TOPIC: PERSONAL REFLECTIONS ON

APPLICATION OF BEHAVIOURAL MODIFICATION

BEHAVIOURAL MODIFICATION ON MYSELF / OTHERS

POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

Positive reinforcement is pairing a positive stimulus / reward to behaviour to make sure we

continue with the desired behaviour. It is the most effective method of shaping behaviour
because it is the most pleasant. Praise and reward are both used in positive reinforcement.

OTHERS

 Teacher rewarding their students for getting a good grade with appreciation.
 Child receives positive reinforcement (extra time to play) for meeting specific
behavioural goals, such as staying in an assigned seat and not interrupting others.

NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

Negative reinforcement is the opposite and is the pairing of behaviour to the removal of a
negative stimulus. Negative reinforcement is taking something unpleasant away to reinforce
good behaviour

OTHERS

 A child that throws a tantrum because he or she doesn’t want to eat vegetables and has
his or her vegetables taken away.
 Child may choose to do their homework without being reminded to avoid nagging.
 A teenager complains about school during the ride to school every morning. The
child's father turns on talk radio loudly to drown him out. The next day the teenager
doesn't complain about anything because they don't want to listen to talk radio.

POSITIVE PUNISHMENT

If you present a negative consequence in response to negative behaviour, you are using
positive punishment.
OTHERS

 Allowing a child to suffer the consequences for negative behaviour – such as getting a
bad grade when homework is not completed and/or turned in.
 Giving a child an extra chore as a consequence for lying when asked if they cleaned
their room
 Telling a person to write an apology letter after they hurt someone's feelings

NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT

With negative punishment, something is taken away in response to negative behaviour.

OTHERS

 Taking away toys when homework is not completed

 Placing a child in time-out so they are not receiving any positive attention is to ignore
the behaviour, this may cause extinction of the undesirable behaviour as the child
realizes she will not get the attention she seeks or get what she wants by pitching a fit

FLOODING

It involves exposing people to fear invoking objects or situations intensely and rapidly

OTHERS

 Forcing someone with a fear of snakes to hold one for 10 minutes.

EXPOSURE THERAPY

It is used to help someone overcome a fear

OTHERS

Suppose the client has fear of escalators. After learning about the client's fears, thoughts, and
reactions to escalators, the therapist might gradually expose the client to escalators. She
might first show him pictures of escalators, gauging his emotional response and asking his
thoughts. Then she might ask him to imagine and describe riding one. Next, she might give
him the assignment to visit an escalator nearby but not ride it. And she might show him
videos of people riding escalators and not getting hurt. Finally, she might ask him to ride an
escalator. The design of this gradual exposure would decrease and eliminate his anxiety about
riding an escalator. The goal would be for the stimulus of riding an elevator not to cause a
negative reaction.

SHAPING

It involves establishing a complex set of behaviors using a set of steps.

OTHERS

Teaching a child to cross a street involves teaching several behaviors connected in a certain
order. This might look something like this: walk up to the corner, push the button to activate
the crosswalk and traffic light, wait until you get the correct “walk” signal and the cars are
stopped, and then quickly get across the street before the light changes.

SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION

It is also used to treat phobias and involves teaching a client to remain calm while focusing
on these fears.

OTHERS

Someone with an intense fear of bridges might start by looking at a photo of a bridge, then
thinking about standing on a bridge and eventually walking over a real bridge.

EXTINCTION

It involves making a person get rid of unwanted behaviour.

OTHERS

A child who is put on a timeout because of bad behaviour may eventually stop that
behaviour.

Parents might use behaviour modification on their 3-year-old child who was having frequent
temper tantrums. One way to strengthen the likelihood of temper tantrums would be to
reinforce and thus increase the behaviour by yelling, giving the child attention when she was
throwing a tantrum, or even giving her what she wants so that the fit stops. The way to use
behaviour modification
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REFERENCES

Amy Morin, L. C. S. W. (2021, February 16). How to change your child's behavior with

behavior modification. Verywell Family. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from

https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-is-behavior-modification-1094788

PLAGIRISM REPORT