NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC: critical analysis of the article

Submitted to: Mohammad Ejaz
Submitted by: Wasma Ikram,
Batch: Psychology 2021
Date Submitted: 20th April 2022
 Critical analysis of the article
The model of public administration is examined in this article. The goal of the study is to
illustrate the standard model of bureaucracy and describe the classical approach to public
administration.
It also intends to examine New Public Management, a modern managerial approach to the
public sector that has surfaced in both emerging and developed countries. This necessitates
the existence of a central bureaucracy that keeps these functions coordinated and connected
through an impersonal chain of command, which was widely accepted and used in Western
countries, primarily in Continental Europe during the nineteenth century and the first half of
the twentieth century to address three major issues. The necessity arises to cater to problems
such as administrative discretion, special interests, and Inefficiency. For the most of the
twentieth century, the classical approach to public administration, which was developed by
Weber, Wilson, and Taylor, dominated. The Anglo-American countries were the first to place
a greater emphasis on the role of private sector firms and practices, resulting in a wave of
changes.
The focus of the research is to see if there is a single viable substitute for the conventional
approach to public administration, and if the traditional model of bureaucracy may be
supplanted with some sort of market–based mechanism to optimize the efficiency of public
organizations.
It used Weber's analysis which is an evaluation of the sociocultural framework of
administration, particularly the "ideal type" of bureaucracy. The analysis is explained to a
very limited extent. It lacks a model or a construct that could break down its progress into
steps.
The article mentioned that the traditional public administration was established to run a state
stably and predictably in a relatively static environment and therefore, public administration
was not prepared to meet new challenges and was resistant to change. It also stated that it was
still the most impressive and yet "almost no national government would argue that
administration change has now been completed or that the public sector has been put into
good working order" researcher's analysis contradicts this point as he is stating shortcomings
and its success which fails to establish the effectiveness of the paradigm.
The dominant paradigm in the 1980s was the new public ad, which achieved several aims.
The critical role of leaders in maintaining high-performing companies has all been
emphasized in
The article Critical responses to traditional public administration and innovative public
management have resulted in a slew of new ideas. The researcher fails to enlist evidence that
supports his stance. An addition of Statistics here could have made a value addition and
would have shown the visible differences between public ad inputs and strategies and their
outcomes.
Woodrow Wilson introduced the politics-administration dichotomy to the classical model.
From a theoretical point of view, the realization of the dichotomy seems to be very simple,
but, there has not been a complete and clear separation between politics and administration.
Impractical and ineffective but did not explain how it was unable to combat arbitrariness and
corruption in the administration,
The researcher mentioned how control and the hierarchical organization fit public
administration and explains why scientific management the most influential theory in the
public sector was until the 1940s but didn’t elaborate upon why and how these factors
influenced public ad that made it a success.
The OECD Report of 1998 argues that improving efficiency and effectiveness of public
management Several years later, in 2005, the OECD launched Modernizing Government and
highlighted the widely shared objective to make the public sector more responsive,
transparent, and efficient. “This means that modernization depends on the context because
history, culture, and the stage of development give governments different characteristics and
priorities” these conclusions are very generic and lack evidence and variable that formed the
report. Main central government management reforms carried out since 1980 in the "core
new public management" states such as the UK, the USA, Australia, and New Zealand, have
pursued the strategies of marketizing and privatizing. To restructure the public sector these
groups are individualistic culture and pro-business attitudes but the article showcases a
literature gap as it did not refer to why these countries progressed with regards to new public
ad despite being individualistic?
European countries were praised for having shared a more optimistic attitude toward the
future role of the state and a more constructive approach to the reform of the public services.
European states are assessed here but it's not a sufficient sample size to draw valid
conclusions about all the countries because the situation and implementation of reforms vary
from place to place.
The new public management approach is often discussed as a single notion, though it
encompasses a variety of different approaches to change, some of which are contradictory
and mutually exclusive.
The researcher mentioned the distinctive model of reforms, composed of Weberian elements
and neo elements, shows that continental European countries have not converged to the new
public management model The research does not assert the suitability and practicality of the
model only it only shared their interests that did not justify their preference to a neo-webinar
ideology that could have been enlisted as the recompenses of the model.
The article has a couple of anomalies which also include issues with research and sample
selection because the results are based on the effectiveness of the model European which
does not reflect the general population or the concerned Anglo-American nation. The new
public management approach is frequently addressed as a single concept, even though it
contains several different change techniques, some of which are contradictory and mutually
exclusive.
Though, the article very well explains the evolution of public administration concerning the
changing era however It did not categorize the revolutionary era but rather vaguely described
how each period had contributed to the modifications and made it into what it is today. it
failed to contextualize terminologies that were difficult to grasp for laymen. The article is not
generalized and exhibits that it is written for the audience that is pre-informed and already
aware of the specific terms.