| 2 Chapterwise Multichoice Objective Questions ‘CHAPTER -1 Q. 1. Irrigation is basically required in : (a) humid regions (b) arid regions (c) semi arid regions (@ all of the above. Q. 2. Irrigation may not be needed in : (a) England (b) Israel (c) India (d) none of the above. Q. 3. Pinpoint the correct statement : st) bathe and Oy ye erent (a) irrigation helps in adopting mixed cropping (6) ‘mixed cropping’ means sowing of a different crop after a particular crop has been grown (c) over-irrigation may lead to saving in fertilizers (@) irrigation helps in avoiding mixed cropping. |. ‘Flood irrigation’ method of irrigating fields, works best on : (a) level or gently rolling terrain (b) steeply rolling terrain (d@) none of the above. Q. 5. In flood irrigation, the preferred method of applying irrigation water to the comparatively steeper rolling land, is : (a) check flooding (b) boarder flooding (c) wild flooding (d) basin flooding. Q. 6. Fields enclosed by dikes, where rice is grown, are called : (a) paddies (b) furrows (c) basins (d) none of the above. Q. 7. The method of growing crops on ridges, running on the sides of water ditches, is known as : (a) flood irrigation (6) furrow irrigation ~=-(¢)-check-irrigation~~---~- ~--(d)none-of them. ~~~ on Q. 8. In a field under furrow irrigation, ‘furrows’ are referred to represent: (@ ridges on which crops are grown (b) narrow ditches which carry irrigation water (c) both (a) and (6) “ (@) neither (a) nor (6). 1260(CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1261 Q. 9. In a mildly water scarce area, the drip irrigation could be preferred for growing : (a) wheat (b) fodder (©) tice (@ fruits and vegetables. Q. 10. The most suitable water for irrigation is : (a) C 1—S1 (6) C2—S2 fee rete () C4-S1 @ C1—-S4. Q. 11. Addition of gypsum to the irrigation water is recommended to overcome dif- ficulties posed by : (a) highly saline irrigation supplies - (b) irrigation supplies containing high quantities of sodium (c) irrigation supplies containing heavy sediment (d) all of the above. Q. 12. The electrical conductivity of medium saline water (C 2) at 25°C is of the order of : (@ 50 to 100 pQ/em (b) 100—250 pQ/cm *(c) 250 to 750 pO/cem (d) 750—1500 pQ/cm. Q. 13. The Sodium Absorption Ratio of an irrigation water is 8. This water will be called : (a) low sodium water (b) medium sodium water (c) high sodium-water (d). none of the above. Q. 14. High sodium content in irrigation water is : (a) generally good (b) generally bad (c) generally good, but bad for a few crops (@) generally bad, but good for a few crops. = Qed 15, ‘Salinity-in-irrigation. water is. measured.b} e (a) SAR value (b) Electrical-conductivity value (c) pH-value (d) none of the above. Q. 16. The time required to irrigate a strip of area 0.203 hectare by a stream dis- charge of 0.043 cumec, to provide an average depth of 6.35 cm to the field, is : (assume average rate of infiltration to be 5 cm/h) (a) 2.75 hour (b) 1.35 hour (c) 1.5 hour (d) 1.90 hour. (Calcutta University) Q. 17. If the concentration of Na, Ca, and Mg in a water sample are 345, 60 and 18 mg/1, respectively, then the Sodiam Absorption Ratio (SAR) of this water will be : (@ 5 (b) 10. © 39 Wo ee, @ SS. CHAPTER 2 Q. 18. With the increase in supplied irrigation water, the yield of crops: (a) increases continuously (b) decreases continuously (c) increases up to a certain limit, and then becomes constant (d) increases up to a certain limit, and then decreases.% 1262 Qa 19. Q. 23. Q. 25. Q. 26. Q. 27. Q. 28. Q. 29. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES The most expected crops in a hot arid district of Rajasthan State in India, in the month of September, are : (a) Rice and Sugarcane (b) Bazra and Maize (c) Wheat and Maize (a) Tobacco and Cotton. . The maximum irrigation requirement of Rice crop is exhibited by its : (a) maximum delta value (b) maximum duty value ' (c) minimum duty value (d) none of the above. . The crop among the following, which is expected to have the maximum duty, is (a) Wheat (b) Rice 7 (c) Sugarcane (d) Cotton. . Kor-Watering is the irrigation water supplied to a crop : (a) at the time of its sowing (b) just before harvesting (c) about three weeks after sowing (d) about three weeks before harvesting. The duty of irrigation water for a given crop is maximum : (a) on the field (b) at the-head of the main canal (c) at the head of the water-course (d) none of them. |. The important Govt. reference made to the ‘duty for a crop,’ is usually re- lated to its duty : (a) on the field (b) at the head of the main canal (c) at the head of the water course (d) none of them. ‘The duty at the end point of a canal minor, where the-Govt. contro! usually ceases, is called : (a) duty on field (b) outlet duty (c) flow duty (d) storage duty. The first important watering of crops is usually called : (a) paleo watering (b) kor-watering (c) crop-watering (d) “all of the above. The crop sequence, which cannot serve any useful purpose in ‘Crop rotation’, is: (a) Wheat—Juar—Gram (b) Rice—Gram—Rice (c) Cotton—wheat—Gram - (d) Rice—Wheat—Cotton. The optimum depth of kor watering for rice is about : (a) 25cm ™ (db) 19 cm Stas (c) 13.5 cm (@) 9 cm. The kor period, within which a crop must receive its first major watering, will be : (a) less for humid climates (b)_ less for dry climates (c) equal for all climates (d@) none of the above. . The crop, out of the following, which is not a cash crop, is-: (a) Jute (b) Tea (c) Rice (d) Sugarcane.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1263 Q. 31. In India, the cultivated area under Rabi season is generally x times the area under Kharif season; where x is : (a 1° (b) 3 (c) 2 (@ none of them. Q. 32. The relationship between the duty D in ha/cumecs, the water depth A in cm, and base period B in days, is given by : i oo _ 864B _ 8.648 (@) D= ) d= 864A _ 8.64 (o) D= d) Da" ateaaas Q. 33. Consumptive use of water for a crop represents : (a) The transpiration needs of the crop (b) evaporation needs of the cropped area. (©) evapotranspiration needs of the cropped area plus the minor quantity required in plant metabolism (@) None of the above. Q. 34. The amount of irrigation water required to fulfil the evapo-transpiration and minor metabolic plant needs per unit of cropped area is called : (@ consumptive use (b) consumptive irrigation requirement (c) net irrigation requirement (d) none of the above. Q. 35. When there is no percolation loss fér leaching and other such soil needs, then * the Net irrigation requirement (NIR) of a cropped area, will be equal to : (a) the consumptive use (C,) (b) C,-R, : where R, is éffective rainfall during cropping (© where 7), is water application efficiency — Na (d) none of the above. Q. 36. The Gross Irrigation Requirement (GIR) of water is equal to : (a) NIR+ 1, (b) NIR+ Na-Ne (c) NIR+ * @ none of above. ic where 1|,= water application efficiency 1.= water conveyance efficiency. Q. 37. The ratio of the water stored in the root zone of a crop, to the water actually delivered to the crop in the field, is known as; G) Water conveyance efficiency: —~ —---—-—=~ (b) water application efficiency (c) water use efficiency (d) none of the above. Q. 38. The water which can be utilised by the crops from the soil is called : (a) field capacity water (b) capillary water (c) hygroscopic water (d) none: of the above.1264 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, Q. 39. The moisture held by a well drained soil against gravity drainage, by the force of surface tension between the soil grains and water drops, is. called : (a) field capacity water (b) hygroscopic water (c) capillary water (d) water of adhesion. Q. 40. Permanent wilting point moisture content for a crop represents the : (a) hygroscopic water @®) capillary water - (©) field capacity water (d) none of the above. Q. 41. Available moisture for a crop is equal to : (a) field capacity moisture content—Wilting point moisture content (0) field capacity moisture content—hygroscopic moisture content. (c) both (a) and (b) @) none of the above. Q. 42. The optimum moisture content (m.c.) which is retained in the root zone of a soil, before applying irrigation water, is : (a) equal to : (the field capacity m.c.—wilting point m.c.) (b) less than : (the field capacity m.c.—wilting point m.c.) (c) more than : (the field capacity m.c.—wilting point m.c.) (d) may be more or less than : (the field capacity m.c.—wilting point m.c.) depending upon the crop grown. Q. 43. Irrigation water is usually applied.to the fields, when the available moisture in the root zone of the crop, gets depleted by : (a) 0—10% (b) 10—25% (c) 50—80% (@) 100%. Q. 44. Frequency of irrigation is dependent upon the type of : (a) soil and crop (6) soil and climate (c) soil, crop, and climate (d). soil, crop, climate, and fertilizer. Q. 45.* A soil has a field capacity of 25%, permanent wilting point of 15%, and ~ specific weight of 14.7 kN/m’, If the root zone depth of the-grown crop is 90 cm, then its available moisture holding capacity is (a) 10 cm (6) 13.5 cm (c) 16.67 cm @ 20 cm. Q. 46. After how many days will you recommend supplying irrigation water to a crop having 0.8 m root zone depth, and grown in a soil having field capacity of 30%, permanent wilting = 15%, and density of soil = 1.5 gm/cc ? The consumptive use for the crop is 5 mm/day, and only 60% of available moisture is permitted to be availed. (a) 9 days (b) 15 days (©) 21 days (@ 40 days. Q. 47.* If the irrigation efficiency at a 10 hectare field is 80%, and the conveyance losses from the canal outlet is 10%, then the volume of water required at the canal outlet, for supplying 10 cm water-depth in the field, will be-equal to; (a) 10,390 kL (b) 7200 kL (c) 13,900 kL (@ 1,39,000 kL. Q. 48. The A (in m) for a crop, having quantity duty D (in ha/M. cum), and base period B (in days) is given by : B @ a-8S8 OA (c) =m @A S “Hints are given at the end of the chapter, for solving starred questions.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1265 Q. 49. The ratio of the water stored in the root zone during irrigation, to the water needed in the root zone prior to irrigation, is called : (a) efficiency of water use (b) efficiency of water storage (©) efficiency of water application (d) efficiency of water conveyance. . Cee eee Q. 50. If the irrigation water applied to a field penetrates uniformly throughout, then the water distribution efficiency is : (@)1 (b) 0 (c) 05 (d) none of them, as more data is required to ascertain it. Q. 51. The efficiency of water application does not depend upon = (a) climatic conditions (b) type of the soil (c) method of application (d) geometry of the conveyance system. Q. 52. The efficiency of water conveyance does not depend upon : (a) climatic conditions (b) geometry of the conveyance system (c) nature of the boundary of the conveyance system (a) method of application of water. Q. 53. Which of the following is not correctly matched? (@) Rice—Kharif (b) Wheat—Rabi (c) Barley—Kharif (d) Potatoe—Rabi- CHAPTER 3 Q. 54. If the intensity of irrigation for Kharif is 45% and that for Rabi is 60%; __-.. then the annual intensity_of irrigation, is : (a) 60% (B). 100% (c) 105% @ none of them. Q. 55.* If in a certain irrigation project, and in a given year, 72% and 56% of the culturable command remained unirrigated in Kharif and Rabi seasons, respectively; then the intensity of irrigation for that year and for that project, would be : (a) 36% (b) 64% (c) 72% (d) ‘128%. Q. 56. The gross irrigated area cannot exceed the cultivable commanded area : (a) Correct (b) Incorrect. Q. 57.* The area, on which crops are grown in a particular season, is called : (a) culturable commanded area (CCA) (8) gross sown area (c) “net sown’ area ~~~ ~-- ~= (d) none of the above. Q..58.* The CCA for a particular State is 5 Mba; out of which, 4.5 Mha is being sown in Rabi season and 2.5 Mha in Kharif season. These areas are being irrigated to the extent of 90% and 80%, respectively. The annual intensity of irrigation for this State is : (a) 80.7% (b) 85% (c) 100% (d) 121%.1266 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 59. In plain areas, the irrigation canals are usually aligned along : (a) ridge lines (6) contour lines (c) valley lines (d) across the contours. Q. 60. A ridge canal is also called a : (a) watershed canal (6) contour canal (c) side slope canal (d) ‘none of the above. Q 61. The canal, which may frequently encounter cross-drainage works, will be a: (a) watershed canal (6) contour canal (c) side slope canal (d) none of these. Q. 62. In a hilly district, where Watershed line is very high as compared to the head-works, which type of alignment you would recommend for a proposed canal, if cross-drainage is to be avoided : (a) canal along the ridge line (b) canal along the contour line (c) canal across the contour lines (d) none of them. Q. 63. The canal, which can irrigate only on one side, is a : (a) watershed canal (6) contour canal (©) side slope canal @ none of them. Q. 64. The capacity of an irrigation canal is usually controlled by : @ average kharif demand (6) average rabi demand (©) kor demand of rabi crops (d) kor démand of kharif crops. Q. 65. The optimum kor water depth for a kharif crop is 19 cm with an allowed kor water period of 3 weeks, the outlet discharge factor for this crop will be: (a) 955 ha/eumec (b) 782 ha/cumec (c) 860 ha/cumec — ~~ @ none of them. ~ Q. 66.* If the discharge required for different crops grown in a field is 0.4 cumecs, and the capacity factor and time factor are 0.8 and 0.5, the design discharge for the distributary will be : ~ (a) 0.80 cumecs (b) 0.16 cumecs (c) 1 cumecs (d) 1.24 cumecs. Q. 67.* An irrigation canal is to be designed to deliver 6.25 cumecs to meet the peak Rabi demand of a total of 5100 hectares of cropped area. The estimated canal losses are 25% of the head discharge. The duty on capacity of this canal will be: (a) 816 ha/cumec (6) 1020 ha/cumec (c) 653 ha/cumec (d) 612 ha/cumec. ‘Q: 68. ‘Duty on capacity’ is also called 7 Et Sear (a) outlet duty (b) capacity factor (c) full supply coefficient (d) quantity duty. Q, 69.* The 8000 hectares of gross commanded area of an irrigation project includes 20% of reserved forests, usar lands, roads, etc. The pastures and fallow lands are 10%. If the intensity of irrigation is 50%, the area to be irrigated is : (@) 4000 hectares (b) 3200 hectares (c) 2800 hectares (@d) none of them.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1267 Q. 70. The discharge carried by a minor distributary is usually less than ; (a) 0.5 cumecs (6) 1 cumecs (c) 2.5 cumecs (d) none of them. Q. 71. The discharge carried by a major distributary, is usually'up to : (a) 5 cumecs (b) 10 cumecs <= - (c) 30 cumecs (d) 50 cumecs. Q. 72. Earthen irrigation canals, when aligned curvilinear in plan, must be on gentle curves. This adopted curve radius, should be : (a) more for canal carrying more discharge (b) less for canal carrying more discharge (c) equal for all discharges. Q. 73. The canal which is not supposed to do any irrigation is called : (a) main canal (0) water course (c) major distributary (@ minor distributary. Q. 74. Unlined irrigation canals, when aligned on curvilinear routes in plan, will have to be pitched on : (a) both sides (b) concave side only (c) convex side only (b) none of the above. CHAPTER 4 Q. 75. The bed of an alluvial channel along the flow will always be : (a) flat (®). wavy (c) duned and rippled (d) all of the above are possible. Q. 76. The bed form, which is not expected in an alluvial channel with sediment motion, is : @ rippled (b) meandered (c) duned @ antiduned et 7. The bed of an alluvial channel carrying silted water at a high velocity is expected to be : (a) tippled (b) duned (c) flat (d) wavy. Q. 78. The anti-dunes develop on beds of alluvial streams, when Froude number is: (a) 0 (b) 05 @1 (d) 12. Q. 79.* The critical shear stress 1, at which incipient motion of sediment takes place, is proportional to : (@) Va @d () & _ where d is grain size (UPSC Engg. Services) Q. 80.* In order to ensure that bed slope S, constructed in an incoherent alluvium of size ‘d’ cm, the flow velocity should be restricted to : (a) 4.85-d'7. 5-6 (b) 485-4”. s¥6 (©) 0.48 dV. v6 (d) 0.48-d'?. 5° V6, Q. 8L* Mansing's rugosity coefficient is proportional to : (a) Vd (ce) a6 (@ && (ed; where d is representative grain dia of bed surface. scouring takes place in the bed of a channel of1268 .- IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES - Q. 82. The finer sediment which does not originate from the stream bed, but originates from the catchment area, is best called as the : (a) bed load (b) suspended load (c) wash load (@ none of these. Q. 83. The force exerted by the flowing water on the sediment particles-to-cause their motion, is called : (a) buoyant force (b) tractive force (¢) kinematic force (d) eddy force. Q. 84.. The minimum size of sediment that may remain stable in an alluvial channel, carrying discharge intensity q, with hydraulic radius R, and bottom slope S, is: a2 (a) URS (b) 135 a (c) YRS (@) none of them. Q. 85.* The tractive force method of designing stable channels in non-cohesive soils, is applicable only when the channels : (a) carry sedimented water (b) carry clear water (c) carry sedimented water, but sediment concentration does not ‘exceed 500 ppm or so (@) carry any type of water. Q. 86. In an earthen trapezoidal channel having side slopes of 1.5 H : 1 V, con- structed in a non-cohesive soil, having D7s particle size of ‘d’ m, and angle =37°, no scouring will occur only when the hydraulic mean depth (R) of the channel is limited to : da O35 ©) iit ad © aS Q. 87. If 1, is the critical shear stress on a channel bed, then the critical shear on the side slopes (nH : IV) of this channel (t,’) is given by : @ w=t-Y1 8 (+) tat vi aren 2 (oc) t/=t,- vi1-S58 (@~) tZ=T,- 148 sin? @ sin’ 6 where $= angle of repose of soil = ~o=tan?{1 n (@) none of them. Q. 88. The Lacey’s and Kennedy’s empirical silt theories for designing irrigation channels in Indian non-cohesive alluvial soils, are meant to ensure : (a) no scouring in the channel (6) fo silting from out of the sedimented water entering the channel from the headworks (c) both (a) and (b) (d) neither (a) nor (b).(CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1269 Q. 89. Q. 90. Q. 91. Q. 92. Q. 98. ——Q. 99. Q. 100. The critical velocity Vp =0.55 - m - y°%, as suggested by Kennedy for design of trapezoidal irrigation channels, is : (@) the maximum permissible velocity (®) the minimum permissible velocity (c) both (a) and (6) (@) none of the above. eee eee Critical velocity Ratio for use in Kennedy’s theory, is = (a) less than 1 (b) more than 1 (©) equal to 1 (d) all of the above. - The Garret’s diagrams are. based on : (a) Lacey’s theory (b) Khosla’s theory (c) Bligh’s theory (@) Kennedy's theory. The critical velocity ratio was introduced in Kennedy’s equation of critical velocity to take into account the effect of : (a) channel cross-section _ (6) climatic conditions (c) silt grade (@ roughness of bed. . The most important shape parameter in sediment analysis is = (a) ‘sphericity (b) shape factor (c) roundness (d) form factor. . Lacey’s silt factor is proportional to : (a) Vd (@) ad (c) @; where d is the grain size. (U.P.S.C.; Engg. Services) . In mechanics of sediment transport, the parameter ex (where 1) is eddy viscosity and p is density) is called : (a) kinematic viscosity (b) absolute viscosity (c) eddy kinematic viscosity. (d) none of the-above..-- —-~---~ In sediment analysis, the parameter which indicates the amount of wear the grain particle has undergone during relative movement of silt and water, is (a) sphericity (b) shape factor (c) roundness (d) form factor. |. The wetted perimeter P of a stable channel is proportional to : @2oQ Yo ©; where'Q is the discharge (U.P.S.C.; Engg. Services) The units of Shield’s Entrainment function are : (a) Newton/sq m (b) metre (c) kg/m/sec (d) ‘no dimensions. ‘The cross-section of natural silt transporting channels tend to have the shape of : (a) trapezium (b) semi-ellipse (c) semi-circle (d) none of them. In Lacey’s regime theory, the flow velocity is proportional to = (@ (ory? oF (©) (of * (U.PS.C.; Engg. Services)4 eterO IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 101. For all homogeneous fluids, the value of Von-Karman Universal Constant, is: (a0 (1 (c) 04 (d) 0.8. Q. 102. The boundary shear stress, t) in an open channel is given by : 2 i @* () YRS ( Ls where h=depth R=hydraiulic radius 5=Slope Y= Specific weight of fluid n= Manning’sroughness factor (U.P.S.C.; Engg. Services) Q. 103. Lacey’s regime theory is not applicable to a canal in : (a) true regime (b) initial regime (c) ‘final regime (d) none of them. Q. 104.* When a channel is protected on the bed and sides with some protective material, and there is no possibility of change in its cross-section and lon- gitudinal slope, then the channel is said to be in : (a) initial regime (b) final regime (c) p.manent regime (d) true regime. Q. 105.* Hydraulic depth is the ratio of : (a) wetted area to wetted perimeter (b) wetted area to top width (c) wetted area to bottom width ~ (d) wetted-perimeter to: top width. : 2 Q. 106. The unit of Chezy’s coefficient C in Chezy’s formula, is : (a) m/s (6) ms (c) m @ Nil. Q. 107. For a most economical trapezoidal channel section : (a) hydraulic mean radius equals the depth of flow” __ (b) hydraulic mean radius equals half the depth of flow (c) bottom width is twice the depth of flow | (@) bottom width is half the depth’ of flow. Q. 108.* The channels, whose boundaries are made of easily erodible loose soils, are called : (a) mobile boundary channels. ~+—(b)- tigid-boundary-chaninels——-~--- = (c) non-alluvial channels (d) none of the above. Q. 109.* Lacey’s scour depth for a stream, carrying a discharge of 3 cumecs per metre width and having a silt factor 1.2, is : (a) 132m (b) 2.64 m (c) 3.96 m (@ 4.32 m. (GATE 1992)CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1271 Q. 110. Which one of the foliowing is not the requirement of an ideal regime condition in Lacey’s regime-theory ? (a) the discharge in the channel is constant (b), the channel flows through the same soil grade, as that of the sediment entering the channel from the headworks (c) the sediment grade and its amount entering the channel is constant. (d) the silt grade should consist of clay sized particles. (e) the flow should be uniform. Q. LIL* An irrigation canal proposed to be excavated in an incoherent alluvium of median size 0.4 mm, for carrying a discharge of 40 cumecs, should ideally have a bed slope of : (a) 1 in 6000 (b) 1 in 5200 (c) 1 in 2000 (d) 1 in 1265. Q. 112.* The silt factor ‘f°, as used by Lacey in his regime theory, was adjusted to be equal to 1 for the silt of Upper Bari-Doab alluvium, What was the median size of this alluvium ? (a) 0.28 mm (6) 032.mm (c)'0.40 mm (d) 0.5 cm. Q. 113. Average sediment load in a regime canal of Lacey, is of the order of : (a) 50 ppm (b) 500 ppm (c) 5000 ppm (d) 10,000 ppm. Q. 114,* The discharge carried by a regime canal of bed width 22 m and water depth 2.5 m, is about; (a) 22 cumecs (b) 34 cumecs (c) 84 cumecs (@) ‘none of them. Q. 115.* Two irrigation channels, A and B, are designed on Lacey’s theory to carry / the same discharge. The alluvium through which canal A has to pass, how-” ___+--.ever,..is.coarser. than. that for.canal_B.In. such.a.design,.we. expect.: (a) channel A to be deeper (6) channel B to be deeper (c) channel A to have larger wetted perimeter (@ channel B to have larger cross-sectional area. Q. 116. The major drawback of Laceys regime theory, as used for the design of ir- rigation canals, is that : (a) it does not consider the quantum of sediment load, which is likely to flow into the canal (b) It is applicable only to non-cohesive soils (c) it is applicable only to alluvial areas of North India or Pakistan. (d) none of the above. Q. 117, “An alluvial river scours and silts its bed automatically, depending upon the variation in the flow discharge”. Which theory helps us to know this impor- tant conclusion? (a) Lacey’s theory (b) ‘Kennedy’s theory (c) Einstein’s theory (d) none of them. Q. 118.-Stable channels for a given bed-load transport, can be best designed on the basis of (@ Lacey’s theory (b) Kennedy’s theory (c) Einstein's theory (d) all of the above.1272 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 119. In-an irrigation canal, berms are provided at : (a) NSL (c) Bank level (b) FSL (d) none of the above. Q. 120. Counter berms are provided in an irrigation canal : (@) at the outer sides o! f the canal banks to allow movement of cattle (b) at the inner sides of the canal banks at the ground level, to make bank line and bed line parallel (c) at the outer sides of the canal banks to keep the saturation gradient line well within the bank section (@) none of the above. Q. 121. Berms are provided in an irrigation canal at : (a) the outer edge of the canal banks to allow movement of cattle (b) tire inner sides of the canal bank at the ground level, to make inner bank line and bed line parallel (c) the outer sides of the canal banks, to keep the phreatic line adequately > covered by earth cover (@) none of the above. Q. 122.* An alluvial canal is excavated using side slopes of ny: 1 (H: V) in excavation and nz : Lin filling. If the depth of cutting is d,, and top of the bank is at a height of d, above the bed, then the berm width required to have the bed line and bank line parallel to each other, despite fluctuations in the ground level, is : (a) (mm) a, (c) (@—m) 4) (B) (ry -m) 4 (d) md, Q. 123.* An alluvial irrigation canal is constructed with 1 : 1 (HL : V) side slopes in cutting and 2 : 1 in filling, and the water depth upto FSL is expected to be y. A berm width equal to y is left initially, which with’ the passage of time, ‘and when channel attains regime conditions, is likely to become : (a) lly (b) 1.25y (c) 1Sy @) 2. CHAPTER 5 Q. 124. A lined alluvial canal is best designed on the basis of : (a) Lacey’s formula (b) Kennedy’s formula (c) Manning’s formula (d) Continuity equation. Q. 125. Lining of irrigation channels : (a) increases water logging (b) increases channel cross section (c) ificreasés command area (dy increases-chances:of breaching: Q. 126.* An irrigation canal is lined along its 20 m perimeter @ Rs. 40 per m, of lining, The lining has resulted in net water saving @ 3 cumecs per M-m of lined area, whereas each cumec of water increases the annual crop yield by Rs. 4 lakh, Assuming the life of lining as 40 years, and the saving in main: tenance cost fo be balanced by the interest on investment, the benefit cost ratio for the project is (@) 12 (c) 0.83 ‘ (b) 1.0 (d) none of them.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1273 Q. 127. The_transmission loss of valuable water in an ordinary alluvial irrigation canal in a North Indian State, in cumecs per million sq m of wetted area, is of the order of : (@) 0.5—0.6 (b) 2.5—3.5 (c) 25—35 (@ 250—350. Q. 128. A triangular lined canal section with corners rounded by a -radius-equal to — the full supply depth of 4 m, is likely to have its hydraulic radius, as : @4m (2) 3m (c) 2m oH (d) cannot be ascertained, as side slopes are not given. Q. 129.* A standard triangular lined channel section with 15H : 1 V side slopes has a capacity of 26 cumecs and full supply depth of 2.5 m. The lining material for the channel would be safe for withstanding mean velocity of = (a) 1.8 m/s (b) 2.0 m/s (o) 2.2 mis | @ none of them. @Q. 130. Safety ladders are provided in large irrigation canals, to : (a) enable the fish to pass from one place to another (b) enable the cattle to cross the canal (c) enable the swimmers to get out of the canal (d) provide safe exit to avoid accidental drowning. Q. 131. The main advantage offered by Bentonite layer lining in an irrigation canal is that : (a) seepage loss is reduced (b) cross-sectional area of the channel is reduced (©) cost of land acquired is reduced ____.... (d). earth work excavation is reduced. Q. 132. The free-board in lined canals is measured between : (a) FSL and top of lining (b) FSL and top of canal bank (c) top of lining and top of. canal bank (d) none of them. : 133. The minimum recommended free-board for lined canals carrying discharge of more than 10 cumecs is (a) 0.3 m (b) 0.6 m (c) 0.75 m ‘ (@) 1.2m. Q. 134, Under-drainage arrangements in canals are necessarily required in : (a) unlined canals _.... (b) lined canals (c) both (a) and (b) (d@) lined canals constructed on sandy soils alone. Q. 135. When elaborate under-drainage arrangements can not be provided, and the soil strata is sandy, the preferred material for canal lining, would be : (a) cement concrete lining (b) soil cement lining (c) brick lining (d) shotcrete lining.1274 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 136. Steel reinforcement in concrete lining is justified, mainly because’: (a) it augments the structural strength of uncracked lining (b) it enables the lining to take tensile loads (c) it reduces the width of shrinkage cracks (d) none of the above. Q. 137. Which among the following is not true about Asphaltic concrete lining? (a) it is fairly cheap () it is flexible and readily confirms to subgrade (c) it permits certain type of weed growth (d) it decreases the rugosity coefficient to increase channel efficiency, CHAPTER 6 Q. 138. A land is said to be water-logged, when : (a) the land is necessarily submerged under standing water (b) there is a flowing water over the land (c) the pH value of the soil becomes as high as 8.5 (d@) the soil pores in the root zone get saturated with water, either by the “ actual watertable or by its capillary fringe. Q. 139. Water-logging of cropped land leads to reduced crop yields, due to : (@) ill-aeration of root zone, causing lack of oxygen to plants (b) growth of water-loving plants interfering with the sown crop (c) surrounding of the root zone by the resultant saline water, which extracts the good water from plant roots by osmosis (@ all of the above. Q. 140. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following : (@) intensive irrigation should be avoided in areas susceptible to water-log- ging (b) extensive irrigation should-be adopted: in-areas-susceptible-to:water log- ging (c) lift irrigation can help alleviate water-logging susceptibilities. (d) none of the above. Q. 141. Which one of the followings does not contribute to water logging? (a) inadequate drainage (b) seepage from unlined canals | (c) frequent flooding : (d) excessive tapping of ground water. | Q. 142. Which one of the followings, is not a remedial measure for water logging? (a) good drainage for irrigated land (b) conjunctive use of water in the basin 4 _.. (c) lining of canals and water courses ee ath eR (d) contour bunding. Q. 143. Pick up the incorrect statement : i i (a) moderately saline lands are represented by visible whiteish deposits of | salts on the top and upper layers of soil (&) Naz CO; is the most harmful salt for causing salinity | (c) Nacl is the least harmful salt for causing salinity | (@) a highly saline Jand is called an alkaline land, or a black alkali. (e) none of the above.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1275 Q. 144. Point out the incorrect statement, out of the following : (a) salinity is caused by water-logging (b) water logging is not caused by salinity (c) salinity subsides, when once the water logging is removed (d) none of the above. Q. 145. Alkaline soils are best reclaimed by : an (a) leaching (b) addition of gypsum to soil (c) providing good drainage (d) addition of gypsum to soil and leaching. Q. 146. A recently reclaimed alkaline soil should preferably be sown with a salt resis- tant crop, like : (a) wheat (4) cotton (c) barseem (@) any of the above. Q. 147.* A soil has an Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP) of 16%, and its Electri- cal conductivity (EC) is 32 milli-mhos/cm. If the pH of this soil is 9.5, then the soil is classified as : (a) alkaline soil (b) saline soil (c) saline alkali soil (d) none of the above. Q. 148. The soil becomes practically infertile when its pH value is about : (@0 (6) 7 (c) 11 (da) none of them. Q. 149. Which of the following crops can withstand the highest water table, which normally should be 0.7 to 2.5 m below the level of the cropped land? (a) wheat (b) lucerine (c) cotton (d) tice. Q. 150. While growing crops in high water-table areas, open jointed drains, discharging —-=- into outlet drains, are sometimes laid ‘below the cropped land to lower down the water-table and to remove the rain water effectively. These Laken are called: (a) tile drains (b) french drains (c) gravity outlets (d) surface drains. Q. 151. A tile drain is laid below a cropped land to remove excess irrigation water. The Drainage Coefficient of this drain, is usually expressed as; (a) cm of water depth removed from the drainage area per day (b) cum of water removed per second (c) percentage of applied water, which is intercepted by this drain (d) none of the above. Q. 152. When a sub-surface open jointed drain is laid below a farm land to intercept excess irrigation water, then its capacity, depending upon soil type, should _____he of the order of : (a) 5—10% of applied water (b) 10—50% of applied water (c) 50—80% of applied water (d) none of them. Q. 153. The method, which uses dead furrows on cropped farms for drainage of ex- cess irrigation or rain water, is called : (a) surface inlet (b) tile drainage (c) bedding (d) french drain.1276 Q. 154. Q. 155. Q. 156. Q. 157. Q 158. Q. 159. Q. 160. Q. 161. IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES, CHAPTER 7 250 Objective questions on this chapter are given in author’s another book, titled “Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering”, which deals with the subject matter in greater details than given in this book. Students are advised to refer to that volume to be well versed with the subject on ‘Hydrology’, which in itself, is a full subject, other than ~ from ‘Irrigation’. CHAPTER 8 Ghaggar river which appears and disappears in Rajasthan State of India, can be classified as a (a) meandering river (b) deltaic river (c) virgin river (d) none of the above. ‘The quantum of river discharge, which is large enough in magnitude as well as in frequency, so as to cause controlling effect on the river course and cross-section, is known as : (a) design discharge (b) median discharge (c) maximum flood discharge (d) dominant discharge. The ratio of dominant discharge for a river to the peak discharge for that river, is of the order of : (@) 3/16 (b) 9/16 (c) 13/16 (d) 3/2. ‘The ‘meander length’ for an alluvial river is (a) the total channel length along its looped course (b) the total channel length minus the direct straight length (c) the axial length of one meander (d) the looped length-of.one meander ..-- Hee eee (e) none of the above. ‘The ‘meander belt’ for an alluvial river is = y (a) the total river width between embankments (b) the width between the outer edges of fully developed meander loop, measured perpendicular to river axis 7 (c) the same as meander width (@) both (b) and (c). For a meandering alluvial river, the ratio of its ‘channel length’ to ‘direct axial length’ is always : (@ 1 (b) >1 (c) <1 (@ may be less or more than 1, depending upon the. river, In a meandering river, the ratio of ‘arcual channel length’ to ‘direct axial length’, is called : (a) tortuosity (b) inverse of tortuosity (c) cut off ratio (d) none of these. Tortuosity in a meandering river, is + (a) 1 (b) <1 (c) > (d@) none of these.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE | QUESTIONS: 1277 Q, 162. A river reach having tortuosity of 1.2, can be said to have : (a) 20% tortuosity of meander (b) 80% tortuosity of meander (c) 120% tortuosity of meander (d) none of the above. See eee Q. 163. In an alluvial meandering river in flood plains, the meandering length (M;) is x times the meandering width (Mg), where x is roughly equal to : @3 wt (1 @ 3103. Q. 164. For a meandering alluvial river in flood plain, the meander length is about: @6w () 18 W () 17 W @ W. where W is the normal river width Q. 165. For a meandering alluvial river in flood plain, the meander width is about: (@) 0.5 W () W () 6W @ 17 W. where W is the normal river width Q. 166.* An alluvial river has a dominant discharge of 1600 m°/s and a bed slope of J in 5000. The approximate value of meander belt for this river, would be : (a) 0.6 km (b) 6 km (c) 60 km (d) none of these. Q. 167. An alluvial meandering river is likely to carry a peak discharge of 6000 ‘cumecs. The extent of meandering belt in this river, estimated in km per km of meandering length, roughly equals. — @F} 3 (9 : @ 27. ‘ Q. 168. Meander ratio in an alluvial meandering river is given by = @ meanderlength Oy meanderwidth meanderwidth meanderlength (c) Meanderwidth 109 (@) none of them. meanderlength Q. 169.* The meander belt for an alluvial stream is estimated to be 3 km. The peak discharge in this river will roughly be of the order of : (a) 4000 cumecs (b) 700 cumecs (c) 1200 cumecs (d) 1600 cumecs. Q:-170. In a meandering river: reach,- the-deepest river portions will be.available.at (a) the crossings (b) the inner edges of meander loops (c) the outer edges of meander loops (@ none of them. : Q. 171. Sinuosity of a meandering river is : (a) the same as tortuosity (b) inverse of tortuosity (c) log of tortuosity (@) none of them.1278 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 172. Pinpoint the incorrect statement : (a). guide-bunds are constructed to guide the river flow through a smaller Width (®) guide bunds are generally extended downstream of the hydraulic struc. ture, in a length of about twice their upstream length (c) guide banks prevent the out-flanking of the hydraulic structure by the. changing river course (@) aggrading rivers can be best controlled by soil conservation measures, including construction of check dams on their tributaries (e) degrading rivers can be best controlled by building of cross-bars, Weirs, etc., prior to other river training works. Q. 173. Aggrading rivers are : (a) silting rivers (b) scouring rivers (c) rivers in regime (d) meandering rivers. Q. 174. The river reach upstream of a newly built dam may behave, as : (a) aggrading (b) degrading (c) virgin (@) none of them. Q. 175. A barrage with 600 m length is designed across an alluvial river. The U/S and D/S lengths of the proposed guide banks of this barrage, will be about; (@) 750 m and 1500 m (6) 750 m and 750 m (c) 750 m and 150 m (d) 750 m and 300 m Q. 176.* A pair of guide banks are to be constructed for an alluvial river at 400 m apart at a bridge site. The design discharge of the river is 5000 cumecs at 5 m water depth of HFL above the average bed level of the river. These guide banks need to be stone pitched on water side, with apron laid from the toe in the river bed. The average estimated depth and width of this apron, respec- tively, will be : (@ 2 mand 10m (b) 1.5 mand 5m (©) 2 mand 20 m (@) 3 mand 20 m. a Q. 177. The repelling groynes which are largely constructed projecting from river embankments, as anti-erosion works, are : (a) pointing upstream (b) pointing downstream (c) perpendicular to the bank (d) none of these. Q. 178.* If a river in an alluvial plain has a dominant discharge of 1600 cumecs, the waterway for this bridge, in the absence of model testing, can be safely adopted, as equal to : (a) 190m (b) 228m (c) 300 m (@) 480 m. Q. 179. The upstream angle of inclination of a repelling groyne with normal to the bank line, is of the order. of : 2G) S to-10% ss. sas... (b)-“10-to-30%-~- (c) 30 to 50° (d@) 70 to 90°. Q. 180. Which one among the following is not the real cause of an alluvial river following a serpentine course? (a) variation of discharge (b) availability of steeper land gradient than what is required for equilibrium. (c) availability of inadequate land gradient than what is required for equilibrium (d@) none of these.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS “3 1279 Q. 181. An alluvial river increases its length by meandering due to; (a) variation of discharge (b) variation in land topography (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above. Q. 182. The factor which is not primarily responsible for meander in an alluvial river, is; (a) variation of discharge (b) excess silt load (c) deficient silt load (d) none of them. Q. 183. The secondary factor, which is. responsible for meandering in an alluvial river, is + (a) inadequate land gradient (b) deficient silt load (c) constant discharge (d) none of them. Q. 184. Point out the incorrect statement in relation to the behaviour of a meandering alluvial river : (a) Primary cause for meandering is the silting action due to excess sediment at the available discharge and surface slope (b) Secondary cause for meandering is the scouring action due to deficiency of sediment at the available discharge and surface slope (c) Meandering tendency is more in an alluvial river during floods, because of high variation in discharge © (d) if there is no variation of discharge in an alluvial river, there will be no meandering (e) none of them. Q. 185. Out of the following choices given below, choose impermeable spur(s) : (a) an earthen spur protected by stone apron (b) an earthen spur, unprotected by stone apron (c) a balli spur (d) a tree groyne (e) (a) and (6) both () (©) and (d) both. ~Q186: Permeable spurs are best suitable for rivers, which = (a) carry heavy suspended load (b) carry large bed load, but light suspended load (c) need permanent protection to dikes (d) need attracting the river current, for providing deeper channel (e) flow in upper hilly reaches. Q. 187. Denehey’s spur is : : (@) a hockey-shaped earthen spur (6) a T-shaped stone spur, as used in Australia (c) a T-shaped earthen spur, as used in India (d) a type of a balli spur, especially developed for Indian rivers, __Q..188. Which one of the following effects.can not be attributed to have been caused __ by the construction of dikes along a river coarse? (a) faster travel of a flood wave (b) higher flood levels along the river (c) increased peak discharges all along downstream points (d) decrease'in surface slope of the river above the leveed reach (e) increased bed levels in the river (f) reduction in meander belt, causing steeper hydraulic gradients.4 1280 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 189. Which one of the following effects produced by a Cut off in an alluvial iver, is not an advantage to navigation : (a) shortened route and elimination of sharp bends (b) shortened travel time, particularly at low and moderate river stages (c) increased water depth at low river stages (@ lowering of the flood stages and flood periods. —— CHAPTER 9 Q. 190. Barrages constructed across alluvial rivers help in : (@ controlling floods (b) restoring river regime (c) ensuring monsoon storage (d). all of them. Q. 191. Which one among the following is a correct choice in relation to a weir? (a) it is helpful in diverting excess water to a river from a canal (b) it does not cause any heading up of Water on its upstream side (c) it stores water by raised counter-balanced gates (d) it increases the chances of floods in the upstream areas * (e) none of them. Q. 192. If two canals are taken off from both the flanks of a river at the site of a diversion headwork, then the number of undersluices and divide walls, will respectively, be : (a) 1 and 1 (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 1 (d@) 2 and ‘2. Q. 193, Pinpoint the incorrect statement : (a) the old Okhla barrage near Delhi has recently been replaced by a new weir (b) the cost of a barrage is usually higher than that of a weir (c) a weir can pond up additional water on its upstream side, by using shut- ters on its top (d) a barrage does not increase the susceptibility of flooding in upstream areas (e) none of them. Q. 194. In a barrage project, a divide wall is provided to : (a) separate the lower crest ‘undersluice side’ from the higher crest ‘weir side’ (6) separate the higher crest ‘undersluice side’ from the lower crest ‘weir side’ (c) keep the cross-currents away from the barrage body (@) serve none of the above purposes. Q. 195. A canal headworks has nothing to do with a : ~~ (@) weir 0 b) guide bank ~~ (c) head regulator (d) safety ladder. Q. 196. In a diversion headworks project, the canal head regulator is usually aligned: (a) parallel to the barrage axis (b) perpendicular to the divide wall (c) parallel to the divide wall (d) none of them.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE| OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1281 Q. 197. The choice among the following, which does not control the discharging capacity to be provided for the undersluices, is : (a) that it should be at least double the canal discharge (6) that it should be about 10 to 15% of maximum flood discharge (c) that it should be able to pass winter freshets and low floods. (d) that it should be equal to the dominant discharge of the river (e) none of them, Q. 198. Anadromons fish often move large distances in rivers in India : (2) to upstream only (8) to downstream only (c) to downstream in winter, and upstream in summer (d) to upstream in winter, and downstream in summer. Q. 199. A fish ladder is provided in a canal project : (a) to catch the fish for commercial development (b) to enable the fish to move freely in the river (c) to_serve the same purpose as a canal ladder. @ (b) and (c) both, Q. 200. Head sluices are the gate controlled openings, in : * (@ the entire length of the barrage (b) the under-sluice length of the barrage (c) the regulator of the main off taking canal (d) none of them. , Q. 201. Silt excluders are constructed: | (a) on the river bed downstream of the head regulator (b) on the river bed upstream of the head regulator ~-=~» (c) on the canal bed downstream of the ‘canal head regulator (d) none of these. Q. 202. The silt exclusion device, constructed on the bed of the main canal, taking off from a headwork, is called : - | @ silt excluder (b) silt ejector (e) both (a) and (b) (@) none of them. Q. 203. The tunnel openings provided infront of a canal head regulator at a Diversion headworks : (a) discharge sedimented water into the canal i (&) discharge sediment load into the under-sluices, from where it ejects out to the downstream river | (c) discharge clear water into the canal i ——=(d)-none of these. 7 aan feed aia Q. 204, Canal headworks in the upper rocky reaches of the rivers, are uncommon, because : | (a) more drops are required on the resulting canal system. (b) costly head regulator is required (c) more cross-drainage works are required on the resulting canal network ij (d) all of the above.1282 : IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCT CHAPTER 10 Q. 205. If y; and y,, are water depths upstream and downstream of a hydraulic ; respectively, the loss of energy due to hydraulic jump is : ay (@) (2-0/4 92 ® Or-n)/4v2 ©) Ga-w/4yn @ ‘r-y/ 4 - {GATE Ig Q. 206. A hydraulic jump involves; (a) subcritical flow (b) super critical flow (c) critical flow (d) all of the above. Q. 207. A hydraulic jump ensures : (a) change of subcritical flow to super critical flow (b) change of super critical flow to subcritical flow (c) change of subcritical flow to critical flow (d) change of super critical flow to critical flow. Q.-208. The phenomenon of hydraulic jump leads to : (@ evolution of energy (b) dissipation of energy (c) sometimes (4) and sometimes (b) (d) none of these. Q. 209. If a vertical line is drawn on the specific energy curve, corresponding to |. particular value of specific energy, then the two depth values are ‘obtained! which are known as : (a) initial and sequent depths (b) alternate depths (c) conjugate depths (@) ‘all of these. Q..210. The sequent depth is always : (a) less than the alternate subcritical depth (b) more than-the. alternate subcritical depth (c) equal to the alternate subcritical depth (d) none of the above. Q. 241. The formula connecting initial depth (71) with sequent depth (y;) in}: hydraulic jump, is given as : oe 2 Gat apa 2g uy apy @ y= + Vat gy, ®) m=a+ Vat aq 8y1 =y apa ge yal, & © n=a + Vat gy, @ 2=4 4 NG * gy, where q is the discharge intensity in the chanel the section of the hydraulic jump. ~~ Q.212.'The hydraulic jump that develops usually in barrages and canal ep regulators, is of the type + ar (a)-strong jump (b) steady jump (c) oscillating and weak jump (@ ‘undular jump. ~~ Q. 213. The formation of a hydraulic jump on a sloping glacis, as compared ooh on a horizontal floor, is always : | (a) more definite and more efficient (b) more definite and less efficient (c) less definite and more efficient (d) less definite and less efficient.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1283 CHAPTER 11 Q. 214. The Seri of a hydraulic structure founded on pervious foundation can be ensured : (a) by providing sufficient length of its concrete floor (6) by providing sufficient depth of its concrete floor (c) by providing a downstream cutoff of some reasonable depth (d) all of the above. Q. 215. Point out the correct meaning of ‘piping’, as applied to the design of barrages: (@) it refers to a network of pipes laid below the hydraulic structure to Temove the seeping water (b) it refers to the process of undermining of foundation and creation of hollows therein (c) it refers to the uplift force caused by seeping water on the floor of the hydraulic structure (d) none of the above. Q. 216. While designing the downstream floor thickness of a weir, the ordinate of the uplift pressure at a point is 2.8 m. If the relative density of concrete is taken to be 2.4, then the minimum thickness of the floor to be provided for resisting uplift pressure, without accounting safety factor, is : (@) 1.16m (b) 2m (c) 0.8m (d) none of them, Q. 217.* While designing the floor thickness of a weir in its upstream length, the average head causing uplift is 2.8 m. The provided floor thickness here, with suitable factor of safety, could best be : (2m (6) 2.5 m (c) 0.8 m (d) 4.5m. Q. 218. The critical exit gradient suggested in Khosla’s theory of design of weirs and aan barrages is: |. (a) less for more porous soils (6) more for more porous soils (c) equal for all kinds of soils (d) none of them. Q. 219.* Khosla’s safe exit gradient for design of weirs will be the lowest for the soil type : (a) fine sand (b) coarse sand (c) shingle and gravels (@ none of them. Q. 220. Point out the incorrect statement in relation to the design of weirs and bar- rages : (a) Bligh’s safe hydraulic gradient is the same as the Khosla’s safe exit gradient (b) the first streamline below a barrage section follows the bottom profile of the section (c)_equipotential lines are the lines joining the points of equal residual seepage head (d) none of them. Q. 221..Which one of the following factors, is not'to be considered in the design of major hydraulic structures founded on an alluvial North Indian River? (a) uplift caused by steady seepage (b) piping caused by steady seepage (©) uplift caused by high flood flow in the jump trough @ none of the above.| S 1284 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 222. Bligh’s theory, as applied to the design of weirs and barrages on permeable foundations, account for : (a) hydrostatic forces only (b) hydrodynamic forces only (c) both (@) and (b) (@ none of them. Q. 223. Retrogression is : (a) the back water effect of a weir (b) the raising of the river bed upstream of the weir, during initial years of its construction (c) the lowering of the river bed downstream of the weir, during initial years of its construction (@ none of them. Q. 224. According to Khosla’s theory of independent variables for seepage below a hydraulic structure, the exit gradient, in the absence of a downstream sheet pile, is : (a0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (@) none of them. Q. 225. The value of Khosla’s critical exit gradient for usually met alluvial sandy soils of our country, is about : (a0 @) 1 eal (c) 2 @ 4° e Q. 226. The value of Khosla’s safe exit gradient for usually met alluvial river soils of our country is : : (a) 0 (b) 1 = @ tid. Q. 227. Critical exit gradient, as enunciated in Khosla’s theory of design of weirs.and barrages on pervious foundations, is : (a) the left out pressure in the seeping water at the downstream end point, where it emerges out on the river bed (b) the rate of loss of pressure of the seeping water at the downstream emerg- ing point, which is just enough to lift the soil grains. at that point (c) the actual pressure gradient of the seepage, at the down-stream emerging point (d) none of the above. Q. 228. Safe exit gradient, as enunciated by Khosla’s theory of design.of weirs and barrages, is : (a) the actual seepage gradient available at the downstream exit point (b) the ‘seepage gradient at the downstream exit point, equalling the sub- merged weight of a unit volume of soil there (c) about } to times the gradient which is just able to lift the soil grain at the downstream exit point (d) none of the above.CHAPTERWISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1285 Q. 229. The critical exit gradient, as applicable to barrages, is expressed by : (@ wn) (S,-1), : where w = unit weight of water n=porosity ofsoil i 'S'= specific gravity of soil grains sae Og mk | where H, d, and 2, have their usual meaning ©) Safe exit gradient : Factor of safety | (d) none of the above. Q. 230. The minimum thickness(t) of the downstream floor, as required in the design of weirs, can be expressed by the equation : ~ A A @ Gri © EF hot aa ott @ feta] where h = ordinate of hydraulic gradientline above the top of the floor G = Specific gravity of floor material. Q. 231. The back water effect of a weir is best called : (a) retrogression (b) afflux (c) back water curve (d) none of them. i Q. 232. A breast wall is usually provided : i (a) in the weir section __(b), in the under-sluice section (c) in the main canal section (d) in the head regulator section. : Q. 233. Just downstream of the pucca concrete floor of a barrage section, an inverted filter covered by c.c. blocks is laid.in a length of about 1.5 to 2 D, where D is: (@ the Lacey’s normal scour depth | (b) 1.5 times the Lacey’s normal scour depth | (©) 1.5 times the Lacey’s. scour depth minus the downstream water depth @) none of the above. Q. 234. Just downstream of the concrete floor of a weir section, an inverted filter covered by c.c. blocks is laid. This filter should be such, as : (a) to let out the residual seepage ~~" “(b) ‘not to allow the* soil particles-to escape To (c) not to get clogged in itself (d) all of the above. Q. 235. The safety against, any possible scour, on upstream or downstream side of the pucca floor of a hydraulic structure, is usually ensured by laying : ' (a) inverted filter (B) toewall i! (c) rock toe (@ stone apron. |\ 1286 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 236. For the head regulator, the most severe condition of uplift pressure on the floor occurs when : (a) the flow in the river is at flood level and canal is running at full supply depth (6) the canal runs dry and the river flow is at high flood level (c) the canal runs at full supply depth and the river flow is at pond Tevel (@) the canal runs dry and the river flow is at pond level. (GATE 1992) CHAPTER 12 Q. 237. Canal drops are required to : (a) dissipate excess energy (6) dissipate inadequate land slope (c) dissipate excess land slope (d) none of the above. Q. 238. A trapezoidal notch fall can maintain normal water depth in the upstream channel : (a) at any one given value of the design discharge (b) at all the discharges (c) at any two values of the design discharges (d) at no discharge at all. Q. 239. The depth-discharge relationship of the upstream canal remains practically unaffected by the introduction of a fall of the type: (@ Ogee fall (b) Sarda type vertical fall (c) Trapezoidal notch fall (d) none of the above. Q. 240. For low to moderate discharges of the order of 10-15 cumecs and fall height ~ of 1 to 1.5 m, cheaper Sarda type canal falls can be recommended : (a) universally, without any if and buts (0) if the canal runs with highly variable discharge (c) when the canal fall is not to be used as a meter and discharge is fairly constant (@) when the canal fall is not to be used as a meter, irrespective of variation in discharge. Q. 241. The type of canal fall, which can be universally used without any if and buts for moderate discharges of the order of 40-60 cumecs and low fall heights of 1 to 1.5 m, is: (a) vertical drop fall (b) ogee fall (c) glacis fall (d) baffle fall. . ea Q. 242. The type of fall, which you may recommend for very high drops and very low discharges, is : (a) Sarda type fall (8) ‘Siphon well drop (c) Straight glacis fall (d) Inglis fall. Q. 243. The canal fall, involving parabolic glacis, is called :/ (@) Straight glacis fall (6) Glacis fall (c) Inglis fall (d) Montague fall.WISE MULTICHOICE OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS : 1287 244. An Inglis fall, also called a Baffle fall, can be recommended for all discharges, OO provided : {a) the fall is more than 1.5 m (b) the fall is undrowned (c) the fall is either flumed or unflumed ¢.245. The energy dissipation in a Sarda type canal drop is caused by : (@) hydraulic jump (b) friction blocks (c) water pool (d) baffle wall. 0,46. The best energy dissipation om the down-stream side ofa canal drop; is caused in: (a) Sarda type fall (0) Glacis fall (c) Ogee fall (d) Montague fall. Q. 247. A baffle wall and a water pool to dissipate energy, was introduced as an improvement, in a : (a) Glacis fall (b) Montague fall (c) Inglis fall (d) none of the above. . 248, A meter fall of 1.8 m height is to be constructed on a canal carrying a dis- charge of 50 cumecs. The type of fall that you may recommend will be + (@) Glacis fall (b) Montague fall (o) Inglis fall (d) none of the above. 0.249. The energy dissipation in an Inglis fall is caused by : (a) a pool of water (b) a hydraulic jump (c) neither (a) nor (b) (d) both (a) and (6). 0.250. The length of the water cistern to be provided in a Sarda type fall, is : @ 502-y) (b) SNH: Hy Lo (AGH)? ne DABEH® where y,,.)2, H, Hy have their usual meaning. 0.251. The concrete glacis of a glacis fall, usually slopes H : V, as : @2:1 (b) 1:2 @ 1:5 @ 5:1. Q. 252. In a glacis fall, the hydraulic jump forms on : (a) the horizontal floor (b) the sloping glacis (c) either (a) or (6) (d) none of the above. 0.253, Friction blocks on the downstream side of the pucca canal fall, can be used to dissipate the left out energy in the falling water, in case of : (a) a glacis fall (b) a vertical drop fall (©) a baffle fall (@) (@) and (6) both (254. A trapezoidal crest in a Sarda type canal fall is preferred and used in com- parison to a rectangular crest, when : : (a) the discharge is less than 14 cumecs (b) the discharge is equal to or more than 14 cumecs | (c) the discharge is less than 30 cumecs (d) the discharge is equal to or more than 30 cumecs. (©) @), (6) and (¢) all. ee (d) all of the above. ; Hae Heenan1288 IRRIGATION ENGINEERING AND HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Q. 255. A cylinder fall, popularly known as syphon well drop; is suitable ang® economical for : (a) low discharges and low drops (b) low discharges and high drops (©) high discharges and low drops (@) high discharges and high drops. Q. 256. In‘a baffle fall, the hydraulic. jump forms, on (a) the sloping glacis (6) the horizontal baffle platform (c) either (a) or (6) (@) none of the above.. Q. 257. A baffle wall, as a sort of a.low weir, is constructed in a baffle type canal, fall at the end of the baffle platform and before the water cistern, inorder to head up water to its upstream side to : (a) ensure formation of hydraulic jump to dissipate energy (®) withstand actual impact of the high velocity jet to dissipate energy (c) both (a) and (6) (d) none of the above. ' CHAPTER-13 Q. 258. The canal regulator, which is constructed at a diversion headworks, is called ar (@) cross regulator (b) distributary head regulator (c) canal module (d) none of the above. Q. 259. The gated regulator,-which is constructed in the parent canal near the site of an offtaking canal, is called a : i (a) canal head regulator (6). distributary head. regulator (c) cross regulator (@) none of the above. Q. 260. A cross regulator helps in (a) increasing supply in the-parent channel downstream... ...- (6) increasing supply in the offtaking channel (c) increasing water depth in the parent canal, upstream (d) both (b) and (c) (e) all (a), (6) and (c) above. , Q. 261. Point out the choice among the following, which is not a function of a dis- tributary head regulator : (a) it serves as a meter for measuring discharge in the offtaking canal (b) it serves to control silt entry into the. offtaking canal (c) it helps in controlling and regulating supplies in thé entire. downstream canal network, (d) it helps in controlling ‘supplies in the offtaking ‘canal. (e) none of the above. Q. 262. Khosla’s theory of independent variables is used in the design of : (a) weirs and barrages () cross regulators and head regulators (c) modules (d) both (a) and (6) above ‘ (e) all (@), (b) and (c) above, Q. 263. The channel constructed to bypass the excess water entering a canal, is called a: ! (@) canal module (6) canal. siphon (c) canal escape (d) canal regulator.