EXERCISE 6.6: The reactor of a catalytic reformer contains spherical catalyst particles of diameter 1.46 mm. The packed volume of the reactor is to be 3.4 m} and the void fraction is 0.25, The reactor feed is a gas of density 30 ky/m* and viscosity 2 x 10° Pas flowing at a rate of 11,320 mh. The gas properties may be assumed constant, The pressure loss through the reactor is restricted to 68,95 kPa. Calculate the cross-sectional area for flow and the bed depth required. SOLUTION TO EXERCISE 6.6: Using the Ergun equation (Text-Equation 6,15) to describe the relationship between gas velocity and pressure drop across the packed bed, ap) _ spt ee pel? (Ie) = 150 $1.75: —— a ye Ry 8 With 1 =2.0 x 10°5 Pas, pr=30 kg/m’, xev = 1.46 x 10-3 m, (-Ap)=68.75 kPa and e=0.25, SOLUTIONS TO CHAPTER 6: FLOW THROUGH A PACKED BED OF PARTICLES p.6.6 a x10S Reactor volume, V=AH =3.4 m3, , 11320 5% Gas vol Mowrate, Q=UA=————= 3,144 m / as Volumetric flowrate, Q=UA= m/s Substituting giv 0.6811 +21.4671 =1.0 Solving, bed depth, H = 0.35 m, and so cross-sectional area, A = 9.71 m2.78 By applying a force balance, calculate the incipient fluidizing velocity for a system With partcles of particle density 5000 kg/m’ and mean volume diameter 100 jim and a uid of density 12kg/m’ and viscosity 1.8 x10-°Pas Assume that the voidage at incipient fluidization is 05. If in the above example the particle size is changed to 2mm, what is Up? [Answer 0.045 m/s; 2.26 m/s) 7.9 A powder of mean siove size 60 um and particle density 1800 kg/m is fluidized by air of density 12kg/m’ and viseesity 1.84 x 10-* Pas in a circular vessel of diameter 0.5 m, ‘The mass of powder charged to the bed is 240 kg and the volume flovy rate of ai to the bed is 140m’/h. Its known that the average bed voidage at incipient fluidization is 0.5 and correlation reveals that the average bubble rise velocity under the conditions in question is 0.8m/s, Estimate: G) the minimum fluidization velocity, Un: @) the bed height at incipient fluidization; (©) the visible bubble flow rate; (2) the bubble fraction; (© the particulate phase voidage; (6. the mean bed height; () the mean bed voidage. [Answer: (a) Baeyens and Geldart correlation [Equation (7.11), 0.0027 m/s; 6) 1.24 m; Co) (0.038 m°/s (assumes Uyy > Uy) (A) 0.245; (&) 045; (f) 1.64 my (g) 0.585.] 740 A batch fluidized bed process has an initial charge of 2000 kg of solids of particle density 1800 kg/s” and with the size distribution shown below: Size range number @ Size range (um) Mass fraction in feed 1 15-30) 010 2 30-50 020 3 50-70, 030 4 70-100 oo ‘The bed is fluidized by a gas of density 1.2kg/m* Pa s at a superficial gas velocity of 04m/s. ‘The fluid bed vessel has a erose-sectional area of Tm Using a discrete time interval calculation with a time increment of Smin, calculate: exercises » (2) the size distribution of the bed after 50 min; () the total mass of solids lost from the bed in tha time; (6 the maximum solids loading atthe proces exit (@) the entrainment fux above the transport disengagement height of solids in size range 1(15-30 um) after 50 min. Assume that the process exit is positioned above TDH and that none of the entrained, solids tre retarnesd la the bedie Q2L eet hoe we Q2 List the most important factors on which the rate of filtration depends on yams katie . repens ORs ee ee a, aus gasses Q3 A continuous separating tank is used to o separate liquid w 3.5x 102m. The feed concentration is 6k is 6_kg water to 1S kg}ef solid. particle: 2280 kg/m timate the necessary area | fol Viscosity of water - 0 7x\03 Nisin #45rot particle avd Vice . lermina wot fora given sivalent volume sphere diam 10 00100 ‘Sop pate RerotsreberFp hep eset sone eft funter ip or pices oper stom dame Figure 23. Or tan iv 0135 (Sate Rand Cy are hase oe theFe ¥ ton Past At weSh = 29 Dicieip sf Wire = was peace ® ie! Cr feeleaeeal ree Se ihicknensh Ss weth = -# 3 oetS\ _ pad—|s =6iaF 4 sods tiny Be Dood XD=i Gi Gextrons ce . Gimdaaet = F= Orb 6 Feae = Dx +84 Fx; =O xP ys wits =D wo Dae: buO41: Calculate the theoretical power in w fora 0.1m diameter 6 blade tur agitator running at 16 rev/s in a tank system without baffles . The liquid in the | tank have a viscosity of 0.08 N s/m? and a density of 900 kg/m’. Assume that © is approximated by the relation: @=(NRey"™ ;a=1.0 ,8 = 40.0 hers viscosity = 0.006 kg /m s ) is fed 10 a column | : contains spherical particles ( diameter = (0.1 mm & specific gravity = 26) | Calculate the incipient Muidization velocity (Un)? 1 Q 2. Oil (specific gravity =Time (60 min) of 25 kg/m? concentration at constant d (At/AV) is 3x10 4° Stage Unit Operation —__ Q.1. A plate and frame filter of 0.5m? area was used to filtrate a slurry pressure drop of 340 kpa. If the slope of the filtration. process plot between (V) am sim? and the intercept is 6x10° sim’. Caleulate: 2¥).7 P& 377 a. The cake resistance b. The resistance of the filter medium to filtrate flow? 22 Bed filter is one of the important types of filters, describe this one and mention the other types? — separator for solid-liquid slurry fees Q.3. Sketch with indications a centrifugal feed? = =Scribe this one and mention the ae d-liquid slurry feed and orya ve) ay 2 g.sz e io" esr’ (ANG mati bata theese 2 diameter of peli in 64mm 1g What hold be the baht fe 1330 ke/ny sviscosity of air =¢ i a | the cake is. independent of pressure) | ate of 10 liters/s7 how lon will | @ 3: A slurry contains (6kg) of i oe be concentrate: to a slurrycontains ( Toor rae ‘ by using a continuous thickener , Five different cake cule Me f Rate of sedimentation ( mm/s): y Concentration ( kg water/ke solid Calculate the optimum cross secti 0.61 kg/ sec)? | Where tis in s,,-4p) in psa and Vin tikery a 4 “a : , 0.474)" 0:13 "'0.078°10.058 "0.0427" 2 37cs oF hh) ofp SSS - 8, = (deus 2 (B52 63.71 a Sane Corens! ais *)* ae ” Cree BS x igi ere Wo aH adh tee ee Ce e fo, ae Lenin Bs, Date se fps (Sos) Un ORNOR cgay ke wieesies een Sau Ba ae = Biwey be ore eyas . Dn bea = ean. > Oe (Go) - 2s mae 22 Gan), 20° | Hee ae SE aus mn a Ber ligad ”gradient ty, which, with A=0.1 mand 4p) = 400. 10° Pa, gives ave Vg red = 2.32310 Pasir? EE Yd settee? and Veq= 0.0177 Substituting in Tent-Equation 6:27 (sv +0.0177) which applies to the full-scale filter (area 2 wi) using the same slurry at any pressure drop. p tecltt] , bea22p12e0 (a) To ealeulate the tine required to pass 1.5 09 of itrae through the fllscale fer ac pressure drop of 300 KPa, we substitute V = 1.5 m? and (Ap) = 300 109 Pa in the above equation, giving: t= 2229 sec (or 37.1 minutes) {b) During the filation the cake thickness is continuously ineresing and, since the pressure dtop is constant, the volume flow rate of fate will eontinuously decrease, The filtration rate is given by Text-Equation 6.26. (as)A lv zie epee eee ae Te * G30 (1) Mite exes the volume of Filrate pasted at te end of the Milration period (V = 15 3323 x10? Pas/m?, Veq = .017T m? and (-Ap)=300 x 10% Pa, we find 4 ad av the filtration rate atthe end of the filtration period is [-=3.40x10™ m/sOP AL Ll oe INS IM) pas? P | Poteet ag | fe © (Day (AVP) (Be seed | PA-22) (oF UC) (924) 261) igs FERFs vbr Fle Rtayae Wes = 28 Aekineas Sf Wie eo: 2 2 mm Saat at me - i = ae bara eer de maida ney, Opa SE wary Ke re j yeas +B Fae # Dine 4848 eae: ive eee a ye ois =D)Time (60 min) a slurry of 25 kg/m’ concentration at constant (AU/AY) is 3x10° QL A plate and frame filler of 0.5m’ area was used to filtra Pressure drop of 340 kpa. If the slope of the filtration process plot between (V) and sém® and the intercept is 6x10" sim’, Caleulate: § 2¥).7 P& 579 a. The cake resistance b. The resistance of the filter medium to filtrate Now? os 2 Bed filter is one of the important types of filters, describe this one and mention the other type Q.3. Sketch with indications a centrifugal separator for solid-liquid slurry. feed?ip abs and gas ea be a andfans vel nn) amen he day athe S314 K/hmolK rs with rym dame he packing wsinacormen “1 1 2425810" EUS sore 8s pombe | (ae mart) | ora phe ele hrc 5 m9 ‘20a (somos)CLS) Jp Yaa eee } ry. ee et ~ Se Pp Sata aL Time (60 min) concentration at constant (V) and (AV/AY) is 3x10° je 4° Stage Unit Operation Q.1. A plate and frame filter of (0.5m? area was used to filtrate a slurry of 25 kg/m* pressure drop of 340 kpa. If the slope of the filtration process plot between s/m® and the intercept is 6x10° s/m?. Calculate: By) Peer a. The cake resistance _b. The resistance of the filter medium to filtrate flow? pee Bed filter is one of the important types of filters, describe this one and mention the of Q.3. Sketch with indications a centrifugal separator for solid-liquid slurry feed and for feed?EXERCISES 7A A packed bed of solid particles of density 2500 kg/m", occupies a depth of 1 m in a vessel of cross-sectional. area 0(04m®, The mass of solids in the bed is 50 kg and the suriace- Volume mean diameter of the particles is Imm. A liquid of density SOOkg/m and viscosity 0.002 Pa s flows upwards through the best (@) Calculate the voidage (volume fraction occupied by voids) of the bed. () Calcalate the pressure drop across the bed when the volume flow rate of liquid is 144m’ /h. (© Calculate the pressure drop across, the bed when It becomes Muidized fAnswer: (a) 0.5; (6) 6560 Pa; (c) 8598 Pa.d 72.190 kg of uniform spherical particles with a diameter of 50 um and particle density 1500 kg/m’ are fluidized by water (density 100) kg/m’, viscosity 0.001 Pas) in a circular ‘bed of cross-sectional area 0.2 m". The single particle terminal velocity of the particles is, (0.68 mm/s and the voidage at incipient fluidization is known to be 047, (2) Calculate the bed height at incipient fluidization. (©) Calculate the mean bed voidage when the liquid flow rate is 2 x 10-%m'/s. LAnswer: (a) 0.818; (b) 0.6622.1 73 130 kg of uniform spherical particles with a diameter of é0 im ane particle density 1500 kg/m’ are fluidized by water (censity 100) kg/m’, viscosity 0.001 Pas) in a circular Ihed oF cross-sectional area 0.2 m?. The single particle terminal velocity of the particles 1s (038 mm/s and the voidage at incipient fluidization is known to be O47. (a) Calculate the bed height at incipient fluidization @) Calculate the mean Muidized bed voidage when the liquid flow rato is 2 10° m'/s, Answer: (a) 0.818.my (b) 06121.) TA A packed bed of solid particles of density 2500 kg/m”, occupies a depth of Im in a ‘vessel of cross-sectional area 0.04 m*, The mass of solids in the bed is 59 kg and the surface- volume mean diameter of the particles is Imm. A liquid of density 800 kg/m and viscosity (002 Pass flows upwards through the bed. () Calculate the voidage (volume fraction occupied by voids) of the bed EXERCISES: 207 (©) Calculate the pressure drop across the bed when the volume flow rate of liquid is 72m" /h, (6) Calculate the pressure drop across the bed when it becomes fluidized. [Answer (@) 041; (b) 7876 Pa; (0 9839Pa] 7.5 12g of spherical resin posticles of density 1200 kg/m and uaiform diameter 70 umn are fluidized by water (Jensity 1000 kg/m? and viscosity 0.001 Pas) ina vessel of diameter (0.3m and form an expanded bed of height 0.25. (a) Calculate the difference in pressure between the base and the top of the bed. (©) I the flow rate of water is increased to 7em"/s, what will be the resultant bed height ‘Gad badd wobleces timitl obras Haciest[Qe Cates te W for a 0,1 diameter 6 Blads wang) gitaor running at 10 x stem without baffles. The liqul in te) tank have a viscosity of O.0RN sin? anda density of 900kgaf | Assume that © is approximated by thers \ | | |= (Rey sa 10 p40 Q2: Oil ( specific gravity = 0.9 & Viseosicy = 0,006 ke fm is Ted To aclu ‘contains spherical particles ( diameter =). mm & sf [Calculate the incipient fluidization velocity (1a)?SEE YAN Ose d= x her abe! CO Re. Unsaid)? (ined) (itie-!4)pa 2 aria (46 qe ee yy "R44 olf[Answer: 0.716 m.] 6.5 In the regeneration of an ion exchange resin, hydrochloric acid of density 1200 kgim3 and viscosity 2 x 10°? Pa s flows upwards through a bed of resin particles of density 2500 kg/m? resting on @ porous support in a tube 4 cm in diameter. The particles are spherical, have a diameter 0.2 mm and form a bed of void fraction 0.5. The bed is 60 cm deep and is unrestrained at its upper surface. Plot the frictional pressure drop across the bed as function of acid flow rate up to a value of 0.1 litres/min. [Answer: Pressure drop increases linearly up to a value of 3826 Pa beyond which point the bed will fluidize and maintain this pressure drop (see Chapter 7).] 6.6 The reactor of a catalytic reformer contains spherical catalyst particles of diameter 1.46 mm. The packed volume of the reactor is to be 3.4 m® and the void fraction is 0.45. The reactor feed is a gas of density 30 kg/m? and viscosity 2x 105 Pas flowing at a rate of 11320m%/h. The gas properties may be assumed constant. The pressure loss through the reactor is restricted to 68.95 kPa. Calculate the cross-sectional area for flow and the bed depth required. [Answer: area = 4.78 m2; depth = 0.711 m] 6.7 A leaf filter has an area of 2 m? and operates at a constant pressure drop of 250 kPa. The following results were obtained during a test with an incompressible cake: Volume of filtrate collected (litre) 280 BO SO 680 800 Time (min) 10 2 30 45 60 Calculate: (a) the time required to collect 1200 litre of filtrate at a constant pressure drop of 400 kPa with the same feed slurry; (b) the time required to wash the resulting filter cake with 500 litre of water (same properties as the filtrate) at a pressure drop of 200 kPa. [Answer: (a) 79.4 min; (b) 124 min.] 6.8 A laboratory leaf filler has an area of 0.1 m?, operates at a constant pressure drop of 400 kPa and produces the following results during a test on filtration of a slurry: Volume of filtrate collected (litre) 19 31d 49 56 8 Time (6) 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 (a) Calculate the time required to collect 1.5 m? of filtrate during filtration of the same slurry at a constant pressure drop of 300 kPa on a similar full-scale3 de: oFx/o ar Vel ese ee a a BAEXERCISES 207 (©) Calculate the pressure drop across the bed when the volume flow rate of liquid is 0.72m°/h, (©) Calculate the pressure drop across the bed when it becomes fuidized Answer: () O41; (b) 7876 Pa; (c) 9839 Pa.) 75 12k of spherical resin particles of density 1200 kg/m? and uniform diameter 70m are fluidized by water (density 1000 kg/m and viscosity 0.001 Pas) in a vessel of diameter (0.3m and form an expanded bod of height 0.25 m. (2) Calculate the difference in pressure betureen the hase and the top of the bed. (b) IE the flow rate of water is increased to 71 and bed voidage (liquid volume fraction)? "/5, what will be the resultant bed height State and justify the major assumptions. [Answver: (a) Frictional pressure drop = 277.5 Pa, pressure difference = 2730 Pa; (b) height 455m; voldage = 0.696] 7.6 A packed bed of sols of density 2000 kg/m occupies a depth of 0.6m ina cylindrical vessel of inside diameter 0.1m, The mass of solids in the bed is Sky and. the surface- volume mean diameter ofthe particles is 300 am. Water (density 1000 kg/m? and viscosity (0.001 Pas) flows upwards through the bed. (a) What is the voidage of the packed bed? (®) Usea force balance over the bed to determine the bed pressure drop when fluidized. (c) Hence, assuming laminar flow and that the voidage at incipient fluidization is the same as the packed bed voidage, determine the minimum fluidization velocity. Verify the assumption of laminar flow. [Answers (a) 0.4692; (b) 3124 Pa; () 1.145 mm/s) 7.7 A packed bed of solids of density 2000 kg/m* occupies a depth of 0.5m ina cylindrical ‘vessel of inside diameter 0-1 m. The mass of solids in the bed is 4kg. and the surface- ‘volume mean diameter of the particles is 400m. Water (density 1000 kg and viscosity 0.001 Pas) flows upwards through the bed. (a) What is the voldage of the packed bed? (®) Use. force balance over the bed to determine the bed pressure drop when fluidized, (c} Hence, assuming laminar flow and that the voidage at incipient fluidization is the same as the packed bed voidage, determine the minimum fluidization velocity. Verify the assumption of laminar flow. [Answers (@) 0.4907; (b) 2498 Pa; (©) 243 mm/s] 208 FLUIDIZATION 78 By applying a force balance, calculate the incipient fluidizing velocity for a system with particles of particle density 5000 kz/m’ and mean volume diameter 100 tm and a fluid of density 12kg/m* and viscosity 18x 10-5Pas Assume that the voidage at incipient fluidization is 05. If in the above example the partiele se is changed to 2mmn, what Uy? Answer: 0.045 m/s; 2.26 m/s.)density 2500 kein’, occupies x eth 6 i avenotor ‘Of solids in the bed is $9 ‘sg and the surface volume mean’ iy 800 key/tn and viscosity 0.002 pa flows the bed when the volume flow rate of liquid is0.72 mane ‘bed when it becomes fluidized. ising a Conteifuse. Assume tint the’ 16 sbules 51 11m diameter and that its density is 894 kam’ ithe 1d the effective: radius at which the Separation cours 183.8rallel to a solid surface, © bhysical interpretation to the Reynolds number, Ve, prove 2i= Consider the flow of a gas pa to the molecular Velocity), flow veloci hat Re is proportional to the product of the ratio of the fl slcity Q2}- Calculate the thie! f the laminar: aM OUgh a pipe SO mr ker at 0.0003 mj, i Bh a pipe SO mm diameter 0.09 n 2 i lo a ni te cd of the laminar Sub-\aVer? Assume fully devatoped flow ‘exists within the pipe, is ity of benzene a : : What is the veloci age =870 kg/m*, U=0.7 mNs/m*)Vxtah 010 ‘of given boncentnatit ne dete{he catalyst arran 0 ied liga pellets 9.5. i PESTS gen cers kc sonienor cron 805.66 so) 17 + O% 10.0, : NEOBL7. mote percent G P andi exi oe ind its exit composition is ES ¥s_ 3} molepercent ‘The gas Mowente is 0.68 kelm's, c; : oe GAYS, Giese the presse drop thou the converte: Mie Boer, a aes |i sn SY (25 Marks) i te tank diamcier 183 s ; (e uibne) 0.122 m, the nk contains four ler awit 00.15, the turbine is operated at 90 spn andthe Liquid in the Osi Of 10gp ard adensiy By" A isulite the w, Gee B Cait eaheel pret mind & Gp oa Aids Nene eal foe SE atxar (a) ie sontion ham dey eoeoar ne _aoes nple pad 5 —TSin flai- bl es si danetariaey (ee [Cihwee: bladed propa = $f (25 Marks) Q3: A) What are the most iniporintteetors affecting the filtration sate? B) Draft the equation: ¢= 20 =U)e. Top ene) ine (25 Marks) vee™* vidas J yedlisns QP) Air flows at 12 mvs through a pipe of inside diameter 25mm, The rate of heat transfer by ‘convection between the pipe and the air is 60 W/m’ K. Neglecting the effects of temperature ‘Variation , estimate the pressure drop permeice length of pipe ? Taking C, = 1000 kek (25 Marks) Fe oa Lek PED PBR Head of the Dep, Dr. Aysar T: Jarullah Exminer Shymaa Ale ravacea,we assume that the during a wash period x 104 m3/s, Howey According to Text-Equation ¢ plied pressure drop, and so Hence, the time need minutes)locity 4 mm/s, diameter 25 mm and pipe wall temperature is Mogi |. NK QL: Water is flowing through a smooth pipe with a vel and length 6m. If the inlet water temperature is 300K 330K. Find the outlet water temperature by using : ‘ :Z%lo” d= ak a) Modified Reynolds analogy ‘ b) Chilton and Colburn equation nf |S=4.18 Kitkg KM 0.7410? Nain”, K= 0.65 Wim sean ammonia is absorbed from air at atmospheric pressure by Q2: In an absorption tower, £2/ku/m’.s\in a test corresponds to a Reynolds number of acetic acid, The flow. 7 5100 and hence a friction [Pu en \At the temperature of absorption the viscosity of the gas stream is 0,018 mN.s/m’, the density is 1.154 kg/m’ and the diffusion coefficient of ammonia in air is 1.96*10° m?/s, Determine the mass transfer coefficient through the U yy 5 film in kg/m’.s (kN/m’). f \ 2 Oe KT i_Gensity 2500 kg occupies depth on avert 8d he surice Volume may fF solids in the bed is $9 ky id of density ‘800 leg” and viscosity 0,002 pas flows, the bed when the volume flow rate of liquid is 0.72 mAb bed when it becomes Huidined, ing @ centrifuge. Assume tt theo 6 ‘tn diameter and that ts density 6 #98 ka ihe und the effective radius at which the separaiion ctirs 153.8a fortilizer spherical pollets are mate by spraying molten liq cof alr at 20. CAs, it fale, the Fotail iS | sotidifies In alout 2 secon vd collnets, at the bottom of cof | where it Is discharged . The averane diameter of pellers er | Assuming free settling , Whit should be the hpight of [tomer ? (Density of pellots = 1230 ka/ny! -viscosi¥ ofan ober iy of air= 018 ep). ie The filtration equation for filtration at a const a ! t rnstant pressure of 38,7 ieee : Fe. rar ee es Feq {@ i tall vessel against aysire the cylinder a2: | psia;( 266.8 Kpa)iis © = 6.10 x 10°57 +001 | Where tisins 4p) in psia Jand Vi thers. The sp | the cake is independent of pressure. If the ate of 10 liters/s, how long,will Itt Tee | @3:A slurry contains (6kg) of be concentrate: to a slurrycontains ( by using a continuous thickener Ee different experiment were carried | ‘out. lhe Cora Fe : Rate of sedimentation (mm/s}:y 0.17"" 0.13°0.078 °9,058 "0,082" Concentration ( kg water/ke solid): 5 4 3 aay Calculate the optimum cross sectional area of the thickener to separa 0.61 kg/ sec) ? 4 4 +a ——= 625 (196 )¢1185) (0-5 Y) “SU-ey yw (iney (uresn tars} CO) | a pacers ony SO€) 2195 Fra Me (ys) (own ie: a =a | pea sapere neha AP 2199 Whurne feed rate is T seeded for 95% convel 5eve sosuyn tthe sash weer has the same physical rovers De Una would also be 1.923 250 kPa. during a wash period ata pressure drop of 400 kPa the wash rate wash oyole is 2 x 10-4 mis, However, the applied pressure drop during ate is directly proportional te the ‘According to Text-Equation 626 the liquid flow applied pressure drop, and 89 flowrate of wash water (at 250 kPa) eee es) io m/s: *Vorn10) enc, the ime needed to pass 0: m3 of wash wot at this ate i 6656 60 (0F 1102 minutes)Re Q Ql: Sulphuric acid is pumped at 3kg/s through a 60 m length of smooth 2: Calculate the drop in pressure? Density of acid (1840 kg/m’), viscosity of acid (25 mN sim?) Equation 3.18)-39, = 40 Spat Eouaton 3.20% = 845 22 as ze (jf lndepandent of Re Tg ig eerie aprons th « Q 2 The meclogical properties of « particular suspension may be approximated reasonably well by cither a power law or a Bingham plastic model over the shear range of 10 to 50 s". If the consistency coefficient k is 10 N s'/m? and the flow behaviour index n is 0.2 in the power law mode! .What will be approximate values of the yield guess and ofthe plastic viscosity inthe Bingham- plastic model? (40 marks) (Q3: Choose the correct answer 1- The modification of Reynolds analogy for heat transfer and mass transfer equal to the simple Reynolds analogy when: 4) The velocity of fluid is slows~ b) The tid is Liquid ©) The Laminar sub-layer large 4) The fluid is highly turbulent v Mw Woe 2- If the heat transfers coefficient is (100 W/ m?, K), what will the mass transfer coefficient for a gas of spccific heat capacity (1.5 ie K) and density (1. Shem? a) 0.01 b) 0.022 0.044 d)0.05 3+ Jn factor for heat transfer is not a function of the — number, ea a) Reynolds. b) Nusselt ©) Prandtl ) both (b) &(c) Py. 4-Dimension of mass diffusivity i the same as that of a a) Kinematics viscosity by dynamic viscosity 6) Shear stress ) pressure S-At 750k and Latm, the approximate Value of Schmidt number for air is a) 001 byor ol a) 10 (20 marks) Good luck : WwW DS = BeplaFs ¥ gon Pisce Recess The. ae Ahvekinets ef uy Wee O22 mm o.o2 SH a + Sy y of wore is iene of = ee BBY ere ah i — e22ee eet Ae: mange aie Creo aa Xpel Y= oes y ees +B Fane ¥ 3 ee Dike «8h geyees = Ree Figg =O xe yeets= DU) » 7 Peosc ae$0166 So, 17 : 70100, NENT, separ cet Gs and Us exit composition is ig ys, BONE? SOG) Oy 94 af 823, ‘The Bas flowraie is 6.68 keine. c; _ an, SOY ofthe paso Dae GueHal the presse kop through the convener ‘The mole pervent a 26x) ‘ : Lien Ce) aSNea) required power of ; -. a e le AaMiTed power of : ror fluid 6 Newonlanone 3c sohaton bas nim (OO4len conde te Q3 A) What are the most important fers aflesting the filration rte? B) Draft the equation: 4= 20 =Uies, Ue) ne) cent Jas (25 Marks) red” eidas gb yediws €QPY Air flows at 12 m/s through a pipe of inside diameter 25mm , The rate of heat transfer by convection belween the pipe and the air is 60. Wn’ K, Neglecting the effects of temperature variation , estimate the pressure drop perme lenath of pipe ? Taking C, = 1000 HkgK = (25 Maris) . “Good Luck FES BR Head of the Dep, Dr, Aysar T: Jarullal