4.13 to 4.

15 [34 marks]

Saloni wants to find a model for the temperature of a bottle of water after she
removes it from the fridge. She uses a temperature probe to record the
temperature of the water, every 5 minutes.

After graphing the data, Saloni believes a suitable model will be

T = 28 − abt , where a, b ∈ R+ .

1a. Explain why 28 − T can be modeled by an exponential function. [1 mark]

1b. Find the equation of the least squares exponential regression curve for [3 marks]
28 − T .

2
1c. Write down the coefficient of determination, R2 . [1 mark]

1d. Interpret what the value of R2 tells you about the model. [1 mark]

1e. Hence predict the temperature of the water after 3 minutes. [2 marks]
 Two independent random variables X and Y follow Poisson distributions.
Given that E (X) = 3 and E (Y ) = 4, calculate

2a. E (2X + 7Y ). [2 marks]

2b. Var(4X − 3Y ). [3 marks]

2 2
2c. E (X 2 − Y 2 ). [4 marks]

The weights, X kg, of the males of a species of bird may be assumed to be

normally distributed with mean 4.8 kg and standard deviation 0.2 kg.

3a. Find the probability that a randomly chosen male bird weighs between [1 mark]
4.75 kg and 4.85 kg.
 The weights, Y kg, of female birds of the same species may be assumed to be
normally distributed with mean 2.7 kg and standard deviation 0.15 kg.

3b. Find the probability that the weight of a randomly chosen male bird is [6 marks]
more than twice the weight of a randomly chosen female bird.
3c. Two randomly chosen male birds and three randomly chosen female [4 marks]
birds are placed on a weighing machine that has a weight limit of 18 kg.
Find the probability that the total weight of these five birds is greater than the
weight limit.

The weights of apples from Tony’s farm follow a normal distribution with mean
158 g and standard deviation 13 g. The apples are sold in bags that contain six
apples.

4a. Find the mean weight of a bag of apples. [2 marks]

 4b. Find the standard deviation of the weights of these bags of apples. [2 marks]

4c. Find the probability that a bag selected at random weighs more than [2 marks]
1 kg.

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