GEN ANA LECTURE 03.13.

2020

FRONTALIS - part of occipitofrontalis Levator Palpebrae: Occulomotor Nerve

- frontal belly CN3
- occipital belly
connected to the: Epicranial Aponeurosis SO4 LR6 MIO3

ORIGIN: epicranial aponeurosis PROCERUS

                 (tendinous sheath)
INSERTION: skin of eyebrows;
                         root of nose
Muscles Promoting Facial Expressions
ACTION: raises eyebrows;
                  wrinkles forehead
OCCIPITALIS MUSCLE
ACTION: to pull the scalp posteriorly
ORIGIN: Occipital Bone
INSERTION: Epicranial Aponeurosis
ORBICULARIS OCULI
ACTION: to "close" the eyelids
ORIGIN: frontal and maxillary bones
                 ligaments around the orbit
INSERTION: tissue of the eyelid
* Levator Palpebrae Superioris
        - to "open" the eyelids
        
EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES
to look up: Superior Rectus - allows the
eyeball to elevate
to look down: Inferior Recctus - allows the
eyeball to depress
towards the left and the right: Lateral
Rectus
to look medially: Medial Rectus
to look up and out/superiorly and
laterally:Inferior Oblique
to look down and out: Superior Oblique
Extraoccular Muscles
INNERVATION: Occulomotor Nerve  ORIGIN: the body of the Mandible
except for the: Lateral Rectus (innervated
by the Abducence) and the Superior
Oblique (innvervated by the Trigeminal
Nerve)
ACTION: wrinkles the nose
Zygomaticus Major and Minor
- laughing muscles 
ORIGIN: Zygomatic Bone
INSERTION: inserts into the skin at the
corner of the mouth
ACTION: raises the corner of the mouth
upwards
SMILING MUSCLES
1. Risorius
2. Levator Labii Superioris
3. Levator Anguli Oris
4. Orbicularis Oculi - participates during
smiling
RISORIUS
ACTION: draw the corners of the lips
laterally
ORIGIN: fascia of Masseter
INSERTION: skin of the corner of the
mouth
LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS
ACTION: elevates the upper lip / open the
lips
ORIGIN: Zygomatic Bone and the orbit of
the eye
INSERTION: skin of the upper  lip
DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS
ACTION: draws the lower lip inferiorly
*pout*
INSERTION: Skin of the lower lip
TEMPORALIS MUSCLE
- attaches to the coronoid process of the
mandible
DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS
ACTION: draws the corner of the mouth
downwards *frowning*
ORIGIN: body of the mandible
INSERTION: skin at the corner of the
mouth
ORBICULARIS ORIS - kissing and whistling
ACTION: closes and purses the lips
ORIGIN: maxilla and mandible
INSERTION: insert into the skin at the
angle of the mouth
MENTALIS
ACTION: Wrinkles the chin
ORIGIN: Mandible
INSERTION:  Skin of the chin
INNERVATION: Vagus Nerve (pharyngeal
branch)
INSERTION: into the Palatine Aponeurosis
ACTION: elevates the soft palate
3. Palatoglossus
INNERVATION: Vagus Nerve (pharyngeal
branch)
INSERTION:
ACTION: pulls the soft palate towards the
tongue
4. Musculus Uvulae
INNERVATION: Vagus Nerve (pharyngeal
branch)
INSERTION:
ACTION: to elavate and pull the uvula
laterally; shortens the uvula
5. Palatopharngeus muscle
ACTION: tenses the soft palate and draws
the pharynx anteriorly during swallowing

BUCCINATOR MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

ACTION: to compress the cheeks, blowing, 1. MASSETER
whistling, sipping, sucking and hold food ACTION: elevates the mandible
ORIGIN: Maxilla and Mandible ORIGIN:
INSERTION: Orbicularis Oris INSERTION: 
2. TEMPORALIS
PLATYSMA - covers almost the anterior of ACTION: elevates the mandible / closes
the neck down to the upper chest;  the mouth
                       - covers the inferior part of ORIGIN: temporal bone
the face surrounding the mouth INSERTION:  coronoid process of the
ACTION: to tenses the skin of the neck mandible
anddepresses the mandible 3. Medial Pterygoid
ORIGIN: fascia of the chest ACTION: protrudes the jaw and promotes
INSERTION: lower margin of the mandible side to side chewing (elevates)
and skin at the corner of mouth INSERTION:  medial /surface angle of the
body of the mandible
4. Lateral Pterygoid
Muscles of the Soft Palate ACTION: protrudes the jaw and promotes
1. Tensor Veli Palatini - the only muscle of side to side chewing
the soft palate that has different INSERTION: 
innervation
INNERVATION: Medial pterygoid nerve MUSCLES THAT AFFECT THE TONGUE
branch of the CN5 V3  (GLOSSAL MUSCLES)
INSERTION: into the Palatine Aponeurosis 1. Hyoglossus
ACTION: tenses up the soft palate ACTION: depresses the tongue
2. Levator Veli Palatini INNERVATION: Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII
ORIGIN: the greater horn of the hyoid
bone
INSERTION: infero-lateral part of the
tongue
2. Styloglossus
ACTION: retracts and elevates the tongue
INNERVATION: Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII
ORIGIN: styloid process of the temoporal
bone
INSERTION: infero-lateral  part of the
tongue
3. Genioglossus
ACTION: sticking out of the tongue
INNERVATION: Hypoglossal Nerve CN XII
ORIGIN: 
INSERTION: body of hyoid and inferior
aspect of the tongue