Motivating employees- chap 11

Motivation refers to the overall desire to excel

The key to leadership success is: MOTIVATING OTHERS TO DO THEIR BEST.

An Intrinsic Reward is the good feeling you have when you have done a good job.

An Extrinsic Reward is something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work and
includes pay increases, praise, and promotions.

Human management concepts:

Scientific: ( view people as machines) : Taylor, Gantt, Gilbreth.

Behavioral: mayo, Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor, ouchi, vroom

Taylor:

increase productivity by doing things and then teaching workers

Elements: time, method, and rules

The Hawthorne effect

Mayo: human or psychological factors cause increases in worker performance. The Hawthorne effect
refers to the tendency for people to behave different when they know they are being monitored.

Hierarchy of needs

Maslow: the pyramid of needs. To motivate an employee, you must satisfy unmet needs. But a satisfied
need is no longer a motivator. Lower-level needs can pop up at any tome and take away from the
higher-level needs.

The pyramid includes:

Physiological: basic needs like food heat and cold

Safety: feel secure at work and at home

Social: feel love and accepted in the business

esteem: recognition and acknowledgment from the business
self-actualization: need to develop the fullest potential

Herzberg motivating factors:

employee satisfaction has two dimensions: hygiene and motivational:

hygiene: such as salary, supervision, peers

motivational: recognition and achievement

McGregor theory x and y:

Theory x:

-don’t like work

-avoid responsibility

-controlled
theory y:

-like work

-clever and creative

-seeks responsibility

Victor vroom: expectancy theory:

employee's beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence interact psychologically to create a
motivational force such that the employee acts in ways that bring pleasure and avoid pain.

Goal setting theory -MBO

MBO – Management by Objectives is a system of goal setting and implementation that involves a cycle
of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top- and middle-level managers, supervisors,
and employees.

Goal-setting theory is based on the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers

Reinforcement theory

Positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers, and punishers motivate a person to behave in certain ways

Equity theory

Equity theory looks at how employees’ perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform

Job enrichment

strategy used to motivate employees by giving them increased responsibility and variety in their jobs

open communication

communication must happen when employees are empowered to make decisions

job recognition

all the ways an organization shows its appreciation for employees' contributions.