UNIT 11

EXPOSITION TEXT

Basic Competence
 Understanding exposition text
 Writing sentences using appropriate conjunction

Exposition text is divided into two types: analytical and hortatory exposition. Analytical exposition
is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding. It is started with the
statements showing the writer’s opinion or position about the issue discussed in the text. The
function of the analytical exposition text is to persuade the reader about the importance of the
issue through the writer’s arguments. Similarly, hortatory exposition is a text that is started with
the writer’s statements on certain issue. The writer, then, supports it with arguments and finishes
the text by giving recommendation.
Generic Structure
 Thesis
In analytical exposition, it tells the writer’s position or opinion on certain issue. However, in
hortatory exposition, it tells the issue or problem that will be discussed in the text.
 Arguments
Both in analytical and hortatory exposition, this part provides arguments from the writer.
 Reiteration
In analytical exposition, it just tells a restatement from the writer on certain issue. In hortatory
exposition, it gives recommendation from the writer on the issue discussed in the text.
Language Feature
 Use simple present tense
 Use conjunction
 Using compound and complex sentence

TASK 1
Read the following texts. Decide which one the analytical and hortatory exposition text is.
Why People Should Exercise?
In the past, I have never been inclined to participate in sports. Honestly, I didn’t like
it, but many persons whom I lived with kept telling me every day how good it was. Since
the peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. It wasn’t until then that I

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 could really understand people when they said exercise really helped a person get
(5) organized and keep yourself in a healthy physically and mentally.
For starters, when you are a lazy person, it is difficult to take the first step, but it is
all a matter of committing yourself to something that will provide you a lot of positive
feedback. Once you start doing exercise and observing positive results, you actually
enjoy it. It takes a lot of effort and strong will, but it’s worth it. The principal thing to do
(10) is to participate in an activity you like. If you do, you’ll start organizing your day in a way
that enables you to do everything you have to, including exercising. You will no longer
be a person stressed-out without time to carry on with all your activities.
Second, it is obvious that once you exercise you will have a better condition. You
will be healthier in a physical way. It is probable that you will lose weight and your
(15) muscles will get stronger and stronger. Your body will feel good, full of energy and it will
respond immediately to any action you want to do, any activity that has to be done with
high spirits.
The third reason why exercising is good is that it affects you positively in a mental
and psychological way. Doing exercise helps you set specific goals which along with
(20) strong will can be achieved. When you do that, you are aware of your abilities, accept
your weaknesses, and your self-esteem goes up. Any sport distracts you because it
helps you not to think about school, friends, problems, among other things. It brings you
time to think about yourself and no one else. It helps you keep your mind busy and to
avoid dangerous habits like drugs.
(25) Doing exercise is very important to any person of any age. The positive effects of
exercising, which I’ve already mentioned, are like a chain. Once you do a sports activity
that you like, you get organized. Therefore, you start doing things the right way and get
enormous benefits which make you feel good as a whole human being. You start living
your life happily.

The Importance of Having Breakfast

In a busy morning, people tend to skip their breakfast. Actually, there are many
benefits of having breakfast. Here are two reasons why it is important.
Having breakfast helps us feel more focused for the coming day. When we study
at school and didn’t have breakfast before, we will more likely to not focus during the
(5) lesson. There’s nothing worse than being constantly aware that you are hungry and
counting the minutes until lunchtime. Having breakfast in the morning not only fuels us
until lunchtime, but it actually gives our brains the essential energy to function and focus
better on tasks, so we can concentrate more.
Having breakfast will also control our appetite. If we don’t eat breakfast, we are
(10) much more likely to end up snacking throughout the morning which could pile up the
unhealthy calories! Stay away from overly-refined snacks with added sugar. If you do
feel like snacking, have some slices of fruits.
The two reasons, to help us feel more focused and to control our appetite, are only
some of many reasons out there on why having breakfast is important. There are indeed
many other benefits of having breakfast.

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GRAMMAR FOCUS: COMPOUND AND COMPLEX SENTENCE
Compound Sentence
Compound sentence is a sentence that has at least two independent clauses.

Taken from: https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/compound_sentence.htm

Complex Sentence
Complex sentence is a sentence that has one independent clause and at least one dependent
clause.

Taken from: https://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/complex_sentence.htm

GRAMMAR FOCUS: CONJUNCTION

Conjunction is a word used to connect words, phrases or clauses.
Example
 Words: silver and gold
 Phrases: over the river and through the woods
 Clauses: Marry planted a flower, and she watered it.

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Types of Conjunction
1. Coordinating Conjunctions
List of conjunctions:
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Example:
You must study, or you won’t learn grammar.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions

3. Correlative Conjunctions
List of conjunctions:
both ….and
either … or
neither … or
not only… but also
whether… or

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 Example:
This cookie contains neither chocolate nor nuts.

TASK 2
Complete the following sentences with correct conjunction.
1. I like sugar in my tea, __________ I don’t like milk in it.
(and / but / or / so)
2. Listen to the story __________ answer the questions in complete sentences.
(and / because / but / or)
3. Is it Thursday __________ Friday today?
(and / but / or / then)
4. He was late __________ the bus didn’t come.
(although / because / but / or)
5. We were very tired, __________ we were happy after our flights to Sydney.
(and / but / or / so)
6. They climbed the mountain __________ it was very windy.
(although / nor / or / so)
7. __________ Lenny was watching the planes, his wife was reading in the car.
(and / but / so / while)
8. I’ll text you __________ I have arrived in Toronto.
(after / or / so / then)
9. My brother doesn’t drink milk, __________ does he eat cheese.
(and / but / nor / so)
10. The sun was warm, __________ the wind was a bit too cool.
(after / nor / so / yet)
11. I bring a sandwich __________ I get hungry.
(therefore / in case / only / so that)
12. __________ she calls me, I fell very happy.
(so that / whenever / therefore / but)
13. I will not talk to him __________ he apologizes for that he did.
(while / because / until / but)
14. She spoke __________ she knew what she was talking about, __________ she didn’t.
(until / although / as if / but)
15. I need to work hard __________ I can pass the exam.
(since / so that / because / although)
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TASK 3
Make your own sentence using these following conjunctions.
1. as soon as
_____________________________________________________________________
2. once
_____________________________________________________________________
3. as (time)
_____________________________________________________________________
4. as (cause)
_____________________________________________________________________
5. since (time)
_____________________________________________________________________
6. since (cause)
_____________________________________________________________________
7. whenever
_____________________________________________________________________
8. if
_____________________________________________________________________
9. although
_____________________________________________________________________
10. unless
_____________________________________________________________________

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