)
pG[order(pG)]
[1] 1.59 1.77 1.78 1.79 1.79 1.85 1.89 1.91 1.95 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.09 2.13 2.14
mean(pG)
[1] 1.966667
sd(pG)
[1] 0.1903866
U1=(mean(pG)-min(pG))/sd(pG)
[1] 1.978431
Un=(max(pG)-mean(pG))/sd(pG)
[1] 1.540725
Nhận xét:
lG<-
c(0.31,0.28,0.27,0.30,0.28,0.27,0.25,0.28,0.29,0.28 ,0.25,0.25,0.23,0.24,0.28,0.
25,0.24,0.24 )
lG[order(lG)]
[1] 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
mean(lG)
[1] 0.2661111
sd(lG)
[1] 0.02304443
U1=(mean(lG)-min(lG))/sd(lG)
[1] 1.567021
Un=(max(lG)-mean(lG))/sd(lG)
[1] 1.904534
Nhận xét:
CarG<-
c(22.0,25.5,23.6,21.8,24.7,21.0,21.6,21.9,20.5,22.1,20.5,21.7,21.1,22.0,21.2,21
.0,18.5,21.2)
CarG[order(CarG)]
[1] 18.5 20.5 20.5 21.0 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.2 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 22.0 22.0 22.1
mean(CarG)
[1] 21.77222
sd(CarG)
[1] 1.577714
U1=(mean(CarG)-min(CarG))/sd(CarG)
[1] 2.074027
Un=(max(CarG)-mean(CarG))/sd(CarG)
[1] 2.362771
Nhận xét:
KG<-
c(320,329,321,325,327,324,279,327,320,327,322,321,325,320,320,329,323,31
9)
KG[order(KG)]
[1] 279 319 320 320 320 320 321 321 322 323 324 325 325 327 327 327 329
329
mean(KG)
[1] 321
sd(KG)
[1] 10.99198
U1=(mean(KG)-min(KG))/sd(KG)
[1] 3.820969
Un=(max(KG)-mean(KG))/sd(KG)
[1] 0.7278036
Nhận xét:
mS<-
c(105,100,98,101,103,106,109,104,105,108,104,107,99,95,107,106,96,105,107
,104,110,102)
mS[order(mS)]
[1] 95 96 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 104 104 105 105 105 106 106 107 107
107
mean(mS)
[1] 103.6818
sd(mS)
[1] 4.075319
U1= (mean(mS)-min(mS))/sd(mS)
[1] 2.130341
Un= (max(mS)-mean(mS))/sd(mS)
[1] 1.550353
Nhận xét:
tsS<-
c(18.5,16.8,16.7,15.9,16.0,17.2,15.9,16.5,17.1,15.8,16.8,15.7,17.3,15.5,16.2,16
.7,17.5,16.7,16.4,15.5,17.0,16.4)
tsS[order(tsS)]
[1] 15.5 15.5 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.9 16.0 16.2 16.4 16.4 16.5 16.7 16.7 16.7 16.8
mean(tsS)
[1] 16.55
sd(tsS)
[1] 0.7301337
U1=(mean(tsS)-min(tsS))/sd(tsS)
[1] 1.438093
Un=(max(tsS)-mean(tsS))/sd(tsS)
[1] 2.670744
Nhận xét:
tssS<-
c(12.5,13.3,13.1,12.0,12.7,13.7 ,11.6,12.3,13.6,12.9,12.6,11.9,12.8 ,12.2,12.6,1
3.0 ,13.8 ,12.7 ,12.2 ,11.4,13.7,12.5 )
tssS[order(tssS)]
[1] 11.4 11.6 11.9 12.0 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.5 12.5 12.6 12.6 12.7 12.7 12.8 12.9
mean(tssS)
[1] 12.68636
sd(tssS)
[1] 0.6713848
U1=(mean(tssS)-min(tssS))/sd(tssS)
[1] 1.915986
Un=(max(tssS)-mean(tssS))/sd(tssS)
[1] 1.658715
Nhận xét:
pS[order(pS)]
[1] 0.75 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.91
mean(pS)
[1] 0.8909091
sd(pS)
[1] 0.1090177
U1=(mean(pS)-min(pS))/sd(pS)
[1] 1.292535
Un=(max(pS)-mean(pS))/sd(pS)
[1] 2.376596
Nhận xét:
lS<-
c(0.23,0.32,0.19,0.19,0.21,0.22,0.22,0.19 ,0.20 ,0.18 ,0.19,0.18 ,0.20,0.17,0.19
,0.19 ,0.21 ,0.21,0.19 ,0.17,0.21 ,0.19)
lS[order(lS)]
[1] 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.21
[1] 0.2022727
sd(lS)
[1] 0.0306954
U1=(mean(lS)-min(lS))/sd(lS)
[1] 1.051386
Un=(max(lS)-mean(lS))/sd(lS)
[1] 3.835339
Nhận xét:
CarS<-
c(12.6,13.2,12.3,11.2,11.5,12.1,10.2,11.4,12.1,11.5,11.2,10.9,11.6,11.5,11.0,12
.2,12.6,11.4,11.9,10.0,12.4,11.3)
CarS[order(CarS)]
[1] 10.0 10.2 10.9 11.0 11.2 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.4 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.6 11.9 12.1
mean(CarS)
[1] 11.64091
sd(CarS)
[1] 0.7713063
U1=(mean(CarS)-min(CarS))/sd(CarS)
[1] 2.127442
Un=(max(CarS)-mean(CarS))/sd(CarS)
[1] 2.021364
Nhận xét:
KS<-
c(286,180,282,283,281,285,279,280,281,285,283,285,279,278,283,282,277,28
1,281,279,285,281)
KS[order(KS)]
[1] 180 277 278 279 279 279 280 281 281 281 281 281 282 282 283 283 283
285 285
mean(KS)
[1] 277.0909
sd(KS)
[1] 21.82814
U1=(mean(KS)-min(KS))/sd(KS)
[1] 4.447971
Un=(max(KS)-mean(KS))/sd(KS)
[1] 0.4081471
Nhận xét:
=>do mean (tsG)= 25.7 > mean(ts trung bình)=25.6, tuy nhiên không đáng kể
nên TS của chuối già trồng ở Thống Nhất, Đồng Nai không khác mấy so với
giá trị TS trung bình
Bài 2. Để xác định ảnh hưởng của phương pháp sấy đến chất lượng cà rốt, bốn
phương pháp sấy được lựa chọn để so sánh gồm:
Hãy cho phương pháp sấy khác nhau có ảnh hưởng đến hàm lượng vitamin C
hay không?
Bài làm
phuongphapsay<-
c(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4)
vitC<-c(36.4, 39.7, 38.6, 32.7, 34.8, 35.1, 33.2, 37.8, 39.8, 32.4, 31.3,51.7, 53.1, 58.7,
56.1, 52.0, 69.8, 56.6, 52.7, 55.4, 52.8, 59.7,69.6, 68.9, 68.2, 62.3, 62.9, 61.1, 67.8,
69.6,58.2, 52.8, 56.2, 55.5, 54.9, 57.5, 53.3, 56.5, 52.5, 51.3, 50.6)
table<-data.frame(phuongphapsay,vitC)
phuongphapsay<-as.factor(phuongphapsay)
attach(table)
The following objects are masked _by_ .GlobalEnv:
phuongphapsay, vitC
analysis<-lm(vitC~phuongphapsay)
anova(analysis)
Analysis of Variance Table
Response: vitC
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
phuongphapsay 3 4851.5 1617.2 114.67 < 2.2e-16 ***
Residuals 37 521.8 14.1
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
res<-aov(vitC~phuongphapsay)
TukeyHSD(res)
Tukey multiple comparisons of means
95% family-wise confidence level
$phuongphapsay
diff lwr upr p adj
2-1 20.618182 16.311110 24.925254 0.0000000
3-1 30.681818 25.988296 35.375341 0.0000000
4-1 18.863636 14.556565 23.170708 0.0000000
3-2 10.063636 5.370114 14.757159 0.0000075
4-2 -1.754545 -6.061617 2.552526 0.6943263
4-3 -11.818182 -16.511704 -7.124659 0.0000003
Nhận xét: Dựa vào số liệu trên, ta thấy phương pháp sấy khác nhau có ảnh hưởng rõ
rệt đến Vitamin C tuy nhiên phương pháp sấy chân không và vi sóng không có sự
khác biệt rõ rệt về vitamin C