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  • Routes of Administration

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    AIRA BIANCA B. MANALANG
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    This document discusses various routes of drug administration including: 1. Oral route which involves ingesting drugs through the gastrointestinal tract. 2. Parenteral routes which bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, and intrathecal injections. 3. Other routes like inhalation, topical administration, sublingual, and buccal routes. Each route has advantages and disadvantages in terms of drug absorption and effects. The most appropriate route depends on the drug's properties and desired effects.

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    This document discusses various routes of drug administration including: 1. Oral route which involves ingesting drugs through the gastrointestinal tract. 2. Parenteral routes which bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, and intrathecal injections. 3. Other routes like inhalation, topical administration, sublingual, and buccal routes. Each route has advantages and disadvantages in terms of drug absorption and effects. The most appropriate route depends on the drug's properties and desired effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    15 views3 pages

    Routes of Administration

    Uploaded by

    AIRA BIANCA B. MANALANG
    This document discusses various routes of drug administration including: 1. Oral route which involves ingesting drugs through the gastrointestinal tract. 2. Parenteral routes which bypass the gastrointestinal tract and include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, and intrathecal injections. 3. Other routes like inhalation, topical administration, sublingual, and buccal routes. Each route has advantages and disadvantages in terms of drug absorption and effects. The most appropriate route depends on the drug's properties and desired effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Routes of Administration

    Routes of Drug Administration • PARENTERAL


    • ENTERNAL - Administration of drugs
    - Routes by which drug is by bypassing the GIT.
    placed into the GIT. - The routes of injection

    1. Intravenous Injection - the


    Oral Route
    drug is introduced directly to the
    Advantages
    bloodstream.
    ● Simple
    ● Convenient
    Advantages
    • Most rapid onset
    Disadvantages
    (immediate)
    ● Longer onset
    • Can
    ● Stomach and intestinal
    accommodate largest
    irritation
    volume of drug
    ● Inactivation by GIT
    • More predictable
    acidity or enzymes
    drug response
    ● First-pass effect
    • Emergency
    ● Less predictable blood
    route
    levels
    • Constant
    plasma level can be
    Rectal Route maintained
    Advantages
    ● Nausea and Disadvantages
    unconsciousness does • Occurrence of
    not prevent drug hazardous reactions
    administration • Recall not
    ● Has both local effect and possible
    systemic absorption • Too rapid
    injection can have
    Disadvantages adverse effects
    ● Few drugs can only be • Most dangerous
    absorbed rectally route
    ● Absorption of many drugs
    is irregular and 2. Intramuscular -
    incomplete Delivery of the drug deep into the
    muscle
    Advantages
    Routes of Administration

    • Rapid onset • front of the thigh


    • Irritating drugs
    are tolerated 4. Intradermal
    • Less pain - Drug is injected
    compared to into the skin
    subcutaneous - Sensitivity testing

    Disadvantages 5. Intrathecal
    • Not - a.k.a. Intraspinal
    recommended for - For local and
    repetitive drug rapid effect of
    administration drugs on the
    meninges or
    Injection Site cerebrospinal
    • Deltoid region axis
    • Gluteal mass underlying - drugs are injected
    the upper outer quadrant directly into the
    • Triceps spinal
    • Rectus femoris subarachnoid
    space
    3. Subcutaneous - Inject
    a drug into the tissue layer
    between the skin and the muscle

    Advantages
    • Rates of drug
    absorption may be
    modified

    Disadvantages
    • Irritation
    • Slow absorption
    -> Pellet
    implantation

    Site of injection
    • outer surface of
    the arm
    Routes of Administration

    Advantages:
    • Rapid absorption
    • Bypass of GIT
    • Unconscious patient

    Disadvantages
    • Eating, drinking, and
    smoking
    • INHALATION • Irritation of existing
    - Gaseous, sores
    microcrystalline, and
    volatile drugs
    - Absorption is through
    pulmonary endothelium
    at the alveoli and mucous
    membrane of reparatory
    tract
    - Fast absorption

    • TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION
    - Application of drug to the
    skin and other epithelial
    surfaces
    - Used for local drug
    effects
    - Low systemic side effect

    • SUBLINGUAL
    - SUBLINGUAL
    administration is when
    medication is placed
    under the tongue to be
    absorbed by the body.
    - BUCCAL administration
    involves placement of the
    drug between the gums
    and the cheek

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