List of wars involving England

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This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this
article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (September 2012)

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England prior to the creation of the
Kingdom of Great Britain via the Acts of Union 1707.

Contents
• 1 11th century
• 2 12th century
• 3 13th century
• 4 14th century
• 5 15th century
• 6 16th century
• 7 17th century
• 8 18th century
• 9 List of civil wars
• 10 See also
• 11 References

11th century
Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Beginning End Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Denmark
Viking power
Viking
broken after
937 1066 invasions of England
Battle of Stamford
England Norway
Bridge
Norman
1066 1088 Conquest of Kingdom of Duchy of Norman victory
England England Normandy
Holy Roman
Empire Great Seljuq
Empire

1096 1099 First Crusade Kingdom of Crusader victory

France Danishmends
Duchy of Fatimids
Apulia Almoravids
Byzantine Abbasids
Empire
 Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Beginning End Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Armenian
Kingdom of
Cilicia

12th century
Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Treaty of Wallingford
Supporters of
Supporters
The Empress Matilda • Stephen ousted,
1135 1154 of Stephen of
Anarchy and Henry Henry crowned
Blois
Curtmantle King of England.

Kingdom of
Jerusalem

Kingdom of
France
Sultanate of Rum
Holy Roman
Empire
Second Kingdom of Almoravids
1145 1149 Muslims victory
Crusade Portugal Almohads
Castile Zengids
County of Abbasids
Barcelona Fatimids

León
Byzantine
Empire
Kingdom of
Sicily
English rebels Royalist victory
Kingdom of
France Rebels reconciled to rule
Kingdom of of Henry II.
Scotland William the Lion signs
Revolt of English County of Treaty of Falaise.
1173 1174
1173–74 royalists Flanders Henry II maintains hold on
his territories.
County of
Several Scottish castles,
Boulogne
including Berwick and
Duchy of Edinburgh, transferred to
Brittany Henry II.
 Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Kingdom of
Ayyubids
Jerusalem
Treaty of Ramla
Third Zengids
1189 1192 France • Partial Crusader
Crusade Sultanate of Rum
Holy Roman Byzantine Empire victory
Empire Kingdom of
Kingdom of Sicily
Hungary

13th century
Belligerents (excluding
Name of England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict
Allies Enemies

Pro- Rebel Barons Rebellion put down,

French invasion repelled,
1215 1217 First Barons' War Angevin
followed by return to
forces France antebellum status quo.
1242 1242 Saintonge War France French victory
Second Barons'
1264 1267 Rebel barons Monarchic victory
War
France

Kingdom of
Cyprus
1271 1272 Ninth Crusade Kingdom of Mamluks Partial Crusader victory
Jerusalem
County of
Tripoli
Ilkhanate
Armenian
Cilicia
First War of
1296 1328 Scottish Kingdom Scottish victory
Independence of Scotland

14th century
Belligerents (excluding
Start Finish Name of Conflict England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
 Belligerents (excluding
Start Finish Name of Conflict England) Outcome
Allies Enemies
1321 1322 Despenser War Marcher Lords Royalist victory
War of Saint-
1324 1324 France French victory
Sardos
Kingdom of
Second War of Scotland
1332 1357 Scottish Scottish victory
Independence
France
Duchy of
Burgundy
France

Duchy of
Castile English victory in
Brittany
Scotland the Edwardian War
(Montfort)
Hundred Years' Genoa French victory in
1337 1453
War Portugal the Caroline War
Majorca and the Lancastrian
Navarre
Bohemia War
Flanders
Aragon
Hainaut
Brittany
Luxembourg
(Blois)
Holy Roman
Empire
Anglo-Scottish
1377 1575 Scotland Stalemate
Wars
Third Ferdinand
1381 1382 Portugal Castile Castillian victory
War

Crown of
Castile
Portugal
1383 1385 1383–85 Crisis Kingdom Victory
Kingdom of of France
England
Crown of
Aragon

15th century
Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Glyndŵr
Welsh rebels
Rising
1400 1415 Kingdom of Total English victory
Part of the
Hundred France
 Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Years' War
Lancastrian victory,
Wars of the House of
1455 1485 House of York founding of the House
Roses Lancaster
of Tudor
Anglo-
1470 1474 Hanseatic Hanseatic League Hanseatic victory
War
League of
Venice:

Papal States
Republic of
Venice
Kingdom of
Naples Kingdom of
Italian War Kingdoms of France Victory
of 1494– Spain
1496 1498 1498 Duchy of • Forced French
• Swiss
(1494– Milan retreat
mercenaries
1498) Holy
Roman Empire
Republic of
Florence
Duchy of
Mantua
Kingdom of
England (from
1496)
Cornish
1497 1497 Rebellion of Cornish rebels English victory
1497

16th century
Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies

Papal
States France
War of the
French and Venetian
1511 1516 League of
Venice victory
Cambrai
Spain Duchy of Ferrara
Holy Scotland
Roman Empire
 Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies

Swiss
mercenaries

Papal
States France
Italian War
1521 1526 of 1521– Victory
26 Spain Venice
Holy
Roman Empire
France

Spain
War of the Papal Spanish-Imperial
1526 1530 League of States
Holy Roman Victory
Cognac Venice Empire
Florence Republic of Genoa
Duchy of
Milan
Spain
France
Italian War
1542 1546 of 1542– Holy Inconclusive
46 Roman Empire Ottoman Empire
Saxony Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Brandenburg
Rough Treaty of Norham,
1543 1550 Scotland
Wooing Scottish victory
Prayer
Southwestern
1549 1549 Book Edwardian victory
Catholics
Rebellion
Spain

France
Italian War Holy Victory, Peace of
1551 1559 of 1551– Roman Empire
Cateau-Cambrésis
59 Duchy of Republic of Siena
Florence Ottoman Empire
Duchy of
Savoy
French Protestants: Catholics: Victory
Wars of
1562 1598 Huguenots Catholic League
Religion • Uneasy truce
(1562– England Spain • The Edict of
 Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
1598) Duchy of Savoy Nantes
granted the
Huguenots
substantial
rights in
certain areas
• Paris and
other defined
territories
were declared
to be
permanently
Catholic
• Failure of
France's
enemies to
weaken
France and to
gain territories

Dutch
Republic
Spain Victory
Eighty
1566 1648 Peace of Münster,
Years' WarFrance
Holy Roman independent
Huguenots Netherlands
Empire
German
Protestants
Kingdom Victory
of England
First FitzGeralds of
Kingdom • Second
1569 1573 Desmond Desmond
of Ireland Desmond
Rebellion allied Irish clans
allied Irish Rebellion
clans
Victory
Kingdom
Second FitzGeralds of
of England • Famine
Desmond Desmond
Kingdom throughout
1579 1583 Rebellion Spain
of Ireland Munster
(1579– Papal States
allied Irish • Plantation of
1583) allied Irish clans
clans Munster

Portugal Spain Defeat

War of the
loyal to Prior
1580 1583 Portuguese
of Crato • Decisive
Succession
Portugal loyal to Spanish
 Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict Allies Enemies
Philip of Spain victory
France • Philip of
United Spain
Provinces crowned King
of Portugal[1]

Spain
United
Provinces
• Portugal Stalemate
Anglo- under Philip of
Spanish France Spain • Status quo
1585 1604 War Portuguese ante bellum
(1585– loyal to Prior • Treaty of
1604) of Crato French Catholic London
French League
Huguenot
forces Irish alliance
Order of Saint John
Victory
Alliance of Irish • English
Kingdom clans victory
Nine
of England • Treaty of
1594 1603 Years' War
Kingdom Mellifont
(Ireland) Spain
of Ireland (1603)
Scottish Gaelic • Flight of the
mercenaries Earls (1607)

17th century
Star Finis Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Outcome
t h Conflict Allies Enemies
Treaty of Hague
Dutch Republic
Kingdom
Kingdom of
of Portugal • Formation of the
England
Dutch- Crown of Dutch Empire
(until 1640)
Portuguese Castile • Portuguese
Johor Sultanate
1602 1661 War (until 1640) Restoration War
Kingdom of
(1602– Kingdom • Dutch victory in
Kandy
1661) of Cochin the East
Kingdom of
Potiguara • Portuguese
Kongo
Tupis victory in South
Kingdom of Ndongo
America and
Star Finis Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Outcome
t h Conflict Allies Enemies
Africa

Status quo ante bellum

• Spain seeks and

signs peace
treaty with
England in light
of imminent war
with France
• Treaty of
England Madrid, similar
Anglo- to previous
Spanish Support: Anglo-Spanish
1625 1630 War Spain treaty although
(1625– • United somewhat less
1630) Provinces strict regarding
trade
• England
bankruptcy
practically ends
English support
to Dutch
Republic in
Eighty Years'
War

Anglo- French victory

French War
1627 1629 England France
(1627– • Treaty of Suza
1629)
Bishops'
Covenanters defeat
Wars Scottish Royalists Scottish
1639 1653 Scottish Royalist and
(1639– England Covenanters
England.
1640)
Victory

• Treaty of Lisbon
• Charles II of
Kingdom of Spain recognizes
Portuguese
Portugal Crown of the sovereignty
1640 1668 Restoration
France Spain of the House of
War
England Braganza over
Portugal and its
colonial
possessions
Star Finis Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Outcome
t h Conflict Allies Enemies
Irish
Catholic
Confederatio
n
(allied with
Royalists 1648– English Parliamentarian
Irish 1650) conquest of Ireland,
1641 1653 Confederat Parliamentarians defeat of Royalists and
e Wars crushing of Irish
English and Catholic power
Scottish
Royalists
(allied with Irish
Confederates
1648–1650)
Parliamentarian victory

• Execution of
King Charles I
• Exile of Charles
English II
1642 1651 Parliamentarians Royalists
Civil War • Establishment of
the republican
Commonwealth
under Oliver
Cromwell

First Victory
Commonwealth Dutch
1652 1654 Anglo-
of England Republic
Dutch War Treaty of Westminster
Victory

• Treaties of
Madrid (1667
Anglo- and 1670).
Spain
Spanish Commonwealth • Acquisition of
Royalists
1654 1660 War of England Jamaica, the
of the British
(1654– France (1657–59) Cayman Islands,
Isles
1660) Dunkirk and
Mardyck by the
Commonwealth
of England

Defeat
Dutch
Second England
Republic
1665 1667 Anglo- Bishopric of • Uti possidetis
Denmark
Dutch War Münster • Treaty of Breda
France
Star Finis Name of Belligerents (excluding England)
Outcome
t h Conflict Allies Enemies
Defeat
England
France Dutch Status quo ante bellum:
Third
Bishopric of Republic
1672 1674 Anglo-
Münster Denmark- • Treaty of
Dutch War
Electorate of Norway Westminster
Cologne (1674)

Victory

Peace between France,

Dutch England and the Dutch
Republic Republic:
France Holy
Roman • Treaty of
England
Empire Westminster
Sweden
Franco- Spain (1674)
1672 1678 Bishopric of
Dutch War Denmark- • Treaty of
Münster
Nijmegen (1678-
Archbishopric of Norway
9)
Cologne Electorate • Franche-Comté
of and Spanish
Brandenburg Netherlands
cities ceded to
France

Rebel army
Monmouth Royal army of
1685 1685 of Duke of Victory for James II
Rebellion James II
Monmouth
Victory
Grand Alliance:
Dutch Republic • Treaty of
England Ryswick
Holy Roman • Louis XIV
Nine Years' Empire France recognises
1688 1697
War Spanish Empire Jacobites William III of
Duchy of Savoy Orange as King
Swedish Empire of England,
(until 1691) Scotland and
Scotland Ireland.

18th century
Name of Belligerents (excluding
Start Finish Outcome
Conflict England)
 Allies Enemies
Austrian Victory
monarchy
England • Spain cedes the Spanish
(until 1707) Netherlands, Kingdom
Great of Naples, Duchy of
Britain (from France Milan and Sardinia to
1707) Spanish the Austrian Habsburgs;
Dutch monarchy Sicily to the Duchy of
War of the Republic
Bavaria Savoy; and Gibraltar
1701 1714 Spanish Holy (~1704) and Minorca to Britain.
Succession Roman
Cologne • France recognises
Empire Mantua British sovereignty over
Piedmont- (~1708) Rupert's Land and
Savoy Newfoundland and
Prussia cedes Acadia and its
Habsburg half of Saint Kitts to
Spain Britain.
Portugal

List of civil wars

1. Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
2. The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
3. Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
4. First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
5. Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
6. Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
7. Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
8. Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last
English king to die in combat
9. Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and
Ireland
o First Bishops' War (1639)
o Second Bishops' War (1640)
o Irish Rebellion of 1641
o First English Civil War (1642–46)
o The Confederates' War (1642–48)
o Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)
o Second English Civil War (1648)
o Third English Civil War (1650–51)
o Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)
10. Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
11. Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland
and Ireland
o Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91)
o Battle of the Boyne (1690) – last battle between two rival claimants for
the throne
List of wars involving the United
Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve
this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged and removed. (March 2012)

This is a list of wars involving the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland from 1922 to the present day, those involving the Kingdom of Great Britain
from 1707–1801 and those involving the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
from 1801–1922.

During its history, British forces or forces with a British mandate have invaded, had
some control over or fought conflicts in 171 of the world's 193 countries that are
currently UN member states, or nine out of ten of all countries (or 89% of UN
Nations).[1]

British victory
British defeat
Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum,
result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
Ongoing conflict

Contents
• 1 Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)
• 2 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)
• 3 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1922–present)
• 4 See also
• 5 References

Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801)

Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
Tsardom of Coalition victory:
Russia
Swedish Empire • Tsardom of Russia
establishes itself
The Great
• Kalmyk as a new power in
Northern War Khanate Ottoman Empire Europe.
(1700-1721) United Provinces • Decline of
Brunswick-Lüneburg Swedish Empire
Cossack and the Polish–
Hetmanate Lithuanian
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
Denmark– Commonwealth.
Norway
Electorate of
Saxony
Poland–
Lithuania
Prussia
Hanover

The War of the Grand Alliance Victory:

Spanish Austria
Succession • Treaty of Utrecht:
France
(1701-1714) • Territory in
Dutch Canada and the
including Republic West Indies ceded
Spain
Savoy from France
Bavaria
• Queen Prussia • Territory in
Hungarians
Anne's Portugal Europe ceded
War from Spain

Civil War:
(1715-1715)

Jacobite rising
of 1715
Jacobites Victory
including
Government
forces Jacobite restoration
• the
France attempt defeated
uprising
in
Cornwal
l

The War of the

Quadruple Quadruple Alliance
Alliance Victory:
Holy Roman
Empire Spain
including • Jacobite
restoration attempt
• The defeated
France Jacobites (against the
Ninetee • Treaty of The
Dutch British Crown and
n Hague:
Republic Government only)
Uprising • Spanish attempt at
Savoy
in expansion fails.
Britain
(1717-
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
1720)

Victory
Dummer's War United
France
(1721-1725) Kingdom
Capture of Norridgewock
The War of the
Austrian
Succession
France
(1740-1748)

including Austria
Prussia
Spain
• King
Treaty of Aix-la-
George's Hanover
• Spanish Chapelle:
War Dutch
Empire
• The War Republic
• Status quo ante
of Saxony
Bavaria bellum
Jenkins' Sardinia
Saxony
Ear Russia
Naples and Sicily
(Start East India
Genoa
1739) Company
Sweden
• The
French East India
First
Company
Carnatic
War

Civil War:
Victory
Government Jacobitism
forces
Jacobite rising Jacobite restoration
France
of 1745 attempt defeated
(1741-1745)
East India Victory
French East India
Company
Company
Treaty of Pondicherry:
Forces of Chanda
The Second Shahib
Forces of • Pro-British
Carnatic War
Nasir Jang Mir Mohamed Ali
(1749-1754)
Ahmad Khan Walajan
Forces of Muhyi ad-
Forces of became Nawab of
Din Muzaffar Jang
Mohamed Ali the Carnatic
Hidayat
Khan Walajan
Prussia France Victory
Seven Years'
War
• French Empire Treaty of Paris:
(1756-1763)
Hanover
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
Iroquois Holy Roman Empire • Extensive North
Portugal and Russian Empire American lands
her colonies Sweden (incl. all of
Brunswick- Spain Canada) ceded
Wolfenbüttel from France
Hesse-Kassel • Spanish • Caribbean
Empire colonies ceded
from France
Saxony • Senagal River
Sardinia colony (excluding
Gorée) ceded from
France
• Florida ceded
from Spain

Victory

Treaty of Paris:
France
The Third • French trading
East India
Carnatic War posts in India
Company
(1757-1763) French East India administered by
Company British
• Sumatra ceded
from France

Victory
Anglo-
United
Cherokee War Cherokee
Kingdom Pro-British Attakullakulla
(1758-1761)
becomes Cherokee leader
Stalemate

• British policy
change
Pontiac's • British suzerainty
Confederation of First
Rebellion over First Nation
Nation Tribes
(1763-1766) Tribes
• Niagara Falls area
ceded from
Seneca Nation

East India
First Anglo- Company
British defeat, Hyderabad
Mysore War Kingdom of Mysore
cedes territory to Mysore
(1766-1769)
Maratha
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
Empire
Hyderabad
State
Treaty of Salbai:

• Salsette Island
ceded from
Maratha Empire
First Anglo- • Territory west of
East India
Maratha War Maratha Empire Jumna River
Company
(1774-1783) ceded to Maratha
Empire
• Maratha support
for Britain against
Mysore

Treaty of Paris:

• 13 North
American colonies
recognised as the
American
independent
Revolutionary
United States
War
• Territory in North
American War
America ceded to
of
United States new United States
Independence
France • Senegal River
(1775-1783)
colony returned to
Iroquois
France
including:
Spain • French recognises
Dutch Republic British suzerainty
• Anglo- Cherokee
Vermont Republic over the Gambia
French Hanover
Kingdom of Mysore river
War Loyalists
Oneida tribe • Territory in India
• Anglo-
Tuscarora tribe returned to France
Spanish
Watauga Association • Minorca ceded to
War
Catawba tribe Spain
• Fourth
• East & West
Anglo-
Florida ceded to
Dutch
Spain
War
o All British
settlers to
be
expelled
from
Florida
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
• De-militarisation
of British
Honduras
• Territory in India
ceded by the
Dutch

East India
Company
Treaty of Mangalore:
2nd Anglo-
Mysore War Kingdom of Mysore • Status quo ante
Maratha
1780-1784) bellum
Empire
Hyderabad
State
Treaty of Greenville

Northwest • American
Western
Indian War United States occupation of the
Confederacy
(1785-1795) Northwest
Territory

East India Victory

Company
Treaty of Seringapatnam:
3rd Anglo- Kingdom of Mysore
Mysore War Maratha France • Half of Mysore
(1789-1792) Empire territory ceded to
Hyderabad East India
State Company
Travancore
Saint-
Domingue ex- Victory
slaves
Great Britain Saint-Domingue slave
owners • Expulsion of the
Haitian (until 1800) French colonial
United Kingdom of France
Revolution (until 1792) government.
(1791-1804) Kingdom (1801- French Republic (from • Establishment of
1804) 1792) the independent
Spain(1793– Polish Legions Empire of Haiti.
1795)
French
royalists
The War of the
Austria French Republic
First Coalition Defeat
(1793-1797)
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)

Prussia French satellite states Treaty of Campo Formio

French Polish Legions
Royalists • Survival of the
Spain French Republic
Kingdom of • French annexation
Portugal of the Austrian
Kingdom of Netherlands
Sardinia • Several French
Naples and client republics
Sicily established
Italian states • Britain remained
Ottoman at war with France
Empire into the War of the
Dutch Second Coalition,
Republic ending with the
Treaty of Amiens

War in the
French British-backed rebellion
Vendée French Republic
Royalists defeated
(1793-1796)
Dharug
Victory
Hawkesbury Eora
Loyalists
and Nepean Tharawal
Burrberongal Displacement of
Wars Gandangara
Tribe Aborigines from their
(1795-1816) Irish-convict
land
sympathisers
United Irishmen
Victory
Irish Rebellion
Kingdom of
of 1798
Ireland Rebellion defeated
(1798) Defenders
1801 Act of Union
French Republic
East India
Company
Victory
Kingdom of Mysore
4th Anglo-
Mysore War Complete annexation of
Maratha
(1798-1799) Mysore by Britain and
Empire French Republic
allies
Hyderabad
State
Austria Defeat
French Republic
War of the
Second Treaty of Amiens:
Coalition Russia
Spain
(1799-1802) French • General French
Polish Legions
Royalists victory
 Opposed
Conflict Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side 2 Outcome
(Britain)
Portugal French client republics: • Britain recognises
Two Sicilies the French
Ottoman • Batavian Republic
Empire Republic • Cape Colony
• Helvetic returned to the
Republic French client
• Cisalpine Batavian Republic
Republic • British withdrawal
• Roman from Egypt
Republic • French withdrawal
• Parthenopaean from the Papal
Republic States
• Trinidad and
Tobago ceded
from France
• Ceylon ceded
from the Batavian
Republic

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–

1922)
Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
Victory
Temne War
Susu tribes Kingdom of Koya
(1801-1807) Northern shore of Sierra
Leone ceded by Koya
Victory
Second Anglo-
East India
Maratha War Maratha Empire Extensive territory in India
Company
(1802-1805) ceded by the Maratha
Empire
Victory
First Kandyan
War Kandy
Territory captured from
(1803-1805)
Kandy
Civil War:
Victory
• Emmet' Forces of Robert
s Emmet
Rebellion defeated
Insurrec
tion
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
(1803)

Austrian French Empire Fourth Peace of Preßburg:

Empire
• French victory
War of the Batavia • Austria surrenders
Third Coalition Russian Empire Italy to France
(1803-1805) Naples and Etruria • Pro-French
Sicily Spain Confederation of
Portugal Bavaria the Rhine formed
Sweden Württemberg
French Empire

Confederation of the
Rhine Treaties of Tilsit:
Prussia
• Bavaria • French victory
• Württemb • Half of Prussia
War of the
erg ceded to French
Fourth Russia
allies
Coalition Saxony
Polish Legions • Russia exits the war
Sweden
Italy • Anglo-Russian War
Sicily
Naples begins
Etruria
Holland
Swiss
Confederation
Spain
Spain
British
invasions of
• River Plate Invasion defeated
the Río de la
Viceroyalty
Plata

Ashanti-Fante Fante Confederacy

War Ashanti Empire
(1806-1807) Dutch Empire
Treaty of the Dardanelles:

• British Strategic
Anglo-Turkish victory
War Ottoman Empire • Turkish Military
(1807-1809) victory
• Commercial and
legal concessions to
British interests
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
within the Ottoman
Empire
• Promise to protect
the empire against
French
encroachment

Victory

Treaty of Kiel:
Gunboat War United
Denmark-Norway • Denmark and
(1807-1814) Kingdom
Norway split up
• Heligoland ceded
from Denmark

Victory

Treaty of Kiel

• Denmark joined the

anti-Napoleonic
alliance
• Frederick VI of
Denmark cedes
Denmark-Norway
English Wars United Norway to Sweden
French Empire
(Scandinavia) Kingdom ending a more than
(1807-1814) Sweden 400-year old union
Spain
between Denmark
and Norway
• Norway ceded to
Sweden
Heligoland ceded
to United Kingdom
Swedish Pomerania
ceded to Denmark

Treaty of Örebro:
Anglo-Russian
United • Anglo-Russian-
War Russian Empire
Kingdom Swedish pact
(1807-1812)
against France

Victory
Spain
Peninsular War
French Empire
(1807-1814) Treaty of Paris:
Portugal
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
• Bourbon dynasty
restored
• Tobago, St. Lucia,
Mautitius ceded
from France
• All other French
possessions
restored as per
1792 borders
• Abolition of French
Slave Trade
• Swiss
independence

French Empire

Warsaw
Austrian Confederation of the
Empire Rhine
Treaty of Schönbrunn:
• Bavaria
War of the • Complete Austrian
Tyrol • Saxony
Fifth Coalition surrender
Hungary • Württemb
(1809) • Peninsular War
Black erg
continued
Brunswickers • Westphalia
Sicily
Sardinia Kingdom of Italy
Naples
Swiss
Confederation
Holland
Victory
Portugal
Conquest of
Colonial Brazil • French Guiana
French Guiana France
United occupied by
(1809)
Kingdom Portugal until 1817.

Victory
Merina
Conquest of
Merina Kingdom French Empire Merina control of
Madagascar
Madagascar Merina pro-
(1810-1817)
British policies
Victory
4th Xhosa War
Xhosa tribes
(1811-1812) Xhosa tribes pushed
beyond the Fish River,
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
reversing their gains in the
previous Xhosa wars
Ashanti Empire Fante Confederacy
Ga-Fante War Tantamkweri ceded to
(1811) Akwapim tribes
Ga tribes Akwapim tribes
Dutch Empire Akim tribes
Stalemate

Treaty of Ghent:
Great Britain
War of 1812
British North United States
(1812-1815) • Status quo ante
America
bellum
• Military stalemate

Victory

Kandyan Convention:
Second
• Dissolution of the
Kandyan War Kandy
Kandy royal line
(1815)
• British King
declared King of
Kandy

Prussia
Victory

France Treaty of Paris:

Hanover
German • General French
Hundred Days
Confederation defeat
(1815) French Empire
Austria • Restoration of the
Russia House of Bourbon
War of the
Sweden • Abolition of the
Seventh Naples
Netherlands slave trade (all
Coalition
Spain signatories)
Portugal • ₣100,000,000
Sardinia compensation from
Kingdom of the France
Two Sicilies
Tuscany
Victory
Third Anglo-
East India
Maratha War Maratha Empire Virtually all territory south
Company
(1817-1818) of the Sutlej River
controlled by Britain
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
Victory
5th Xhosa War Forces of Xhosa Chief
Khoikhoi Forces
(1818-1819) Maqana Nxele Xhosa pushed beyond
Keiskama River
Greek
Ottoman Empire Victory
Greek War of revolutionaries
Independence
Establishment of the
(1820-1830)
Egypt Kingdom of Greece
Ionian Islands
First Ashanti
British retreat to Sierra
War Ashanti Empire
Leone
(1823-1831)
Victory

Treaty of Yandabo:

• Assam, Manipur,
East India Rakhine, and
First Anglo-
Company Taninthayi coast
Burmese War Kingdom of Burma
south of Salween
(1824-1826)
Native tribes river ceded from
Burmah
• £1,000,000
compensation from
Burma

Victory
Revolt of the Brazil German
Mercenaries United Kingdom Mercenaries
• Mutiny suppressed
(1828) France Irish Mercenaries

Victory
Liberal Forces
Concession of
Portuguese of Queen Maria II
Absolutist Forces Evoramonte:
Civil War
of King Miguel
(1828-1834)
• Defeat and exile of
Spain
King Miguel

Forces of Queen Carlists:

Isabella II
Victory
First Carlist • Forces of
War Infante Carlos
British mediated
(1833-1840) French Kingdom • Forces of
Convention of Vergara
Forces of Queen King Miguel
Maria II
The 6th Xhosa Free Khoikhoi Xhosa tribes Victory
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
War
(1834-1836) Extensive territorial gains
from Xhosa
Victory
Great Britain
Province of
• Patriote rebellion
Upper Canada
crushed by loyalist
forces; Republic of
Province of
Rebellions of Patriotes Canada dismantled
Lower Canada
1837 Hunters' Lodges • Defeat of Hunters'
(1837-1838) Reform Movement Lodges
• British
• Unification of
Loyalists
Upper and Lower
Canada into the
Supported by:
Province of Canada
United States
First Anglo-
East India Emirate of British retreat from
Afghan War
Company Afghanistan Afghanistan
(1839-1842)
Victory

Treaty of Nanking:

• Five Chinese ports

open to foreign
First Opium
trade
War Manchu-China
• $21,000,000
(1839-1842)
compensation from
the Qing Empire
• Hong Kong Island
ceded from the
Qing Empire

Colorados
British and French
withdrawal before war's
Blancos
1839-1851 Argentine conclusion
Unitarians Peace treaty with the
Uruguayan French Kingdom Argentine
Argentine
Civil War Riograndense Confederation[2][3]
Confederation
Republic
Brazil Eventual Colorados victory
Italian Legion
Victory
First Anglo- East India
Sikh War Company Sikh Empire
Treaty of Lahore:
(1845-1846) Patiala State
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
• Extensive territory
ceded from the
Sikh Empire
• Partial control over
Sikh foreign affairs

Flagstaff War Forces of Tāmati

Ngāpuhi Iwi Stalemate
(1845-1846) Wāka Nene
Hutt Valley Victory
Campaign Te Āti Awa Iwi Ngāti Toa Iwi
(1846) Ngāti Toa Iwi retreat
The 7th Xhosa
War Victory
(1846-1847)
Xhosa tribes
Territory ceded from
The War of the Xhosa
Axe
Wanganui Stalemate
Campaign Māori Kupapa Māori Iwis
(1847) 12 year peace and trade
Victory
Second Anglo-
East India
Sikh War Sikh Empire Complete annexation of
Company
(1848-1849) the Punjab by the East
India Company
Xhosa tribes
The 8th Xhosa Victory
War
(1850-1853) Xhosa-Khoi attacks
Khoikhoi tribes
defeated Status quo ante
Native Kafir
Mlanjeni's War bellum
Police
Victory

• Qing Dynasty
Qing dynasty
Taiping victory
France Taiping Heavenly
Rebellion • Fall of the Taiping
United Kingdom
(1850-1864) Heavenly Kingdom
Kingdom
• Weakening of the
Qing dynasty

Victory
Second Anglo-
Burmese War Kingdom of Burma Burmese revolution ended
(1852-1853) fighting Lower Burma
annexed
Crimean War French Empire Russian Empire Victory
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
(1853-1856)
Treaty of Paris
Ottoman Bulgarian Legion
Empire
Kingdom of
Sardinia
Costa Rica
Victory
Honduras
The National Sonora Sonora/Nicaraguan
Rebel Forces of
War in government defeat.
Patricio Rivas
Nicaragua Slavery outlawed.
The Mosquito
(1856-1857) Nicaragua William Walker's army is
Coast
defeated and he is arrested
Guatemala
by the U.S. Navy.
El Salvador
United States
Victory

The Treaty of Tientsin:

• Kowloon ceded
from the Qing
Empire
• Peking opened to
foreign trade
Second Opium
French Empire • 11 more Chinese
War
ports opened to
(1856-1860) Manchu-China
foreign trade
United States • Yangtze River
Arrow War
opened to foreign
warships
• 4,000,000 taels of
silver compensation
• China banned from
referring to subjects
of the crown as
barbarians

Afghanistan
Persia Victory
Anglo-Persian
War
Persian withdrawal from
(1856-1857) East India
Herat Herat
Company
East India Victory
Indian Mutiny Sepoys of the East
Company
(1857-1858) India Company
Act for the Better
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
Government of India:
Nepal Mughal Empire
Jammu and Awadh • Company rule in
Kashmir Jhansi India dissolved
Princely states: • Indian Empire
7 Princely states
established
• Jaipur • Ban on Christian
• Bikaner missionaries in
• Marwar India
• Rampur
• Kapurtha
la
• Nabha
• Bhopal
• Sirohi
• Udaipur
• Patiala
• Sirmur
• Alwar
• Bharathp
ur
• Bundi
• Jaora
• Bijawar
• Ajaigarh
• Rewa
• Kendujh
ar
• Hyderab
ad

First Taranaki
Māori Iwis
War
(1860-1861)
Stalemate
Māori King
Second Māori
Movement
War
Victory
Bombardment
• Tactical stalemate
of Kagoshima British Empire Satsuma Domain and mitigated
(1863)
British victory

Second
Ashanti War Ashanti Empire Stalemate
(1863-1864)
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
Invasion of
Victory
Waikato
(1863-1866) Māori King
Māori Kupapa Māori King Movement
Movement
defeated, confined to King
Third Māori
Country
War
Victory

Treaty of Sinchula:

• Bhutan cedes
Bhutan War Assam Duars and
India Bhutan
(1864-1865) Bengal Duars to
India
• Bhutan cedes
territory in
Dewangiri to India

Forces of Raja
Klang War
Abdullah of Klang
(1867-1874)
Forces of Raja
Victory
Mahadi
Selangor Civil
British Straits
War
Settlements
Titokowaru's
War
Victory
(1868-1869)
Māori Kupapa Ngāti Ruanui Iwi
Ngāti Ruanui Iwi
Part of the
withdrawal
New Zealand
land wars
Victory
1868
Expedition to
India Abyssinia British hostages freed War
Abyssinia
of the Abyssinian
(1868)
Succession begins
Te Kooti's War
Victory
Part of the
Māori Kupapa Māori Iwis End of New Zealand land
New Zealand
wars Territory ceded by
land wars
Māori Iwis
(1868-1872)
Red River Dominion of Victory
Métis Forces of
Rebellion Canada
Louis Riel
(1869-1869) Defeat of rebellion
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
Manitoba Act:
Métis Loyalists
• Creation of the
Province of
Manitoba

Victory

Treaty of Fomena:

• 50,000 oz of gold
Third Ashanti compensation from
War Ashanti Empire Ashanti Empire
(1873-1874) • Ashanti withdrawal
from coastal areas
• Ashanti banned
from practicing
human sacrifice

Victory
The 9th Xhosa
War Mfengu Tribe Xhosa Gcaleka Tribe All Xhosa territory
(1877-1879) annexed to the Cape
Colony
Victory
Second Anglo-
Afghan War India Afghanistan
British control over
(1878-1880)
Afghan foreign affairs
Victory
Anglo-Zulu
Natal Zulu Kingdom
War
Zululand annexed to Natal
Defeat

Pretoria Convention:
First Boer War South African
(1880-1881) Republic • South African
Republic granted
self-government

Egypt
Victory
Mahdist War
Mahdist Sudan
(1884-1889) Sudan ruled by Britain and
Italy
Egypt
Belgium
Third Anglo-
Kingdom of Burma Victory
Burmese War
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
(1885)
Upper Burma annexed to
British Raj
Victory
Sikkim
Expedition India Tibet
Tibet recognizes British
(1888)
suzerainty over Sikkim
Victory
Anglo-
Zanzibar
Zanzibar War
Pro-British Sultan installed
Japan
Victory
Righteous Harmony
Russia Boxer Protocol:
Boxer Society
France
Rebellion
United States • Anti-foreign
(1899-1901)
Germany societies banned in
Manchu-China
Italy China
Austria-
Hungary
Victory

Treaty of Vereeniging:

• All Boers to
surrender arms and
swear allegiance to
Orange Free State the Crown
Second Boer • Dutch language
War South African permitted in
(1899-1902) Republic education
Foreign volunteers • Promise to grant
Boer republics self-
government
• £3,000,000
compensation
"reconstruction aid"
to Afrikaners

Victory
Anglo-Aro
War Aro Confederacy Aro Confederacy
(1901-1902)
destroyed
British Victory
expedition to India Tibet
Tibet Status quo ante bellum
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
1903-1904)
Victory

Treaty of Versailles:

• German
demobilisation

Treaties of Saint-Germain-
en-Laye and Trianon:

• Demise of Austria-
Hungary
India
Russia pulls out in 1917

• Russian Civil War

Dominion of
o Creation of
Canada
the Soviet
Australia
Austria-Hungary Union
New Zealand
South Africa
Creation of League of
Newfoundland
Germany Nations:
Belgium
World War I
France
(1914-1918) • German • Mesopotamia ceded
Greece
Empire from the Ottoman
Portugal
Empire
Romania
Ottoman Empire • Palestine and
Russia
Bulgaria Jordan ceded from
Italy
the Ottoman
Japan
Empire
United States
• Tanganyika ceded
Serbia
from Germany
Montenegro
• Part of Kamerun
Other Allies
ceded from
Germany
• Part of Togoland
ceded from
Germany
• German New
Guinea ceded to
Australia
• German Samoa
ceded to New
Zealand
• German South-
West Africa ceded
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
to South Africa

Estonia
Victory
United
Kingdom Soviet Russia
Estonian War • Independence of
Finland
of Estonia
Denmark
Independence • Vidzeme gained by
Latvia Baltische
(1918-1920) the Republic of
White Landeswehr
Latvia
movement
Swedish volunteers
Latvia
German Empire
Estonia
West Russian Victory
White
Latvian War of Volunteer Army
Movement
Independence • Independence of
Poland
1918-1920) Latvia
Lithuania
Russian SFSR
United
Latvian SSR
Kingdom
Defeat
British Empire
• Allied withdrawal
Allied Soviet Russia from Russia
intervention in • Bolshevik victory
France
the Russian over White Army
United States
Civil War Far Eastern • Soviet Union new
Japan
(1918-1920) Republic Russian Power
Greece
• Josef Stalin Rise to
power

British withdrawal before

Ottoman
war's conclusion
Empire
Turkish
Nationalists Treaty of Lausanne
Turkish War of
Soviet Russia
Independence Greece
Soviet Georgia • Turkish Nationalist
(1919-1923) France
Azerbaijan Soviet victory
Italy
Socialist Republic • End of the Ottoman
Armenia
Empire

Third Anglo-
Partial victory, Full
Afghan War India Afghanistan
Afghan independence
(1919-1919)
Irish War of Anglo-Irish Treaty:
Royal Irish
Independence Irish Republic
Constabulary (RIC)
(1919-1920) • Dominion status for
 Opposed Powers Opposed Powers
Conflict Outcome
Side 1 (Britain) Side 2
southern Ireland as
the Irish Free State

British
Somaliland Somaliland Victory
campaign
Dervish State
(1920) Demise of the Dervish
(1920) British East State
Africa
Victory
Great Iraqi
Revolution of • Revolt suppressed,
Iraqi rebels
1920 greater autonomy
(1920) given to Iraq

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern

Ireland (1922–present)
Opposed Powers Side 1 Opposed Powers Side
Conflict Outcome
(Britain) 2
United Kingdom
Emir Abdullah's forces
Hashemite allied Victory
Adwan
tribesmen: Sultan al-Adwan's
Rebellion
forces Sultan al-Adwan's
(1923)
• Sheykh Minwar al- defeat and exile
Hadid

Jewish Settlement Police

Jewish Supernumerary
Police
Great Arab
Haganah Victory
Revolt in Arab Higher
Special Night Squads
Palestine Committee
FOSH Revolt suppressed
(1936-1939)
Peulot Meyuhadot
Irgun
Peace Bands
Haganah
British–
Palmach British withdrawal
Zionist
United Kingdom Irgun and creation of
conflict
Israel
(1938-1948)
Lehi
World War The Allies Axis Powers
Victory
II
(1939-1945)
• France • Germany Total defeat for
Axis Powers.
• Denmark • Italy British, French,
American,and
• Poland • Hungary Soviet troops
occupy Germany
• Belgium • Japan until 1955. Italy and
Japan lose all of
• Netherlands • Bulgaria their colonies.

• Luxembourg • Croatia

• Czechoslovakia • Romania

• Norway • Manchukuo

• Greece • Mengjiang

• Yugoslavia • Finland

• Soviet Union • Thailand

• United • Vichy
Kingdom France

• United States

• Canada

• Australia

• New Zealand

• India

• Nepal

• South Africa

• Brazil

• China

Indonesian Netherlands
United Kingdom
National Indonesia recognises
Netherlands
Revolution Indonesian
(1945-1949) Independence
 Japan (Until 1945)

Britain withdraws
most support from
Greece Kingdom of Greece Albania March 1947, US
provides support,
Greek Civil Greek Government
War United Kingdom Yugoslavia overcomes revolt.
(1944-1948) United States Bulgaria At least 1 Battalion
UK troops still in
Greece till 1948
United Kingdom
Withdrawal
Operation
Viet Minh
Masterdom India
First Indochina War
(1945-1946) France
begins
Japan

Malaya

Malayan Victory
United Kingdom Communist Party
Malayan
Australia Communist retreat
Emergency
New Zealand from Malaya
(1948-1960)
Southern Rhodesia Malayan Races Malayan
Fiji Liberation Army independence
Kenya

Ceasefire

• Communist
South Korea North Korea
invasion of
South Korea
Korean War
defeated
(1950-1953) United States People's Republic
• UN invasion
United Kingdom of China
of North
United Nations Soviet Union
Korea
repulsed

Agreement for
Britain to withdraw
Suez Canal
from Canal zone
Zone
United Kingdom Egypt Bases, last British
Emergency
troops left June
(1951-1954)
1956

Mau Mau British East Africa

Mau Mau Victory
Uprising
(1952-1960)
United Kingdom Defeat of Mau Mau
Kenyan
independence
Imamate of Oman
Jebel Akhdar Sultanate of Muscat and
• Ibadi sect
War Oman Victory
Saudi
(1954-1959) United Kingdom
Arabia

Cypriot
intercommun Independence of
United Kingdom EOKA
al violence Cyprus
(1955-1960)
Victory
United Kingdom
France
Suez Crisis Israeli occupation of
Egypt
(1956-1957) Sinai
Anglo-French
Israel
withdrawal
Border Victory
Irish Republican
Campaign United Kingdom
Army
(1956-1962) IRA campaign fails
Victory
Malaysia
Indonesia–
Indonesia
Malaysia
Indonesia recognises
confrontation United Kingdom
Malaysian rule over
(1962-1966) Australia
former North
New Zealand
Borneo
Oman
Victory
United Kingdom
Dhofar
Iran
Rebellion Various insurgents Insurgency defeated
(1962-1975) Modernisation of
Oman
Jordan
British withdrawal
Aden Federation of South
NLF People's Republic
Emergency Arabia
FLOSY of South Yemen
(1963-1967) United Kingdom
established
Irish Republican
Good Friday
paramilitaries (OIRA,
Agreement:
PIRA, INLA etc.)
The Troubles United Kingdom
• Devolution
(1968-1998) Republic of Ireland
in Northern
Ireland
Opposed by
• Power-
Republicans:
 Loyalist sharing deal
Paramilitaries (UDA
etc.) Ulster Defence
Regiment

'B' Specials

(Secret collusion)
"Rogue" : British
soldiers & police
officers
Victory
Falklands
War United Kingdom Argentina The Falklands are
(1982) retaken from
Argentina
Victory

Britain provides
United Kingdom smaller contribution
than other 3 powers
Multinationa
from Feb 1983,
l Force in
France Syria while the 3 others
Lebanon
United States had intervened in
(1982-1984)
Italy Aug 1982, Britain,
US, and Italy left in
Feb 1984, with the
French leaving by
March 31, 1984.
Kuwait

United States Victory

Gulf War United Kingdom
Iraq
(1991) Saudi Arabia Kuwait regains its
France independence
Egypt
Syria
Other Allies
Bosnian War
NATO Republika Srpska Dayton Accords
(1992-1996)
United States
Operation Ceasefire;
Desert Fox Iraq objectives largely
(1998) achieved
United Kingdom
United States Victory
Kosovo War
Yugoslavia
(1998-1999) Kosovo occupied by
United Kingdom Nato forces
 France Kosovo
Canada administered by
Denmark UNMIK
Germany
Italy
Kosovo Liberation
Army
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone Rebels Victory
Civil War
(2000-2002) Liberia Rebels defeated
United Kingdom
Afghanistan

United States
United Kingdom
War in Canada Fall of Taliban
Afghanistan Germany régime
Italy
Fourth France Islamic Emirate of
Anglo- Denmark Afghanistan Osama bin Laden
Afghan Poland killed
War[4](2001- Romania Ongoing Taliban
2014) Turkey insurgency
Australia
Spain
ISAF

United States
Fall of Ba'athist rule
in Iraq
Iraq under Saddam
United Kingdom
Hussein
Iraq War Iraq after the fall of
Occupation of
(2003-2009) Saddam Hussein
southern Iraq
Australia
Various insurgents British withdrawal
Poland
in 2009, conflict
Denmark
ended in 2011
Iraqi Kurdistan
Many NATO members
Victory
acting under UN
mandate, including:
Fall of Gaddafi
Libyan regime
intervention Pro-Gaddafi forces Muammar Gaddafi
United States
(2011) killed
France
National
Denmark
Transitional
Italy
Council take control
Canada
 and
Anti-Gaddafi forces
several Arab League
states
Sweden
Operation Inherent
Resolve is in play.
United States
2014 Iraqi
France
intervention against
Jordan
ISIL
Morocco
Airstrikes on ISIL
United Kingdom
and al-Qaeda
Iraq
affiliates positions
Syrian Opposition
in Iraq and Syria
Egypt
Multinational
Libya
humanitarian effort
Australia
In mid 2014, The
Belgium
Islamic State of Iraq U.S launched a
Canada
and the Levant rescue mission in
Denmark
Boko Haram Syria in attempt to
Germany
International rescue James Foley
Italy
intervention and other hostages
Netherlands
against ISIL al-Nusra Front being held by ISIL.
New Zealand
(2014- Khorasan Arming and support
Bahrain
ongoing) for local ground
Saudi Arabia
forces
United Arab Emirates
2 American
Qatar
Ahrar ash-Sham journalists, 1
Nigeria
American
Cameroon
humanitarian
Chad
supporter, 1
Niger
American oil
South Sudan
worker, 2 British
humanitarian
supporters, and 1
Iran
French tourist
Hezbollah
executed by ISIL.
India
American-led
Russia
intervention in Syria
Spillover of the
Syrian Civil War